Tikrit Journal of Pure Science

Objectives: To examine and compare the diagnostic value of Interferon gamma releasing assay (IGRAs) (T- SPOT TB and Qunati FERON Gold in Tube) in the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis.
Materials and methods: The study included 40 patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis. They were attendance of Respiratory Health Care Centers in Mosul City for the period from March to December 2013. From each patient a sputum sample was collected and processed for culture on Löwenstein-Jensen (L-J media). Twelve milliliters (ml) of blood from each patients was collected (10 ml collected in heparinised tube for T SPOT TB and 2 ml in QFT-GIT special tubes)
Results: From the total 40 patients with positive AFB staining 37 (92.5%) were culture positive. The specificity of both IGRAs were 100% . The sensitivity of T- SPOT TB test was 91.89%, while the QFT-GIT sensitivity was 86.49%. The positive predictive value of both IGRAs was 100%. The negative predictive value of T SPOT TB was 50 %, while that of QFT-GIT was 37.5 %. There was a moderate degree of agreement between the T -SPOT TB and QFT–GIT in (82.5%, k=0.54, 95%CI). The results of the two IGRAs are not affected by BCG vaccination status of TB patients.
Conclusions: The IGRAs could provide a supplementary information as part of diagnostic work-up for tuberculosis diagnosis but it is important to note that a negative IGRA does not rule out active TB . Moreover, and of the two IGRAs, QFT GIT is more convenient to adopted for diagnostic use.

In this, study89stray cats were examined in Saladin province, of both sexes and various ages, which included 82 stray cats and 7 cats as a group control. Showed the infected cats number" of clinical examination and stood infection rate of intestinal parasites 41.46%, was diagnosed with worms Toxocara cati by 8.53%, Toxascaris leonine by 13.41%, and Taenia spp. by 31.70%, and Dipylidium caninum by 15.85%, and Diphyllobothrium sp. by 7.31% and eggs bags each of Isospora spp. by 20.73%, and Giardia spp. 6.09% and Toxoplasma gondii by 10.97%. Histopathological examination of the intestines, showed degeneration of columnar epithelial cells and necrosis of some of them and also alienations, the villi in the intestinal cavity, with the presence of large numbers of inflammatory white blood cells within the core of the villi, and the muscular wall of the intestines contained inflammatory cells severe macular disintegration with severe degeneration in many fiber other muscle, as large vacuole appeared in the cytoplasm of the muscle fibers.

This study was performed between January 2013 to the end of June 2013, involving 94 spontaneous aborted women at 15-45 years who attended TGH in Salah Al-deen province. They were examined and taking placental pits and cervical swabs. For diagnosis, used Gram staining, cultures, biochemical tests, API system and molecular technique including polymerase chain reaction (PCR).
The spontaneous aborted women with Listeria infection was 13 (13.82%) out of 94 aborted women, while 81(81.86%) of aborted women had other causes of abortion. The most affected age group with Listeria infection was 25 – 34 years old represented 7 (53.84%) aborted women. The most infected patients from rural area was 61.53%, while in urban was 38.46%. The most aborted women with Listeria infection were had previous abortions within first trimester (less than 12 weeks of gestational age) were 8 (100%) cases. The pathogens isolated from placenta pits and cervical swabs was Listeria monocytogenes represented 11(37.93%) out of 29 isolated pathogens, while Listeria ivanovii was 2 (6.80%). PCR was used for detection of virulence associated gene of Listeria monocytogenes including hly A which had been found to be amplifying of their DNA fragments. The PCR products showed the eleven isolates of Listeria monocytogenes had the hly A gene.

studied the impact of muscular immunization to white mice (Balb / c) with serum and cell lymphoma of the spleen immunized mice with different antigens (mature eggs, live larvae, liquid hatch eggs, extract adult worm) of Toxocara canis to resist infection by the larvae of Toxocara cati in the case of hetero infection and against the larvae of Toxocara canis in similar infection case. The results showed that immunization with serum effect in reducing the rate of infection at the injection all different antigens (mature eggs, live larvae, liquid hatch eggs, extract adult worm) reached as prevention ratio against T. cati 65.64%, 41.60%, 60.68%, 73.28% respectively, and the proportion of total prevention against T. canis with same antigens 71.90%, 51.83 %, 53.84%, 71.23% respectively. But when immunization lymphoma cell of the spleen mice immunized proportion to protect against T. cati it has reached 64.96%, 51.36%, 48.63%, 67.68%, respectively against antigens (mature eggs, live larvae, liquid hatch eggs, extract adult worm), and amounted to prevention ratio against T. canis 59.24%, 53.75%, 39.01%, 69.65% respectively in same infection.

