Tikrit Journal of Pure Science

From 1st Jan2009 to31th of Dec 2009 a total of 1406 women sera with abortions and outcomes of congenital abnormalities in Kirkuk city were screened for infections like Chlamydia trachomatis, Toxoplasma gondii and cytomegalovirus (CMV).These agents were determined in sera using commercial Elisa diagnostic kits.
Results of the study showed that CMV infection was more prevalent 39.74 % followed by Toxoplasmosis 16.37 %and Chlamydial infection 14.67 %.High rates of Toxoplasmosis and CMV were recorded among women aging from 15 to 25 year, while high of Chlamydial infection was recorded among women aging 26 to 35 years P<0.05. Sera of non-pregnant women reveal high rate of Chlamydial infection, while toxoplasmosis and CMV were exert in sera of pregnant women. High rates of IgM antibodies 8.33 %and 11.41 % were recorded with CMV and Chlamydia respectively compare to 3.84 % for toxoplasmosis ,P<0.05. Cross reactions rate among three microorganisms were detected in 29 sera with the rate 2.52 %, which divided in to 2.10 % for Chlamydia pulse Toxoplasma and 0.69 % for Chlamydia pulse CMV. Two serum samples show 0.54% of mixed IgM antibodies of Chlamydia, toxoplasma, CMV and rubella, the rate was 0.14 %.
Conclusion: The present study demonstrates a strong association between the infectious agents (Chlamydia, Toxoplasma and CMV) and women abortion and congenital outcomes. It is therefore recommended that all antenatal cases with such history should be routinely screened for these agents. Chlamydia IgM test should be added to preventive tests prior to marriage and parallel to toxoplasma test, CMV and rubella during screening for women abortion and congenital anomalies.

The current investigation aimed to evaluate the role of Punica granatum juice extract to reduce nephrotoxic formation by amikacin in male and female albino rabbits by measuring some criteria for biochemical functions, such as creatinine, urea, albumin, total protein. Given amikacin (80mg/ kg) daily by injection in muscle for period of 15 days caused a significant increase at the level of (p ≤ 0.05)in the concentration of creatinine, and urea in the serum compared with the group control, while decreased the concentration of albumin and total protein significantly compared with the control group. The rabbits given orally total dose of 100ml several time of amikacin daily pomegranate juice, a concentration of 40%, concomitantly with the injection in muscle at aldose of (80) mg/kg/day) has recorded a significant decrease in the concentrations of creatinine and urea compared with the group of rabbits treated with amikacin only, and increased significantly the albumin and total protein compared with the control group treated with amikacin only.

were examined sample 30 patients (male 19 and female 11) suspected clinically infected with tb and using RT-PCR the sample from sputum and ICT Assay from blood plasma were ratios 36%, 13% respectively. and test values were Chi square from diagnose tb from sputum by RT-PCR for female 3.798n.s, P-Value 0.0571 and male were Chi square 3.185n.s , P-Value0.00714 non significant difference among females and male but the value of male closer to significant. test values were chi square from diagnose tb from blood plasma by ICT for female 3.157n.s, P-Value 0.1782 and male were chi square 1. 831n.s , P-Value 0.381 non significant difference among females and male but the value of female closer to significant. diagnose tb from urine by RT-PCR dose not appear any result. Results showed despite the lack of significant differences between the ways studied but the RT-PCR offers a way sensitive, efficient and accurate for the diagnosis and determine tb infection especially from sputum and followed ICT test less efficient and indexation DNA of tb from urin by RT-PCR is non efficient .

The early identification of some clinically significant hemoglobinopathies and precise differentiation of hemoglobin variants are important to provide early comprehensive medical care to prevent some serious complications, assess prognosis and offer genetic counseling.
This study examined the prevalence of α 2 - gene deletion in neonates in Samarra and Tikrit, Iraq. Screening study was carried out by examining fresh blood samples obtained from excised umbilical cord of 42 neonates born in neonates clinics in Samarra hospital and Tikrit hospital from October 2012 to March 2013. Hemoglobin electrophoresis were performed using Hellabio hemoglobin electrophoresis kit (He 10) and Hellabioscan system for detection of Hb bands and value % of fractions.
The results showed 40 cases out of 42 (95.24%) have normal hemoglobin components. 2 cases out of 42 (4.76%) there was no visible band of HbA2 in hemoglobin electrophoresis pattern. Considering the missing of HbA2 band the two cases may have the deletion of δ gene so each one of them may has the genotype δ0/δ0

