Tikrit Journal of Pure Science

This study was conducted at the slaughterhouses of Koya / Erbil governorate from (January to December 2013) on 15919 slaughtered ruminants to investigate hydatid cysts, necrosis, fascioliasis, pneumonia, and its frequency. The results showed height significant differences (P<0.01) between different months and between different infections in both sheep and cattle liver, while the differences were insignificant in goats, whereas the differences were significant regarding lung infections in sheep, goats and cattle. The highest percentage of liver hydatid cyst was recorded in sheep especially in February (6.54%) followed by cattle in March (2.17%) and goat in September (0.22%). The highest percentage of liver necrosis was recorded in sheep especially in October (3.43%) followed by cattle in June (1.46%) and goat in July (0.26%). The highest percentage of liver fascioliasis was record in cattle especially in June (2.30%) followed by sheep in March (0.98%) but the goat had no infection throughout the year. The highest percentage of lung hydatid cyst was record in sheep followed by cattle especially in November (17.54 and 10.17%) respectively, followed by goat in September (0.22%). These records was continue for pneumonia, as highest percentage was recorded in sheep then cattle in October (19.71 and 10.22%) followed by goat in February (2.38%).

Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) is among the most community infections worldwide. Host factors such as patients age and gender may influence the prevalence of the infection. In this study a total of 186 urine samples from patients) 1–79 years( whom attended Azady Teaching Hospital at Kirkuk province, for UTIs disorders, were examined microscopically and cultured on suitable medias .The age group which were significantly more infected was 20 – 40 years with rate 21.1-34.9 %. The most common bacteria was Escherichia coli with rate of 60.3, 42.3% for each of females and males respectively. Followed by Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Among 13 antibiotics used for sensitivity test S. aureus and K. pneumonia were more resistance comparing with other bacteria, they were resistant to 6 antibiotics, followed by Streptococcus sp. which was resistant for five antibiotics. Proteus mirabilis was resistant for four antibiotics, each of E. coli, P. aeruginosa and Serratia sp. were resistant for only three antibiotics. The majority of isolates were sensitive to tobramycin ceftizoxime and ntrofurantion, followed by chloramphenicol and ampcillin.whereas, high level resistance was seen to augmentin amoxicillin and nalidixic acid.
Pus, epithelia and R.B.C cells were more seen in samples infected with E. coli with rate of 80.3, 83.6, 45.9 % for each type of cells respectively, followed by S. aureus and P. aeruginosa. The most urine crystals was appeared in urine samples of patients infected with E. coli followed by P. aeruginosa K. pneumonia S. aureus. In urine samples with specific gravity 1.020 – 1.025 the most crystals seen was calcium oxalate followed by amorphus urate, calcium phosphate , while in urine samples with specific gravity 1.030 the only crystal seen was calcium carbonate . The PH of most urine samples were acidic (5.0 – 5.5, 6.0 – 6.5) with rate of 56.5, 43.5 % for each PH respectively. The PH of 70.5 % of the samples were acidic and 29.5% of them were 8.0 – 8.5. Calcium oxalate, amorphus urate and uric acid were seen in acidic urine samples, while in alkaline one calcium carbonate, calcium phosphate, triple phosphate and amorphus phosphate were seen.