The aim of the present study was to detect the effect of infection with Toxoplasma gondii on hematological, biochemical and immunological parameters in pregnant women. Blood samples, 101 in the total number, were subject to serological test (ELISA test) collected between first of September 2013 to the end of March 2014 from pregnant women: 76 seroposative toxoplasmosis and (25) seronegative toxoplasmosis (control group) divided into two groups according to their ages (16-26 years and 27-46 years). Hematological parameters in whole blood samples were examined. Liver enzyme activity such as Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) also urea and creatinine concentration in serum were determined. Besides, the levels of interleukins (IL-6 and IL-10) were analyzed. In infected groups WBCs counts, ALT, AST, ALP activities, urea and creatinine concentration, IL-6 and IL-10 levels were increased significantly p≤0.05, while the Hb and PCV levels decreased significantly p≤0.05 when compared to control groups.

The present study used 20 albino rats that distributed randomly to five groups (each group contain 4 rats), the first group was control group administrated only normal diet and water, the second group administrated with lead-acetate for four weeks, the third group administrated with lead-acetate for six weeks, the fourth group administrated with lead-acetate for four weeks and then, treated with 1ml root extract for 15 days, the fifth group administrated with lead-acetate for six weeks and then, treated with 1ml root extract for 15 days. The ALT, AST, ALP, bilirubin and creatinine levels were increased while albumin levels were decreased and showed high significant changes (P < 0.01) in groups that administrated with lead-acetate compared with control group, but the levels of all parameters back to normal when the groups that administrated with lead-acetate treated with Glycyrrhiza glabra root extract. It was concluded from this study that roots extract has amply good effect on liver and kidneys enzymes.

In view of the increasing interest in the Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). The extracted DNA yield was observed using the phenol-chloroform method, it ranged from (1.6-1.8) and concentration ranged from 100 to 800 ng/µl. Five classical enterotoxin genes were investigated in 20 isolates using multiplex PCR method after it had been molecularly identified into methicillin resistant using mec A (which is the key genetic component of methicillin resistance) and fem A genes in a duplex PCR technique. A multiplex PCR test based on the simultaneous amplification of the five genes genes; sea 102bp, seb 164bp, sec 451bp, sed 278 bp and see 209bp was conducted to directly detect the toxin gene content. Our results had showed that most of MRSA samples harbored at least one enterotoxin gene. Multiple toxin gene combinations were also observed. Using this PCR assay we found that among the MRSA strains obtained (n=20). The most commonly found gene was the enterotoxin A sea (n: 18, 90%), which was found alone and together with other toxin genes.

This research approaches to investigate toxin gene content of the methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains that are clinically collected from human skin infection cases by performing multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique (irrespective of whether the strain produces the toxin or not) and for that a single PCR reaction was employed, two pairs of exfoliative toxin and one pair toxic shock syndrome toxin-1. Amplicon sizes ranged between 93, 226 and 326bp, to facilitate electrophoretic separation. Results of the current study had revealed that the major gene detected was tst found in six isolates. Multiple toxin gene combinations were also observed. This work was conducted at several institutions including Tikrit Teaching Hospital’s lab; college of science biology department labs/ Tikrit University; and the Biotechnology Research Centre/ Al-Nahrain University.

The current study represents an observational, cross-sectional study by using a simple random sampling technique which included one hundred children patients with UTI from the age of 4-14 years old in Tikrit Teaching Hospital from the first of March 2014 to the end of May 2014 to find the relationship between UTI and Hyperuricemia in children. The study demonstrates that the prevalence of UTI was common in females (64%) than males (36%) with 2:1 ratio. Also high prevalence of UTI was common in rural area (78%) than urban area (22%) of the total cases, and UTI was common in the patients with low socio-economic state (69%). Prevalence of hyperuricemia among patients with UTI was (27%) of the total cases. The study concluded that the prevalence of UTI was high among children in Tikrit Teaching Hospital and there is a significant association between UTI and Hyperuricemia .