The present study included detection of infection with Blastocystis hominis in Sammara city / Salah Al-Deen province , from April 2014 until April 2015. 264 stool samples were collected from children less than 15 years old which attending the General hospital and some medical laboratories in the city. Microscopic examination by using trichrome stain was used to detected this parasite. By using trichrome stain, cyst and vacuolar forms the only stages had been distinguished. The results of study revealed the rate of infection was (15.15%) by using microscopic examination. Epidemiological survey demonstrated there is no significant differences between male and female and more frequently infected at the (6-10) years age group (21.9%) and (13.33%). Also the higher rate of infection was during Spring, and the lower rate was in Autumn. Single infection with B.hominis was (9.09%), but the mixed infection with the other parasite was (3.78%) with E. histolytica and (2.27%) with G. lamblia. Diarrhea was the distinguish sign with infection children

A total of 50 Staphylococcus aureus isolates were identified from burn , otitis media, wound and urine infection from patient admitted to the central lab and internal lab of teaching hospital and Rizgary hospital in Erbil city during the period 10thNovember 2011 to 30th March 2012. All the isolate identified according to Microscopical, cultural and biochemical tests. S. aureus tested for antibiotics susceptibility test using agar diffusion method .The antibiotics susceptibility testing showed that 49(98%) , 48(96%), 48(94%), 9(18%),8(10%), 7(14%), and 4(8%), were resistant to chloramphenicol , Amikacin, ampicillin, Vancomycin ,Cefotaxime, Cefazolin ,and ceftriaxone but all the isolates were sensitive to amoxicillin. Also the results showed that isolate no.38 was resistant to seven antibiotics under study which contain five plasmids with molecular weight more than 10 kbp. The results also revealed that 5(10%), 25(50%), and 20(40%) of S.aureus were reported to produce alpha, beta, gamma hemolysis respectively. Results of plasmid curing experiments revealed that elevated temperature at 46oC were completely remove the plasmid that harbor antibiotic resistance gene for the antibiotic understudy while for bleomycin at 50µg/ml had lower effect. The antibacterial activity of aqueous and alcoholic extract of flowers and leaves of the Alcea arebelensis was studied against some resistant isolates of S. aureus, the results showed the inhibitory effect of plant extracts against selected isolates except the alcohol leaf extract which showed no inhibitory activity against all studied bacterial isolates.

The season is an important factor determine the efficacy of the sexual activity of the adult males of different
animal species, in this study, Sixteen adult male rabbit of local breed were used to investigate the effect of the
different seasons of the year on the histology of the testicular tissue, particularly the leydig cells. Four animals
were killed in each season and segments of testes processed by using histological technique. The results were
indicated that the seasons winter and summer affect the seminiferous tubules reflected by subpopulation of
different germ cells such as spermatogonia, primary and secondary spermatocytes, spermatids and spermatozoa.
Leydig cells were atrophied with deeply basophilic nuclei associated with poorly blood capillaries in between,
otherwise the seasons spring and autumn effect on the same germ cells and leydig cells, but in this case there was
increase in the population of germ cells in the seminiferous tubules and the leydig cells were hypertrophied with
the presence of cytoplasmic fat droplets and its nuclei were euochromatic, The blood capillaries in between these
cells were abundant, these events indicated the increase activity of testicular tissue in both seasons, the (spring
and autumn), While in winter and summer, this phenomena was contra versa. The present study was indicated
that the spring and autumn seasons are the best for the progressed activity of the leydig cells and germ cells of
the testicular tissue of the adult rabbit than the winter and summer seasons.

Two plants species were used to study the uptake of heavy metals by plants; these were Lolium perenne and
Cock's Foot. The species were grown in Hoagland's solution with double concentration of phosphate for one
week; the roots species were cut and grown in Hoagland's solution without phosphate to prevent precipitation of
any metal phosphate. Four experiments were run with a composite rotatable design with three variables and at
five levels (-1.68,-1,o,+1,+1.68) was used. The metals were added as metal nitrate to Hoagland's solution in
which the plants are grown on a logarithmic scale and after one week of grown the roots and shoots of plant were
cut and digested with concentrated nitric acid and examined for metals by atomic absorption spectrophotometer.
This research proved that some elements increased the absorption of other elements in growth solution to the
shoot through root while other elements interfere the absorption phenomena for example zinc effects on
absorption of copper