Obesity is a well-known risk factor of metabolic complications and cardiovascular disease. Associations between anthropometric measurements and fat distribution and risk factors for cardiovascular disease have been demonstrated in several populations.
To study the association of various measures of body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), percentage of body fat (%BF), with leptin, Adiponectin, and paraoxonase. To study the association between leptin , adiponectin with Paraoxonase.
This study conducted from of February 2013 until March 2014, all individuals were randomly recruited from Kirkuk and Tikrit Governorate .Hormonal assay of leptin, adiponectin, Paraoxonase, and glucose. Blood samples collected from 220 individuals, and these samples were divided into three groups according to BMI. Group 1 (Normal Weight group n=80), Group 2 (Over Weight group, n=58), Group 3 (Obese group, n=62) .
The statistical analysis (students t-test) exhibited significant (P≥ 0.0001)elevation for leptin , paraoxonase, and glucose, while significant decrease in adiponectin in over weight and obese groups compared with normal weight groups.
The correlation coefficient (r) between Leptin and other parameters were calculated with regression plot showed a negative correlation with adiponectin, and paraoxonase in over weight and obese group. There was a positive correlation between adiponectin with paraoxonase, but a negative correlation with leptin, in over weight and obese group.
Conclusion: Adiponectin as hormone play an important role in the prevention of hyperlipidemia, and consequently atherosclerosis and its complications while Leptin act as atherosclerotic factors. The results indicated that adiponectin positively associated with paraoxonase while Leptin negatively correlated with paraoxonase.

This study was conducted in Tikrit Teaching Hospital to elevate the serum concentration of Interleukins 2, 6 and the specific activity of liver enzymes for the gallstone patients who undergo cholecystectomy.
This study included 120 patients (92 female and 28 male) aged between 15-65.
The results showed that there is a significant difference in the Interleukins 2, 6 levels before and after the surgery; also there were significantly differences (p≤ 0.01) in specific activity of liver enzyme of liver in male and female before and after cholecystectomy.

This study was conducted to find the change in blood sugar and electrolytes for the gallstone patients who undergo cholecystectomy (both type's laparoscopy and open laparotomy). Serum electrolytes included: sodium, potassium, and calcium. This study included 120 patients (92 female and 28 male), aged between (16-65).Two samples were taken from the patients (first sample pre cholecystectomy, and the second sample after 2 weeks of it.
The result showed Fasting blood sugar increased significantly (p≤ 0.05) in females group pre cholecystectomy comparing to after it, while there was no significant difference in males group. For serum electrolytes Results showed a high significant increase (p≤ 0.01) in sodium and potassium concentrations pre cholecystectomy comparing with their concentrations after it, while there was a high significant decrease in calcium concentrations (p≤ 0.01) before operative comparing to after it.
The aim of this study: is to study the concentration of serum glucose and electrolytes in gallstone patients and their effect pre and post cholecystectomy.

Leishmania parasites are the causal agents of leishmaniasis, a group of protozoan diseases transmitted to mammals, including human beings, by phlebotomine sandflies. In culture media (at 25-28̊C ,pH =7.2-7.4),leishmania parasites develop as motile promastigotes similar to those found in the sand fly midgut . Traditionally media available do not meet the requirement for the bulk cultivation of Leishmania parasites ,it requires fetal calf serum (FCS),that is very expensive and not easily available in the market. A number of studies have shown that the addition of 5-10 % normal human urine stimulates growth, leading to more rapid multiplication and a higher concentration of parasites .Urine from patients with bladder cancer were used in this study to determine the effect of Epidermal growth factor ( which is increased in level in this type of urine),and our study showed that proliferation indexes were significantly increased in the culture media supplemented with human urine from patients with bladder cancer, we undertook a detailed study of such an effect in old world Leishmania isolates causing cutaneous Leishmaniasis. We also found that urine with high percentage of EGF. Could be used as an alternative of fetal calf serum.

Human leishmaniasis is distributed worldwide, butmainly in the tropics and subtropics, with a prevalenceof 12 million cases and an approximate incidence of 0.5million cases of VL (visceral leishmaniasis) and 1.5 million cases of cutaneousleishmaniasis (CL) Leishmaniaspecies are intra‐cellularparasites invading monocytes, macrophages, and langerhans celland begin the differentiation process into amastigotes, the parasite form which persists in the host. Theirinfection in man induces both humoral andcellular immune responses, but the balanceof their expression varies with the type of the disease. To identify the profile of autoantibodies levels of patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis, this study showed that a significance changes of immunoglobulin levels as high level, especially in IgG and no significance value for elevation of IgM and IgA.