The different investigation has been carried out on the biological activities of silver, zinc oxide and titanium dioxide nanoparticles. But no study till now has identified the activity of particles' size or type, nor a study has proved their best synergism activity with antibiotics in one experiment against the same isolates.
In this study different sizes of the three types of nanoparticles (NPs) was used to detect the antibacterial activity against methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus, which was isolated from patients (with burns and wound) at Erbil hospitals. Different antibiotics also, was evaluated against the same isolates. The Mithicillin-Resistant S. aureus (MRSA) isolates showed multidrug-resistant to most using antibiotics like; ampicillin, amoxicillin, gentamicin, tetracycline clindamycin and erythromycin. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of these antibiotics at then was conjugated with the nanoparticles' MIC to show the synergism effect by well diffusion method.
The results showed that the phenotypic inhibition zones had been increased minimum 2 mm to maximum 18 mm, that confirmed the synergism activity when the antibiotics conjugated with NPs. These results signify that these nanoparticle potentate the antimicrobial action of (beta lactums, aminoglycosides, tetracycline, macrolides and lincosamides) a possible utilization of nano compound in combination effect against MRSA .

Reaction of cadimium(II) chloride CdCl2.6H2O with two equivalents of N-hydroxymethylsaccharin (Sac-CH2OH) (1) in the presence of NEt3 afforded the presumably tetrahedral complex [Cd(K2-Sac-CH2O)2] (2). The Sac-CH2O- ligand behaves as a bidentate chelate. Reaction of (2) with one equivalent of the bidentate ligands (dipos); Ph2P(CH2)nPPh2, (n = 1 dppm; 2 dppe; 3 dppp; 4 dppb), Ph2P(S)(CH2)P(S)Ph2 (dppmS2) afforded tetrahedral complexes of the type [Cd(K1-Sac-CH2O)2(diphos)] (3-7). The reaction with two equivalents of the monodentate ligands (phos); Ph3P or Ph3PS gave [Cd(K1-Sac-CH2O)2(phos)2] (8,9). The N-hydroxymethylsaccharinate anion acts as a monodentate ligand to the cadmium center through the hydroxymethyl oxygen atom. The complexes were characterized by physico-chemical and spectroscopic methods.

Abstract
Background: Chronic kidney disease is an end stage leads to problems in bone as rheumatoid arthritis (RA) with both glomerular and tubular damage. It is often difficult to differentiate between damage due to disease activity and that due to drugs used to treat Rheumatoid Arthritis.
The aim: To estimate the levels of Calcitonin and Vitamin D and their relationship with renal Osteodystrophy
Methods: Calcitonin and Vitamin D were obtained from 135samples: 85 samples from patients with chronic renal failure, 25 samples with (CRF with arthritis) renal Osteodystrophy, and 25 samples apparently healthy .
Results: A highly significant increase (p<0. 001) in the level of calcitonin in serum of patients with Chronic renal failure and renal osteodystrophy disease compared with healthy individuals. Highly significant decrease (p<0. 001) in the level of vitamin D in serum of patients with chronic renal failure and renal osteodystrophy disease compared with healthy individuals.

The research included synthesis of 2-mercapto benzoxazole (MBO) (1) ) from the reaction of ortho hydroxyl aniline with carbon disulfide in ethanolic potassium hydroxide. The hydrazine benzoxazole HMBA2 (2) was synthesized from the reaction of compound MBO (1) with hydrazine hydrate in presence of alcohol. Compounds (3(a- e)) were synthesized by condensate on of substituted Benzaldehydes with 2-Hydrazino benzoxazole HMBA2. The Ethyl2-(benzoxazolylthio) acetate EMBA1 (4) obtained from the reaction of compound MBO (1) with solution of ethyl chloro acetate using KOH alcoholic .Finally the compound hydrazide HMBA(5 (a- e)) was synthesized from the reaction of compound (4) with hydrazine hydrate in presence of alcohol .All these synthesized compounds were characterized on the basis of their 1H-NMR ,IR, The study is Showed biological activity for chemical compounds, at three concentration 100, 200, 300 ppm in toxic potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) medium method against phytopathogenic fungi three species Fusariumgraminarium, Sclerotiniasclerotium and Rhizoctoniasolani, its isolation on nutritious PDA medium from root plants wheat ,eggplant and cotton continually, diameter measure of fungi growth colony result showed all compound growth inhibition barring MMBA compound non effective inhibition its, appear MBO moral superiority after bring HMBA2 both induce inhibition amount 49.69 and 34.22% continually. Compound concentration its average effect result reveal third significant superior on first and second concentration, interference effect concentration and species chemical compound notice higher inhibition amount 100%with third concentration MBO compound all test its fungi

A rapid, simple and sensitive method for the determination of Diclofenac sodium using sodium 1,2-naphthoquine- 4-sulfonate (NQS) as reagent in an alkaline medium (pH 11.9) to form an orange-colored product that was a maximum absorbance at 456 nm. Beer’s law is obeyed in the range (8-44 µg/mL), with molar absorptivity (6.965×103 L/mol.cm), correlation coefficient 0.9996, and the limit of detection (0.185 µg/mL). The method has been successfully applied to the determination of Diclofenac sodium in pharmaceutical preparations.