In this work focused on preparing novel nanocompound Reduce graphene-oxadiazole-2-thiol (RGS), is a
derivative of graphene, Which was obtained through a series of reactions on graphene oxide (GO). Incorporating
(RGS) in PVA via non-covalent afforded RGS/PVA composites with different weight of RGS. the RGS/PVA
composite and pure PVA were identified by different techniques, FTIR measurements, The scanning electron
microscope (SEM), powder x-ray diffraction. The electrical properties of the RGS/PVA composite was
investigated. These properties include dielectric constant, permittivity(ε'), imaginary permittivity(ε"),
conductivity (????Ac) and loss factor (tan δ). The measurements were performed at frequencies (5000Hz-1MHz) at
room temperature

In this work focused on preparing Nickel Ferrite NiFe2O4 Nanoparticles (NFNPs) which prepared by Sol-Gel
Auto-Combustion Method. Incorporating (NFNPs) in PVA afforded NFNPs/PVA composites with different
weight of NFNPs. the NFNPs /PVA composite and pure PVA were identified by different techniques, FTIR
measurements, The scanning electron microscope (SEM), and powder x-ray diffraction. The electrical properties
of the NFNPs/PVA composite was investigated. These properties include dielectric constant, permittivity(ε'),
imaginary permittivity(ε"), conductivity (????Ac) and loss factor (tan δ). The measurements were performed at
frequencies (5000Hz-1MHz) at room temperature.

Zinc Sulphide nanoparticles (NPs) has been prepared from raw material by microwave method. ZnS NPs were
characterized by X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), The size of ZnS NPs were
about (3.15nm) calculated from the Scherer formula from the most intense XRD peak, The calculated product
for ZnS was about 94.4%.Zn2+-selective electrode based on poly vinyl chloride (PVC) was prepared by using
ZnS Nanoparticles (NPs) powders and di-butyl phthalate, and were compared The analytical specifications of
ZnS NPs and ZnS Microparticles (Non- NPs ) electrode. ZnS NPs electrode and ZnS Non- NPs electrode give
linear range upon (10-5-10-2)M and (10-4-10-2)M, Nernstain slope of (30.35 mV/decade) and (30.84 mV/decade),
correlation coefficient of (0.9999) and (0.9995), detection limit of (1.733x10-7)M and (2.486x10-6)M,
quantitative limit of (5.77x10-7)M and (7.07x10-6)M, the response time of (9-39) second and (13-36) second,
respectively. The lifetime for each electrode was 15 days. The optimum conditions for each electrode were (5-7),
(20- n -4) M for pH, temperature and concentration of filling solution respectively. The selectivity of
electrodes were measured using mixed solutions method, the results showed that the selectivity coefficient
values for all interferences ions are less than one.

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality among patients with diabetes
mellitus (DM). DM can lead to multiple cardiovascular complications, including coronary artery disease (CAD),
cardiac hypertrophy, and heart failure (HF). HF represents one of the most common causes of death in patients
with DM and results from DM-induced CAD and diabetic cardiomyopathy. selenium concentration and tryptase
activity were obtained from 52 samples: 30 sample with cardiovascular and diabetic patients, and 22 normal
healthy. A highly significant decrease (p<0.0001) in the levels of selenium, and a significant increase (p<0.05)
in the levels of tryptase in serum of patients with cardiovascular and diabetic patients compared with normal
individuals. selenium concentration was affected by cardiovascular and diabetic patients and tryptase has higher
diagnostic validity values in the current study

Synthesis of complexes of Cobalt(II), Nickel(II) and Copper(II) with the ligand [(2-(4-Isobutyl-phenyl)-
propionic acid N'-{(4-isobutyl-phenyl)-propionyl}-hydrazide] (LH) have been prepared and characterized by,
atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS), Infrared spectra, electronic spectra, molar conductivity
measurements and magnetic moment measurements; It has been found that the ligand behaves as a neutral
bidentate, Ligand forming chelates with 1:2 (metal: ligand), octahedral structure is suggested in Co(II) and Ni(II)
complexes and square planer in Cu(II) complexes according to the analytical results