Infectious bursal disease virus infect wide range of poultry flocks across the word causing variable ranges of economic loses come from direct or indirect mortality through immune suppression by invading of B cell tissues, this study designed to show the effect of oral and ocular inoculated virus collected and processed from infected farms on bursa of fabricia, Thymus gland, bone marrow tissues with monitoring of virus antibody titer before and after age of inoculation (21 day old), the study showed different degrees of damage varies between tissues including degeneration, necrosis, congestion and edema, the study also showed that the maternal antibodies was high at the first day of hatching and the decrement of antibody titer happen directly after virus inoculation then increase in antibodies titer started gradually after two weeks of inoculation.

Objectives: To evaluate serum leptin levels in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients and to investigate its correlation with parameters of disease activity including DAS-28, C- reactive protein (CRP) and ESR.
Materials and Methods: This study included 60 rheumatoid arthritis patients attended Ibn-Sina and Al-Salam Teaching Hospitals during the period from December 2013 to June 2014. The study also included 30 apparently healthy individuals as a control group who were age, gender, and merely body mass index matched to rheumatoid arthritis patients. Full clinical assessment of the patients was conducted by consultant rheumatologists/physicians. A Questionnaire Form was completed and DAS-28 was calculated. Five milliliters of blood were collected from patients and controls, then centrifuged and the serum was separated and frozen as aliquots at -20 co until use. The sera were tested by enzyme linked immune-sorbent assay ( ELISA) for leptin.
Results: Serum leptin levels in RA patients in comparison to the control group were within normal range. Its value varied ranging between 0.7 to 7.5 ng/ml (in patients), and mean ± stander deviation in RA patients 2.1 ± 4.2 and in controls 3.13 ± 2.30. In RA patients, there was no correlations between serum leptin levels and DAS-28, CRP, ESR. Serum leptin levels positively correlated with body mass index (BMI) in both patient and control groups.
Conclusions: Circulating leptin level does not seem to reflect disease activity in rheumatoid arthritis since there is no correlation between its serum levels and parameters of disease activity namely DAS -28, CRP, ESR.

One hundred thirty patients undergoing chemotherapy for different types of cancer attending Tikrit Teaching Hospital from January 2013 to Augusto 2013 were enrolled in this study. Their age were range between “11-83 years old”. 68 blood samples and 62 sputum samples were collected in this study.
Candida spp. Infection was 14(20.5%) isolates from patients blood and 5(8.1%) isolates from patients sputum, were infections more in blood C.albicans 8(57.8%) , C.glabrata 3(21.4%) C.krusei 2(14.3%) and C.parasillosis while isolates from sputum were 3(60%) of C.albicans and C.glabrata 2(40%). The isolated were identified according morphological , Cultural and biochemical characteristic.
Fungal isolates in present study produced various virulence factors hemolysin and protease production were produced in C.albicans 8(72.8), 11(100%) respectively, while C.glabrata hemolysin production were 4(80%) and (40%) of protease production , while C.parasillosis isolate were produced protease and hemolysin. C.krusei were produce only hemolysin 1(50%).