Abstract
Some of important drugs in Kurdistan Region are planned to be determined such as analgesics and antibiotics from different available companies. For the first stages Paracetamol, Aspirin, Chloramphenicol, Ibuprofen and Tetracycline drugs were examined and the real quantities determined were compared with that reported on a commercial labels. Mean recoveries 99.2,95.9,99.2,99 and 102.8 respectively, and have percentage errors (%E) -0.80, -4.07,-0.80, 2.80 and -1.00 respectively and the best companies for these drugs.

The Upper Palaeogene-Lower Neogene succession represent subsurface sections from Kirkuk, Bai Hassan, and Khabaz oilfields were divided to many reservoir units dependent on information derived mainly from petrographical description, well log analysis, and related microfacies. In Khabaz oil Field, the hydrocarbon reservoir includes three reservoir units covered the Jeribe Formation, Anah Formation with its interfingering zone with Azkand Formation and Azkand Formation, the total thickness of this reservoir reaches up to (128 m) with net pay thickness of about (85.7 m) and net average porosity of (0.096) while the net water saturation is (0.185), the volume of shale is (7.130). The hydrocarbon reservoir in Bai Hassan was represented by three reservoir units comprised from the Bajwan and Baba formations, the total thickness of this reservoir is (178 m) with net pay thickness of (154.2m) and net average porosity of (0.121) while the net saturation is (0.156), the volume of shale is (36.837). Four reservoir units comprised the hydrocarbon reservoir in Kirkuk Field where they covered the Bajwan, Baba, Shurau and Sheikh Allas formations. The total thickness of these reservoirs is (136 m) with net pay thickness (124.5m) and net average porosity (0.178) while the net water saturation is (0.159), the volume of shale is (5.82). Many types of porosity were associated with these reservoirs such as the interparticles, intraparticles, intercrystaline, fracture, channel, moldic, vug, and cavern porosities. These porosities are attributed to a combination of dolomitization, fracturing, and dissolution.

Microfacies analysis of the Upper Palaeogene-Lower Neogene succession which include Jaddala, Palani, Sheikh Allas, Shurau, Tarjil, Baba, Bajwan, Ibrahim, Azkand, Anah and Jeribe formations within Kirkuk area led to the recognition of many microfacies. They were grouped into nine facies associations ranging from supratidal to basin setting. These facies associations were deposited within a rimmed shelf with a barrier reef during the Palaeogene and a steepened ramp setting with fringing patch reef during the Neogene. The digenetic imprints on the recognized microfacies are prominent and dominated by cementation, neomorphism, dolomitization, precipitation of authigenic minerals, dissolution (leaching), compaction, mechanical degredation, micritization and geopitalstractures.
The Upper Palaeogene-Lower Neogene succession is represented by a 2nd order cycle, It includes five 3rd order cycles within the shallowing upward upper part (The highstand systems tract) of this cycle. Cycles A and B were deposited during the Oligocene and present in the wells of Kirkuk oil field and bounded below by a transgressive surface and above by Type1 sequence boundary, Cycles C and D were deposited during the Aquitanian Early Miocene and found in Khabaz Field only and bounded below and above by a Type1 sequence boundary. These cycles were formed where the tectonic component was the major controlling factor on their development, This have caused successive episodes of relative sea level rises and stillstands, followed by sea level fall. Another 3rd order cycle within the Jeribe Formation was identified at Bai Hassan and Khabaz fields, this cycle is bounded below and above by a Type1 sequence boundary and also represent a brief episode of relative sea level rise followed by a major fall eroding most of the formation.
The development of the Upper Palaeogene-Lower Neogene succession went through three main stages. The first stage was represented by the deposition of the basinal Jaddala and Palani formations (Eocene-Early Oligocene) all over the study area. The second stage was characterized by the basin trend being to the south toward the Khabaz Field and the reef buildup was located near Kirkuk Field and an interfingering took place between the Sheikh Allas and Palani formations deposited as a 3rd order cycle (A) therefore the fore reef and reef of Sheikh Allas and the back reef Shurau were deposited as a second 3rd order cycle (B) in Kirkuk Field only whereas the deposition of the basinal facies of the Palani Formation continued in both Bai Hassan and Khabaz areas. The third stage took place during the Aquitanian Early Miocene where a positive area developed as the Baba Dome and the Bai Hassan Field were uplifted with Avanah and Khurmala domes in Kirkuk Field; therefore the Bajwan and Baba formations (Late Oligocene) became subject to erosion, and the Khabaz Field represent the area of reef buildup, and the depositional system was changed from the shelf to ramp setting. During the Langhian new transgression took place where the Bai Hassan and Khabaz areas represent a tidal flat and the Jeribe Formation was deposited, whereas the Kirkuk Field was a positive area.