Background: Obesity is characterized by abnormal or excessive fat accumulation that is the result of a chronic
imbalance between energy intake and energy expenditure. Thyroid hormones have profound effect on many
physiological processes, such as development, growth in children and metabolism. Thyroid hormones stimulate
diverse metabolic activates in most tissues, leading to an increase in basal metabolic rate. Trace elements are
essential nutrients with regulatory, immunologic, and antioxidant functions resulting from their action as
essential components or cofactors of enzymes throughout metabolism.
Methods: In this study conducted on 176 individuals in the age group from (20-55) years, from Tikrit and
Kirkuk Governorates. Blood samples were divided into three groups according to BMI: Group One: Control
group (Normal Weight): 66 individual BMI (18.5 - 24.9 kg/m2). Group Two: Overweight group: 50 individual
BMI (25.0 – 29.9 kg/m2).Group Three: Obese group: 60 individual BMI (≥ 30 kg/m2).
Results: The results showed a high significant increase (p<0.0001) in the BMI level in obese and overweight
groups comparison with normal weight group. The results showed a significant decrease (p<0.001) in (T3 and
T4) hormones levels in obese and overweight groups comparison with normal weight group. While the results
showed a high significant increase (p<0.0001) in the TSH levels in obese and overweight groups comparison
with normal weight group, the results showed a significant decrease (p<0.001) in the Zn concentration in obese
and overweight groups comparison with normal weight group, the results showed a high significant decrease
(p<0.0001) in the Mg concentration in obese and overweight groups comparison with normal weight group.
There is a high significant increase in the (cholesterol, TG, VLDL-c and LDL-c) levels in obese and overweight
groups comparison with normal weight group (p<0.0001), while the results showed a high significant decrease
(p<0.0001) in the HDL-c level in obese and overweight groups comparison with normal weight group. The
results showed that there was a significant positive correlation between T3 and T4.While there was a significant
negative correlation between T3 and LDL. There was a positive correlation between T4 and HDL. Whereas the
there was a significant negative correlation between T4 and LDL. There was a significant positive correlation
between TSH with Cholesterol, Triglyceride, LDL and VLDL. There was a significant negative correlation
between TSH with HDL, and Mg. Conclusions: The results of (thyroid hormones and lipid profile) indicated
highly associated with trace elements (Zn, Mg) levels and these correlations may be caused a risk of the obesity

A simple and sensitive spectrophotometric method was developed for the determination of Methyl Paraben via
oxidative coupling with the 2,4-Dinitrophynel hydrazine in the presence of N-bromosuccinimid in a basic
medium, Absorbance of the obtained coloured products was measured at the corresponding optimum
wavelengths (600 nm), Beer’s law is obeyed over the concentration of 2.0-20 μg.ml-1, and The molar
absorptivity of (6253 L.mole-1.cm-1), Sandell,s sensitity index of (0.02433 µg.cm-2). The detection limits were
(0.34 μg.ml-1), with a linear regression correlation coefficient of (0.9947) and recovery range from (98.96–
103%). The proposed method has been applied successfully to determine Methyl Paraben in pharmaceutical
preparations and cosmetic formulations.

Thiocarbohydrazide (TCH) derivatives [(II), (III) and (IV)] were prepared and characterized by X-RAY
diffraction (XRD), infra-red spectrum (FTIR). Also silver nanoparticles was prepared by chemical reduction and
characterized by X-RAY diffraction (XRD), infra-red spectrum (FTIR), atomic force microscope (AFM) and
scanning electron microscope (SEM). Thiocarbohydrazide derivatives were functionalized with silver
nanoparticles by sonication. The pure and functionalized TCH derivatives were used to study the biological
activity against Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. The functionalized compounds with Ag nanoparticles have more
Inhibition effect against Staphylococcus aureus than unfunctionalized compounds due to the small size and high
surface area of Ag nanoparticles.

In this work, the cationic surfactant hexacetyl pridinium chloride (HCPC) was blended with anionic surfactant
Sodium Dodecyl benzene Sulfate (SDBS) by using different concentrations (0.0025 - 0.1M) of phenol and at
temperature ranges (20-35 Co). It was found that the viscosity values for the mixture of SDBS / HCPC at a
certain mixing ratios (12/3, 10.5/4.5 and 9/6), were increased in the presence of phenol, due to formation of selfassembled supramolecular. Moreover, the thermodynamic functions as well as the activation energy for the
process of self-assembled were calculated. Conductivity measurements were also performed for further support.
The results revealed a physical interaction insight intermolecular forces.