This study was to evaluate and compare thyroid function tests and serum levels of ferritin in splenectomised and non-splenectomised β-thalassemic patients. This study is a case control study that was conducted in the Thalassemia Center in Ibn Al-Atheer Teaching Hospital in Nineveh Province/ Iraq during March-June 2014. Fifty patients of homozygous β-thalassemia major (TM) and twenty five apparently healthy controls were included in this study. The patients were divided into splenectomised and non-splenectomised patients (each 25 patients). Medical history and blood samples were collected from all participants and serum levels of Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), Thyroxine (T4), Free thyroxine (FT4), Triiodothyronie (T3), Free triiodothyronine (FT3), and ferritin in addition to body mass index (BMI) were measured.
There were significant decreases in BMI and serum FT4, while there were significant increases in serum TSH and ferritin in β-thalassemia major (in which 10% were diagnosed with hypothyroidism) in comparison with control participants. No significant differences were found between splenectomised and non-splenectomised patients in all parameters measured except a significant positive correlation between serum ferritin and TSH and a significant negative correlation between serum ferritin and T4 that reflects 16% hypothyroidism in splenectomised patients. In addition, significant increases were found in serum TSH and ferritin and a significant decrease in serum FT4 in splenectomised patients when compared with the control. Moreover, a comparison of non-splenectomised patients with control group showed no significant difference in all parameters measured except a significant increase in serum ferritin level. In conclusion, there were certain significant differences in thyroid function tests between β-thalassemia major patients and the controls, whereas there were no significant differences in the means of all studied parameters between splenectomised and non- splenectomised patients except for the positive significant correlation of serum ferritin with TSH level in splenectomised patients which reflect the hypothyroidism in splenectomised TM patients.

The aim of the present study was to observe the tissue changes that occur in motoneurons in the L6 and L7 segments of the ventral horn of the spinal cord in different age groups in rabbits. Fifteen Rabbits were divided into three groups of equal number according to their age (weaning, maturation, Adult). L6 and L7 were removed (after sacrifice the rabbits) from the spinal cord and slice histologically to be examined under light microscope. Comparison was made in diameters of neurons and their numbers in different age groups and the results showed a significant decrease in the number of motor neurons and a significant increase in diameters with advancing age.

Eighteen rabbit of local bread were classified into3 groups A, B, and C
Group A were 6 rabbits of age one year
Group B were 6 rabbits of age three year
Group C were 6 rabbits of age five year
The whole animals were accomidated for one month before the study, after that the whole animals were exposed to intensive dose of chloroform and then scarified to obtain the pituitary gland by doing anatomical technique EM processing technique. was done and finally the pituitary gland were examined at the anterior lobe ( pars distalis ) to demonstrate the somatotrophes and gonadotrophes ( FSH and LH ) secreting cells .
The present study revealed that somatotrophes and gonado trophes were containing spherical and oval nuclei at one year of age with presence of abundant secretary granules in its cytoplasm associated with Golgi apparatus, these structures were decreased in number and size proportionally with increase of the age of animal at 3 and 5 years .

In present study, aminoglycosides as amikacin, was proved to induce alterations in the liver of experimental animals. The aim present study is to investigate the effect of amikacin on rabbit liver which is commonly used in infections resistant to other antibiotics and study treated and protective effect of Pomegranate juice(Punica granatum L.), which antibiotic inhibit & decrease liver toxic formed by amikacin in males and females white rabbits by measuring some of the criteria for biochemical variations, such as, blood serum cholesterol (Ch), triglyceride concentration (TG), blood serum high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C),Low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) concentration. In those were given (amikacin80mg/kg) by injection in muscle for period of 15 days, caused a significant increase at the level (p≤0.05) in cholesterol(Ch), triglyceride(TG) concentration, Low density lipoprotein-cholesterol concentration(LDL-C) as compared with a control group, while decreased concentration of high density lipoprotein-cholesterol(HDL-C) significantly as compared with the control group. The rabbits treated with Pomegranate juice 100ml the concentration of 40% for a period of 15 days has recorded a significant decrease in the concentrations of cholesterol, triglyceride concentration and low density lipoprotein-cholesterol concentration as compared with a group Rabbits treated with amikacin only, and increased significantly in high density lipoprotein-cholesterol compared to the group treated with amikacin only

Asthma is a complex chronic inflammatory disorder of airways characterized by airway smooth muscle hypertrophy, hyperplasia and over production of mucous in which many cells and cellular elements play an important role.
The aim of the study is to monitor the changes in asthmatic patients before and after treatment with montelukast in the MDA level as oxidative stress marker in asthmatic cases, and the most common type of blood group. The total number of subjects included in this study was two hundred with acute asthma. The major part of this study represents a follow up study.
Subjects with bronchial asthma were previously diagnosed but not on regular treatment, their aged ranged between (16 – 50) years attending the respiratory unit directly at tikrit teaching hospital. The period of data collection was from first of April of 2013 up to the mid of June- 2014.
There is a significant change in level of MDA, during the asthmatic attacks (1.12± 0.42, while after treatment (0.6 ± 0.34 P ≤ 0.001). The most common type of blood group in asthmatic cases is type O which about 69% from total number of cases , type A about 18.5%, type B about 9% , and type AB about 3.5%).