This research studies the geotechnical properties of the Quaternary deposits aggregate in Al-Mahzam area in Tikrit city/Salahadin governorate. Samples are collected from three sites on the western bank of Tigris River for studying the physical, mineralogical, chemical, strength and durability properties and evaluating its suitability for sub base in road works. The results for the physical tests through the grain size distribution test show that the aggregate is well graded and suitable to use in road works as sub base for class A. Specific gravity and density tests were carried on according to ASTM, D854,C127 Liquid limit value are (5.10, 2.2 and 4) % and the samples are non-plastic while the value of the elongation and flakiness index according to ISS, 45/1989 are (21.65, 16.04 and 15.85)% and (26.11, 28.65 and 36.00)% respectively.
Mineral composition test of gravel particles revealed that carbonate gravel forming the high percentage of the mineral composition, chert and quartz, sandstone, igneous and metamorphic rocks respectively. Strength test for aggregate Impact Value were carried out according to ISS,47/1970 and B.S.812-112,1990 are (7.06,9.79 and 8.8)% which is classified to exceptionally strong which is specified that shall not exceed 30% for using in road works, and compression strength value which is derived from point load test are (197, 189.3 and 182.4) MPa. according to Hawkins classification is very strong. The durability test results represented by the loss angles test are (26.72, 26.18 and 29.55)% which is suitable for sub base road work, and the average of the soundness test results were ranges (0.62-3.54)% for coarse and fine aggregates which is within the specification and suitable to use the aggregate in roadwork as the sub base. For the chemical tests the values of organic matter, pH value, TDS and sulfate salts (gypsum %) are within the specification and suitable for using in sub base course for road.

Thin films of CdO have been prepared by spray pyrolysis technique. XRD analysis reveals that all the prepared samples were polycrystalline and have preferred orientation along [111] orientation. The surface topography was determined by AFM which indicate that surface roughness and rms roughness were increased by the increasing of substrate temperature. The optical energy gap was determined and its value lies between (2.4-2.5) eV.

In the present work, Pb(Zr(1-x)Tix) ceramics (x = 0.50, 0.48, 0.45 and 0.42) were prepared using the solid state reaction method, at the sintaring temperature (1100 oC ) for (6hr).X-ray diffraction results demonstrate that all the samples lie within the morphtropic phase boundary (MPB) region in the pure perovskite tetragonal structure with Miller transactions (100), (110), (111), (200), (210), (211), (220), (103) and (311) that the prevailing trend is (110) and the results of plasticity microwave very close sense of distance intra-convergent also relatively few crystalline defects. Increasing the bulk density of the true density of altered concentration of zirconium and titanium. Results of the examination microscope also showed that the particle size (Dnm) be tight between the samples and the homogeneity of the granules, as well as increasing the homogeneity of compositional structure, causing an improvement in the structural and electrical properties. Shown technique results EDAX compound of the interacting elements of the composition and there is little difference between the real weight and the weight is noticeable. The temperature and concentration of titanium dependences of the dielectric constant of the ceramics has been investigated in detail. Excellent dielectric properties have been obtained for the selected compositions. Polarization-Elctric field hysteresis studies were carried out for all compositions at room temperature. It was found that with the increase of concentration of titanium content in the composition the remnant polarization decreases and ferroelectric loops get constricted.

In this paper we calculate the total stopping power (collision and radiative) for positrons within the range of energies (0.02 – 50) MeV for two elements (carbon and silver), also we calculate continuous slowing down range (CSDA) for the same elements by using P. Bal etal. formula in the energy range (5-1000) MeV. The results were compared with the data of ICRU which shows a good agreement.