Hydrogeochemical study and identify the origin of water wells were curried out in the region surrounding of
Ramadie city in Al-Anbar province, Iraq. Results of the study showed that the groundwater in the study area
mostly is very hard and alkaline nature as hardness values ranged 324.2 to 1763.5 and as pH values ranged 7.12
to 7.81 respectively. It has conducted a test of accuracy of the chemical analysis for collected water samples and
shows it's very accurate and within the permissible limits and reliable in the chemical interpretation. In the
present study "Piper diagram" have been used for manipulating analytical data to estimate the chemical type of
groundwater in the study area. Depending on this diagram the groundwater in the study area is considerably
dominated by Sulfate type and four hydrochemical facies of water have been detected. These facies are "Na+-
SO42- ", "Na+- Cl- "," Mg2+- SO42- " and " Ca2+- SO42- ". To decide the groundwater origin of hydrochemical
functions such as rCa / rCl rMg / rCl, rNa / rCl, rK / rCl, and rSO4 / rCl in the studied water samples have been
calculated and compared with the standard values of the seas and oceans waters. The result shows that the origin
of the water in the study area is infiltrated meteoric

The study of six selected wells from Kirkuk oil field petrographic and physical properties ; investigation while
leads to interpret the microfacies and environment for Bajawan and Baba Formations. Five carbonate
microfacies distingished from Bajawan Formation ( Lime Mudstone Microfacies, Fossiliferous Lime Wackstone
Microfacies, Miliolid Packstone Microfacies, Miliolid Grainstone Microfacies and Coral, Boundstone
microfacies ), while Two microfacies described from Baba Formation (Limestone bearing Larger foraminifera
(Lepidocylina- Nummulites) packstone-wackstone microfacies and Fossiliferous Floatstone bearing Larger
Foraminifera microfacies ).
According to different types of microfacies that described from Bajwan and Baba Formations , the depositional
environment of Bajawan Formation is backreef/reef or restricted lagoon (inner ramp), but for Baba Formation
is shallow water forereef (middle ramp). The facies model were constructed on basis of stratigraphy, lateral and
vertical facies change and depositional environment of Oligocene succession.

In this paper, a theoretical study of calculating Compton profiles(CPs) for β-Zr using the renormalized-free-atom
model and free electron model for different configurations (4d3-x-5s1+x),where (x= 0.1 to 1 step 0.1) is presented
.The theoretical results and previously experimental data show good agreement and the best electronic
configuration found was (4d2.8-5s1.2 ). The cohesive energy of β-Zr is computed by using theoretical Compton
profile data and compared with available data. The band structure and density of state of (β-Zr and -Zr) phases
are determined from density functional theory (DFT) with use Quantum wise Atomistix Tool Kit (ATK),Virtual
Nano Lab calculations within the framework of the local density approximation (LDA).

In this paper were prepared Magnesium – Zinc ferrites having the chemical formula (Mg1-xZnxFe2O4) ,(X=0.0,
0.4 and 0.6) were prepared by using chemical precipitation method and these samples were annealing at 700ºC
for (3hr). Then the structural and physical properties have been measured for the samples prepared. XRD
analysis showed that all the samples having face-centered cubic (FCC) structure and is miller indices
(220),(331),(222) (400),(422),(511),(440) The Lattice constant (a) increased with the Zinc concentration (8.36 ـــ
8.67 ºA) increase and also increasing of the homogeneous surface structure caused best in the physical
properties, while the Microscope examinations showed that the average roughness surface and Grain size (Dnm)
were decreasing with the increase in Zn-concentration

Abstract
The preparation of Ni-Cd ferrite having the chemical formula Ni(1-x)CdxFe2O4 where x varies from 0, 0.1, 0.2,
0.3, 0.4, and 0.5 were synthesized by solid state reaction method. The X-ray analysis shows the existence of
single phase spinel structure with increase of lattice parameter and density with increasing Cd contents were as
the porosity decreases. The particle size was calculated by X-ray broadening studies. The Vickers hardness of
Ni-Cd ferrite system variation between 532 to 568.6. The increase in hardness of composites results from
increased Cd-content. The Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) showed that the average grain size was increases
with the increase in Cd content. The variation of dielectric constant, loss tangent and AC conductivity as a
function of frequency in frequency range 100Hz-5MHz was studied. The dielectric constants decreases with
increasing frequency for all the samples and follow the Maxwell-Wagner's interfacial polarization. The Hall
coefficient was found to be positive. It demonstrates that the majority of charge carriers of p-type. The magnetic
properties of Ni(1-x)CdxFe2O4 ferrites were strongly affected by the Cd content. The Mossbaure spectra show
canted spin structure for all the samples.