Rapid, sensitive and simple spectrophotometric method for the determination of oxymetazoline hydrochloride (OXMZ) is developed. The method is based on an oxidative coupling reaction with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (2,4-DNPH) in a basic medium (pH 11.2) in the presence of potassium periodate to produce a green colour, soluble in water , stable product and absorbs at 607 nm. Beer's law was in the linear range 2.5-30 μg/ml of OXMZ, the molar absorptivity , Sandellʼs sensitivity index and detection limit were 7242 liter. mol-1.cm-1, 0.0409 μg.cm-2 and 0.1877 μg/ml respectively. The RSD value was 1.24- 1.39% depending on the concentration. This method was applied successfully to the determination of oxymetazoline in pharmaceutical preparation nazordin drops with recovery of not less than 99.87 % .

This research involves the development of simple, sensitive and rapid spectrophotometric method for determination of sulfathiazole (STHZ) in aqueous solution. The method is based on the Schiff's base formation between the primary amino group of sulfathiazole and aldehyde group of the p-dimethyl aminobenzaldehyde reagent (p-DMAB) to produce a yellow colored complex having maximum absorption at 451 nm at pH 2.2. Beer's law is obeyed in the concentration range 2-24μg/ml of sulfathiazole , with a molar absorptivity 11259 L.mol-1.cm-1 and sandal index of 0.023 μg.cm-2 . The average recovery is 99.925%, relative standard deviation 0.68-0.81% and D.L of 0.1534 μg/ml . This method has been applied successfully to determination of sulfathiazole in veterinary injection liquid solution (bio prime).

This study was performed on (60) saliva specimens, including (30) diabetic patients in addition (30) healthy saliva specimens were taken from healthy subjects as control group. The results showed a significant increase in the activity of saliva 5`-nucleotidase (5`-NT) from diabetic patients compared to healthy subjects.
This study included a partial purification of 5`-NT as well, using (35%) (NH4)2SO4 for precipitation and gel filteration by (sephadex G-75 ) which gave single peak. Then 5-NT was partially also purified by using Ion exchange chromatography ( DEAE-cellulos A-50), in which three isoenzymes were isolated with different degree of purity.

In this study some new compounds have been synthesized including preparation of some different Schiff bases[1-6] from the reaction benzdine with substituted of benzal-dehyde in absolute ethanol and converted into derivatives of 1,3-oxazpines(by ring clo- sure reaction (2+5) of Schiff bases with maleic anhydride in dry benzene[7-12],also the 2,3 –dihyroquinozoline-4(1H) one[13-17] were prepared. The prepared compounds were characterized by color and melting point determination, FT-IR and UV-Vis spectral analysis . Some of the prepared compounds were identified by 1H- NMR and C.H.N spectra analysis .

The aim of the present work is a synthesis of new fluorene derivatives containing heterocyclic moieties. These compounds were synthesized in four groups, each group containing five compounds. The first group was made up of 2-(3-aryl-2-propenoyl) fluorene derivatives (1a-e) synthesized from the reaction of 2-acetyl fluorene with appropriate aromatic aldehyde in the presence of sodium hydroxide. The other three groups involved compounds produced from the reaction of (1a-e) with hydrazine hydrate (99%) in presence of acetic acid (96%) to give 1-acetyl-5-aryl-3-(fluoren-2-yl) pyrazoline derivatives (2a-e), and with phenyl hydrazine in presence of piperidine to produce 1-phenyl-5-aryl-3-(fluoren-2-yl) pyrazoline derivatives (3a-e), and with hydroxylamine hydrochloride in presence of pyridine to obtain the 5-aryl-3-(fluoren-2-yl) oxazoline derivatives (4a-e). All the compounds of the above three groups were substituted at position (5) in pyrazoline and isoxazoline ring with different aryl groups according to aromatic aldehyde used in the preparation of the first group series compounds. The synthesized compounds were identified by spectroscopic methods: FT-IR and 1H-NMR.

