Univesity of Thi-Qar Journal

Background: Refractive error is consider as one of the main health problems ‎of concern, that has real burden on community institutions and individuals ‎
‎ Aim: The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence and subtypes of ‎refractive errors in students want to be enrolled in the universities and ‎institutions after completing of their secondary graduation,‎
Methodology: A cross sectional analytical comparative study including a ‎total of 4322 students attending the pre-enrollment fitness clinic in public ‎health care center ,extended all over the last four months of the 2016; where ‎routine medical examination before university enrollment underwent visual ‎screening including uncorrected visual acuity, color vision, in addition to a ‎slit-lamp examination. Students with a visual acuity of 6/9 or less in either ‎eye undergo objective refraction and subjective verification to determine the ‎best-corrected visual acuity. ‎
‎ Results: A total of 4322 students were enrolled in this study,2030 males ‎and 2292 females ; refractive error was found in. (35.8%) students, Myopia ‎was the main type of refractive error Astigmatism then Hypermetropia ‎‎(24.2%, 11.5%, 1.1%) respectively. Age , sex, address, average of suxcess ‎and number of hours of using electronic devices was the main significant ‎independent variables for the error of refraction occurance.‎
Conclusion: Refractive error is a one of the common causes of visual ‎impairment among the group of adolescents want to be enrolled for ‎university education in different universities. The study enabled to ‎understand trends of refractive error in Thiqarian students and demonstrated ‎the importance of vision screening in providing timely eye care and ‎identifying visually disabled secondary school students. Myopia is ‎particularly more prevalent than that reported in other regions so early ‎detection and correction is essential to avoid ametropic amblyopia‎

Otitis media is a common worldwide health care problem infects peoples at ‎different ages, Pseudomonas aeruginosa is the most frequent causative ‎agent responsible for the disease with high ability to resists antibiotics. The ‎study aimed to compare the developments of antibiotic resistance among ‎Pseudomonas. aeruginosa through some years. The study including (77) ‎specimens were positive for P. aeruginosa collected in Al-Habobi teaching ‎hospital in Al-Nasiriyah city/South of Iraq through the periods from 2015 to ‎‎2020, antibiotic susceptibility test was done by disc diffusion technique. The ‎results revealed no significances in the infections between two genders, But ‎the isolates showed high significant differences ( p value ≤ 0.001) according ‎to years and the Amikacin is the most effective antibiotic against this ‎bacteria (64.9%). In brief, The study showed no differences in antibiotic ‎susceptibility of P. aeruginosa in the years of study with high resistance for ‎several antibiotics and the Amikacin was most effective antibiotic against P. ‎aeruginosa isolates causing otitis media‎

An epileptic seizure is a type of seizure that occurs Because of the ‎disruption of electrical signals in brain cells, it is a neurological ailment or ‎problem that happens in brain cells. Epilepsy may be evaluated using ‎electrical impulses from the brain (electroencephalogram), which are ‎indicated by EEG, and the number of people with these disorders is roughly ‎‎1% worldwide [1]. Epilepsy can be studied using electrical impulses in the ‎brain (electroencephalogram). Following the acquisition of EEG data, they ‎are evaluated and divided into two categories: normal and abnormal ‎‎(indicating an epileptic seizure). The EEG signals provided by the MIT BIH ‎Dataset will be used in this work. The features will be extracted from the ‎signals using the DWT method on the input EEG signals, and two separate ‎algorithms (KNN and ANN) will be used to categorize the derived features ‎into two different groups, depending on whether the input signal contains an ‎epileptic seizure or not. Following the above method, two types of EEG are ‎expected to be obtained using classification, either Normal (refers to normal ‎brain activity) or Abnormal (refers to the active of brain is non-normal, ‎maybe contain the epilepsy. The method will be evaluated using four ‎matrices (precision, recall, and accuracy), as well as the implementation ‎time. In this study, two methods were used: the first was DWT with KNN, ‎and the second was DWT with ANN. Depending on the values of the three ‎parameters and the time required for implementation. The second method ‎proved to be superior that first method because the obtained results of ‎second method were more accurate.‎

Geometry optimization for pure transition metals structures‏ ‏‎〖Au〗_8,〖Au〗_9,Y_6,Y_8 and alkali-transition metals structures 〖Au〗_8 Li,〖Au〗_9 Li, ‎‎ Y_6 Ca,Y_8 Ca at B3LYP level, LaNL2DZ basis sets has been investigated by using ‎Density Functional Theory (DFT) throughout Gaussian09 package. Electrostatic ‎potential,‎‏ ‏contours, infrared spectra (IR) , HOMO LUMO energies, band gap, electronic ‎energy, binding energy symmetry and density of states (DOS) have been achieved for ‎all 〖Au〗_8,〖Au〗_9,Y_6,Y_8,〖Au〗_8 Li,〖Au〗_9 Li,Y_6 Ca and Y_8 Ca. The ‎energy gap for Y_8 approximately equal to the energy gap of Gallium arsenide (GaAs), ‎this value of energy gap is in the range of values of band gaps of semiconductors, one ‎can say like this sample of nanocluster (Y_8) play a vital rule in manufacturing of pieces ‎of electronic devices such as transistors of processors in computers. The dipole moment ‎of ‎‏ ‏‎〖Au〗_8 and Y_6 are approximately zero values because they are homonuclear ‎geometries, ‎
adding Lithium to Gold surfaces make the values of dipole moment increase ‎dramatically, this distinct values results from they are hetronuclear structures, Diagrams ‎of density of states give clear picture about the vacant orbitals that the electrons can ‎occupy, one can visualize the interaction between gold surface and Lithium atom make ‎the new structure 〖(Au〗_8 Li) possess the antiferromagnetic property, otherwise ‎addition of Lithium atom to the Golden surface 〖Au〗_9 make it loses the ‎antiferromagnetic property.‎