The current study aims to build a mathematical model in order to assist the researchers to calculate the uranium
concentrations in urine samples for labors in factories whom spend several years of work. So a new
mathematical model is constructed by several parameters. The proposed mathematical model covers samples for
labors who are working in many factories in selected locations in Iraq and whom might be exposed to the
radiation materials in their works, depending on the period of works. Our calculated values have shown
conformity with the experimental data of other researchers

The security nowadays considered as significant topic specifically in design smart home. This paper is dedicated
on an authentication problem in design smart door lock authentication using string matching technique based on
password string.
This work contains two main parts, Android application (remote control) and control circuit using Arduino
UNO, plus the communication medium based on Bluetooth technology which is used to send and receive
information and commands in this work.
The main purpose of design smart door lock, using Jaro Winkler algorithm is to compare the registered password
security with each entered password which may contain some wrong or swapped characters. The results show
more strength authentication for access in real-time.

Defuzzification unit combines fuzzy variables and fuzzy decisions to form a corresponding real (crisp or nonfuzzy) signal which can be used then to actuate some processes. Since the fuzzy data cannot be used directly for
the real time applications, therefore it has to be converted into a crisp value. In designing the defuzzification unit
in this work, the center of largest area has been used, because of its computationally efficient nature. The Center
of Largest Area (COLA) of defuzzification is simple and is being generally used in comparison with more
complex center of sums defuzzification method. The proposed architecture has been modeled in Very High
Description Language (VHDL) and implemented in XILINX and Spartan field programmable gate arrays
(FPGA).The proposed architecture is more efficient in area and the speed of operation in comparison with more
complex architecture used for the Center of sums. The functional analysis has revealed that the proposed
architecture is implementing COLA based defuzzifier efficiently and accurately.

Today, the subject of emotion recognition from speech got the attention of many researchers who are interested
in the topic of speech recognition and it has engaged in many applications. Furthermore, Speech Emotion
Recognition (SER) a pivotal part of influential human interaction and it has been a modern challenge to speech
processing. SER has two basic phases; which are, features extraction and emotion classification.
This paper presents a comparison in performances of two popular techniques used for classification that
Artificial Neural Network (ANN) as well as Support Vector Machine (SVM). Furthermore, gives a view on the
collection of corpus, feature extraction techniques and classification methods, which are regarding to emotion
detection from wave speech signal.

In this paper, we have introduced two subclasses and of meromorphically pvalent functions with positive and negative coefficients, defined by differential operator in the punctured unit
disk { } { } and obtain some sharp results including coefficient inequality,
distortion theorem, radii of starlikeness and convexity, closure theorems of these subclasses of meromorphically
p-valent functions. We also derive some interesting results for the Hadamard products of functions belonging to
the classes and .

The nonlinear Quasi-newton methods is widely used in unconstrained optimization. However, In this paper, we
developing new quasi-Newton method for solving unconstrained optimization problems. We consider once
quasi-Newton which is (DFP) update formula, namely, Partial DFP. Most of quasi-Newton methods don't
always generate a descent search directions, so the descent or sufficient descent condition is usually assumed in
the analysis and implementations . Descent property for the suggested method is proved. Finally, the numerical
results show that the new method is also very efficient for general unconstrained optimizations

The aim of this paper is to calculate the Traveling waves solutions by using a new technique which is called
modified tanh-function method, which are successfully performed to get analytical solutions for KortewegdeVries (KdV)–Burgers’ equation and (2+1)-dimensional Calogero–Bogoyavlenskii–Schiff (CBS) equation. As
a result, when the equation parameters are taken as special values, some new solitary wave solution are obtained.
Moreover we find in this work that the modified tanh-function method give some new results which are easier
and faster to compute by the help of a symbolic computation system. The results obtained were compared with
standard tanh-function method.

Let R be a commutative ring with identity and M be a unitary R-module. In this paper we introduce the concept
Quasi-essentially pseudo-prime module as a generalization of a prime module and give of examples,
characterizations and some basic properties of this concept. Further more we study the relationships of Quasiessentially pseudo-prime modules with some classes of modules