The new Schiff-base ligand [H2L] 1-(9H-flouren-9-ylidene)-4-phenylthiosemicarbazide and its metal complexes with Mn(II),Co(II),Zn(II)andCd(II) are reported. The ligand derived from the condensation reaction of (4a,9a-Dihydro-flouren-9-one) with (4-phenylthiosemicarbazide) in mole ratio of 1:1. Upon complex formation, the ligand behaves as a dianionic bidentate species forming monomeric complexes of general formula [M(L)2] and [M(L)2(H2O)2] , (M=Mn(II), Co(II), Zn(II) and Cd(II). The modes of bonding and overall geometry of the complexes were determined through (FTIR, UV-Vis, 1H.NMR) along with elemental analysis, metal content, and conductance. These studies revealed octahedral geometry for the Mn(II) complex and tetrahedral for the Co(II), Zn(II) and Cd(II) complexes. Biological activity of the ligand and its metal complexes against gram positive bacterial strain Bacillus (G+) and gram negative bacteria Pseudomonase (G-) revealed that the metal complexes become less resistive to the microbial activities as compared to the free ligand.

The 3D resistivity imaging survey was carried out over Um El-Githoaa cavity in Hit area, western Iraq. Resistivity data were collected along four parallel traverses using Dipole-dipole array with electrode spacing of (2m) and (n) factor equal to 6. Inversion 3D models of standard least-squares method and robust constrain method for Um El-Githoaa cavity showed horizontal slices of the 3D resistivity distribution with depth. The first three slices, which represented the resistivity changes from ground surface to depth approximately equal to (3m), showed relatively higher resistivity reflecting the dry sediments of gypsum rocks, and some of these rocks visible on ground surface .The slices after (3m) depth showed the effect of the subsurface cavity by noticeable increasing in resistivity contrast (more than 800 ohm.m)with surround sediment, and the dimensions of the cavity equal approximately to the actual dimensions of this cavity. The comparison between the two methods of inversion appeared that the invers model produced by the robust constrain method has sharper and straighter boundaries, and the dimensions of the Um El-Githoaa cavity appeared closer to the actual dimension of this cavity (maximum diameter equal approximately to 19.3m, while the minimum equal to 15.8m and perpendicular to the first diameter). Therefore, the 3D resistivity imaging survey was delineated Um El-Githoaa cavity at depths ranges from (3 to 6 m). It is concluded that, the dense measurements along 2D lines in small area can be increasing the 3D imaging resolution.

The main justification of this research is that integrate of GIS technique and RS data to generate maps for selecting the most potential sites of water harvesting in study area. This method helps to detect water harvesting sites in suitable places and improve the water resource management in the study area. The methodology was adopted in this study is using Fuzzy logic Modelling to standardise the layers and Fuzzy overlay method to combine and process these layers together. Specific criteria were used to standardise all these layers. Seven different criteria were used in this research to select the water harvesting sites such as slope (%), stream network (order), rainfall (mm), soil (type), distance to roads and urban centre and Normalised Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI). This research is significant because it is associated with several fields such as agriculture productivity, livestock husbandry, sustainable environment, soil fertility, water management, human livelihood and the agriculture industry. The outcomes of this research are to produce map of potential water harvesting sites in Al-Therthar valley, West Nineveh. This will give opportunity to build dams to store the water in particular in drought-stricken areas. This study found that there are 16 sites within the study area that represent the best potential water-harvesting sites. These sites were chosen according to the specific criteria that were used for this purpose and had a high potential in terms of their suitability for water harvesting.