The powder of Mn-Zn ferrite having the chemical formula Mn(1-x)ZnxFe2O4 where x varies from 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, and 0.5 were synthesized by solid state Reaction method. The X-Ray Diffraction studies confirm the formation of spinel cubic structure. The particle size was calculated by X-ray broadening studies. Also the structural parameters like Lattice Constant, X-ray density, bulk density (d), Porosity (P), ionic radius (Ra , Rb) and anion parameter or the oxygen positional parameter for all the samples. The micro structural features of the samples were obtained using a Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The magnetic properties of Mn(1-x)ZnxFe2O4 ferrites were strongly affected by the Zn content. The saturation magnetization increased. It may be due to relatively high orbital contribution of Mn2+ ions to magnetic moment, which gives large induced anisotropy.

Inhalation of radon (222Rn) and daughter products are a major source of natural radiation exposure. Measurement of indoor radon concentrations were performed in the two hundred rooms for the 25 apartments in Erbil city by using long term technique (CR-39 SSNTDs) for 90 days exposure time and short term technique (radon monitor) for 2 hours exposure time. The higher value of average indoor radon concentration for long and short term techniques was found in Office rooms 56.72±14.72 Bq/m3 and 48.64±12.52 Bq/m3, respectively and lower value was found in Drawing rooms 42.11±10.82 Bq/m3 and 34.45±8.66 Bq/m3, respectively. The mean annual estimated effective dose was received by the residents of the studied area was 1.14 mSv. The highest indoor radon concentrations was found in ground floor for all apartment comport with the first, second and third floors. The rate indoor radon concentration in different type rooms depended of the ventilation rate and the age of the building.

Abstract
Undoped and Al-doped SnO2 thin films have been prepared by sol–gel spin coating process on glass substrate for different doping (0, 2.5 ,5 ,7.5,10)% The starting precursor was used as tin chloride dihydrate (SnCl2.2H2O), ethanol , with and without stabilizer. As annealing in a temperature 500°C for one hours, the results of (X-Ray ) diffraction showed that the films have a Polycrystalline structure and increased intensity when use stabilizer and orientation was (020) with lattice constants (a=4.796, b=5.796, c= 5.193) Å.
The surface morphology of the (SnO2: Al) thin films have been studied using atomic force microscopy (AFM) which indicated that the grown films showed good crystalline and homogeneous surface. The Root Mean Square (RMS) values and surface roughness of the films increased with increasing doped concentration specify when use stabilizer.

Abstract
In this pap, we investigate the distribution of zeros for the solution of linear Homogeneous Differential Equations (LHDE) in the semi-critical intervals ,for the boundary value problems. The method used in this paper is different from [1-3] in which the authors used geometric approach to distribute the zeros of the solutions of LHDE. We used an analytic approach. Moreover we stated the relation between semi-critical intervals for the boundary value problems .

The aim of this paper, is to study electrical cardiography problem. Thus, we construct the state space system of this model as mathematical model. Moreover, we present some definitions and results which is described some concepts of linear control system analysis related to this problem. More precisely, the sufficient conditions which characterize the observability notion of linear dynamical controlled system are presented and discussed. Finally, we prove that, the electrical cardiography model is completely observable system over finite time tϵ [0,T].

Abstract:
In this paper, we developing new quasi-Newton method for solving unconstrained optimization problems .The nonlinear Quasi-newton methods is widely used in unconstrained optimization[1]. However,. We consider once quasi-Newton which is (Pearson-two) update formula [2], namely, Partial P2. Most of quasi-Newton methods don't always generate a descent search directions, so the descent or sufficient descent condition is usually assumed in the analysis and implementations [3] . Descent property for the suggested method is proved. Finally, the numerical results show that the new method is also very efficient for general unconstrained optimizations [4].

In this paper we introduces the ideal on supra topological space and we shall discuss the properties of this space. In this space we introduces two operators ( )*^μ and ψ_μ . A generalized set has also been introduced in this space ( )*^μ and ψ_μ .
A generalized set has also been introduced in this space with the help of ψ_μ operator

In this paper we generalize the Fuglede-Putnam theorem to non-normal operators to posinormal operator and co-posinormal operators. Also we prove this theorem to supra class posinormal operators (called supraposinormal operator) and co-supra class posinormal operators (called cosupraposinormal operator).

In this paper a new three–term Conjugate Gradient (CG) method is suggested, the derivation of the method based on the descent property and conjugacy condition, the global convergence property is analyzed; numerical results indicate that the new proposed CG-method is well compared against other similar CG-methods in this field.