The aim of present investigation is to evaluate the mechanical properties , (tensile, impact, and hardness) properties and physical properties. Acid absorption for (epoxy/polysulphide) specimens were prepared by open molding technique , with different ratios (95-5),(90-10),(85-15), and (80-20)% weight ratio.
Impact strength (Charpy method) using showed a better value for (85-15)% ratio, so toughness increased and this optimum mixing ratio (OMR) was taken for tensile and hardness test before and after immersion in acid solution with different concentrations (0.1 N, 0.2 N, & 0.3 N) to evaluate tensile strength and Shore hardness D , 0.3 N had been affected all specimens more than (0.1 & 0.2)N, in each test Diffusion coefficient was calculated for each concentration.

The (100 μm) thick of high density Polymethylmethacrylate PMMA membranes were prepared by solution cast method and treated by (42 W), low pressure, DC-discharge, SF6-Plasma for different exposure time: 10,30,60 and 80 min. The observed changes in membranes surface properties have been characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy(SEM).The optical properties for plasma treated membranes has been characterized by UV-Visible Spectroscopy. The chemical structure changes have been characterized by Fourier Transformation Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR).The (SEM) results indicates to significant changes in surface morphology of the polymer membranes after plasma treatment. The UV-Visible spectroscopy results shows clearly reduction of light transmission due to plasma treatment, also the (FTIR) results shows the changes in molecular bonds for polymer chains in surface structure of polymer membranes.

This paper presents the design fabrication Parabolic-trough solar water heating is a well-proven technology that directly substitutes renewable energy for conventional energy in water heating. In Two meters parabolic solar concentration has been fabricated to produce boiled water up to 100oC for the purpose of central heating services. The concentration is toward the sun light during the day time; by using a control circuit, The amount of the portable water was much dependent on the accurate focusing of the system which increases according to preheating. This system could therefore be used for heating water at home via increasing the temperature in hot tank by covering the hot water and isolating the tank from the surroundings.

The present study is designed to verify the changes of resistin, malondialdehyde (MDA), glucose and lipid profile in type2 diabetes mellitus.
This study was carried out during the period from November 2013 till January 2014, on 96 subjects: 57 diabetic patients (11 males and 46 females, aged between 33 and 60 years, with a mean age of 40.32) and 39 healthy controls (24 males and 15 females, aged between 40 and 59 years, with a mean age of 47.43), who attended :outpatient, Health care center, and Emergency Department in Tikrit Teaching Hospital.
The results showed a significant increase in the salivary glucose, total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG) resistin, and MDA level in diabetic patients compared to controls, while significant decrease in salivary HDL in diabetic patients compared to controls.

Cadmium sulphide (CdS) thin films were deposited on glass substrates using thermal vacuum evaporation technique at pressure (10-6) Torr at room temperature then samples irradiated by CO2 laser of power (1 watt) and wave length (10.6) μm at distance 10 cm from the source during different exposure times (3, 5, 10, 15) sec. The absorbance spectra was recorded using UV-visible spectrophotometer .Optical properties such as transmission , reflection ,absorption coefficient (α), optical band gap (Eg), extinction coefficient (K), refractive index (n), and complex dielectric constants (r&i) were evaluated from absorbance spectra. The results shows that the laser irradiation cause increased in reflectance R, absorption coefficient , the extinction coefficient K, the refractive index n and the real part and imaginary part of dielectric constant while irradiation cause decrease in the transmittance T and the value of the energy gap Eg.

In this paper, we study the concepts of contra b-I-continuity and contra b-I-openness in ideal topological spaces, and obtain several characterizations and some properties of two functions. Also, we investigate its relationship with other types of functions.
Key words: Ideal topological spaces, - -open sets, - -closed sets, contra - -continuous functions, contra - -open functions.