Diyala Journal of Medicine

Background: Tinea Corporis or Ringworm is a fungal disease caused by Trichophyton
rubrum,T.mentagrophytes , Microsporum canis andT.tonsurans.It is transmitted by direct
contact with infected animals and humans or by indirect contact through fomites.
The Aim of Study: This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of 0.50% ointment prepared
from Calvatia craniformis mushroom in treatment of Tinea Corporis in human.
The Patients and Methods : The study is done in dermatology clinic in Baquba city. Three
different concentration of Calvatia craniformis mushroom ointment are prepared by mixing
three different weights of mushroom powder (0.3 ,0.4 and 0.5gm) with vaseline and
completed up to 100 gm for each concentration to obtain (0.3%,0.4% and 0.5%) of the
mushroom ointment respectively and then applied topically to lesion twice daily.
Sixty patients were involved in our study and divided into two groups, the treatment group
includes thirty patients which is divided into three subgroups, each subgroup include ten
patients they were treated by one of the three concentrations ( Ten patients 0.3% , Ten
patients 0.4%, Ten patients 0.5% concentrations). The control group included thirty patients
was treated by 1% clotrimazol cream.
Results and Conclusion: 0.5% mushroom ointment significantly reduce clearance time
(P<0.05)in comparison with the control group , while other concentration produce non
significant changes in clearance time , therefore this substance is effective in the treatment of
tinea corporis with less time, more patient compliance compared with the control group

Background: Meningitis is an inflammation of the meninges (pia and arachnoids
membranes) which covers the brain, it may be either a cute or chronic, purulent or a septic
(sterile). Meningitis may be caused by infection with viruses , bacteria or other
microorganism
Patients & method: A review of case records of patients with meningitis admitted to Al_razi
hospital in Diyala governorate for the period the 1st of january 2000 to the 31th of December
2004 inclusive .Data were collected from the case records according to especial designed
questionnaire . Analysis of the collected data was done and the results of this descriptive
study presented by numbers and percentages.
Results: Meningitis was the first cause of admittion (56.6%),meningitis more in males with
M:F ratio 1.5:1,more than 85%cases occurred in those below 19 years age ,most cases were
rural residents(53.8%),more than 50% of cases reported in spring and autumn, meningitis
reported mostly in students 72%,viral meningitis form 54.5%,case fatality rate was 6.3%.
Conclusion: Meningitis is the first cammon cause of admission and there must be a good
efferts to decrease morbidity and mortality of this disease

This study was done on 3 group of population. Group 1 comprised 80 normal, healthy, non
febrile individuals with a negative history for typhoid fever and no history of immunization
against typhoid fever . Group 2 comprised 50 patient with a febrile illness rather than typhoid
fever with also no history of typhoid fever and no history of immunization against typhoid
fever. Group 3 comprised 18 patient with bacteriologically confirmed typhoid fever and by
using a new statistical approach for the calculation of the cut off value for categorizing
positive and negative Widal test, the cut off value for O titer was 1/104 and for H titer was
1/120
The result of this study in group 1 showed that the Widal test was positive in 38,7% for O titer
and 40% for H titer, and the number of cases with a titer 1/320 was 7 cases for O titer and 11
cases for H titer . the result in group 2 showed that the Widal test was positive in 20 cases for
O titer and from these cases . 7 cases with a titer of 1/320. While positive test for H titer was
23 cases and from these, 11 cases with a titer 1/320 . In group 3 the Widal test was positive in
all cases for both O & H titers and the number of cases with a titer 1/320 was 15 cases for O
and 12
cases for H. The sensitivity of Widal test for a titer 1/320 was 83.3% for O titer and 66.7% for
H titer while the specificity was 61.7% for both O & H titer. We concluded from these study
that there are high false positive rates of Widal test in normal population and in non typhoid
fever , and Widal reaction in a titer 1/320 was found in many cases, and for these reasons the
Widal test in the area endemic for typhoid fever provides minimal if any , diagnostic
assistance, and a titer above 1/320 is suggested as a diagnostic value for salmonellae typhi
infection .

Back ground: Upper abdominal complaints include a variety of symptoms that make the
patients seeking the medical advice.
Error in diagnosis leads to unnecessary admission to hospital, delay in treatment and possible
increasing in mortality rate.
Objectives of study:
 To show that this group of patients may have more than one diagnosis.
 Detect the symptoms which are associated with high incidence of compound
diagnosis.
Patients and method: One Hundred patients who are with different upper abdominal
complaints collected randomly from the patients who referred to surgical clinic in Alkufa
teaching hospital , All of them submitted to U/S and OGD examination in the period from the
first of NOV. 1996 through JUN.1997.
Result: Ten patients which represent 10%of the sample had more than one diagnosis and the
most of them were complaining from dyspepsia as primary symptoms or as an associated
symptom.
Conclusion: Many patients who presented with upper abdominal complaint may had more
than one pathology, and usually one of these pathologies was the main cause of the symptom.
Correct preoperative diagnosis is essential to avoid unnecessary operation and to decrease the
morbidity and mortality associated with missed diagnosis or over treatment.
Recommendations: We recommend a combined OGD &U\\\\S examination in this group of
patients especially in those with dyspepsia.

Background : Thrombolysis remains the treatment of choice in ST-segment elevation
myocardial infarction (STEMI). Efficacy of reperfusion therapy in (AMI) is strictly timedependent. Most benefit is achieved with initiation of therapy within the first 60–90 min after
onset of symptoms.
Objectives : The aim of this study is to show the efficacy of the thrombolysis in acute
myocardial infarction ( AMI ) in relation to the time (hours ) when it is given after the onset
of myocardial infarction .
Methods : 56 patients with acute STEMI admitted to coronary care unite (CCU) of baquba
teaching hospital were treated with thrombolytic therapy ( metalase) in the period from 1st /
October / 2009 to 30th / may / 2010 .We observe the beneficial changes that occur after
metalase use in relation to the time at which it is given after onset of myocardial infarction
(i.e. onset of characteristic chest pain).
Results : From 56 patients , (4) patients ( 7.1%) came with in 1st hour and they develop
complete recovery , their ECG return to normal after thrombolysis, ( 23) patients (41% ) came
with in 1-6 h. , they develop partial recovery and they had decrease in ST-segment elevation
after thrpombolysis, (29) patients (51.7%) came after 6h. were having no any benefit from
thrombolysis and had no change in ECG after thrombolysis .
Conclusions : Thrombolysis if given early in the 1st few hours (1-6 h.) is useful way to treat
cases of STEMI , as it decrease infarct size and decrease morbidity and mortality

Back ground: Topical psoralens plus sunlight is a common practice among Dermatologists in
the world for treatment of various skin diseases like Vitiligo and Psoriasis.
objective: To test the effectiveness and safety profile of topical psoralen plus sunlight for the
treatment of palmoplantar psoriasis in Iraqi patients.
Patients and methods: Non-randomized open clinical therapeutic trial.29 patients with
palmoplantar psoriasis were enrolled in this study from outpatient Department of
Dermatology and Venereology in Baghdad teaching Hospital during the period of May 2006
to February 2007.
All patients were treated with 0.01% methoxsalen solution plus sunlight three times weekly
for 8weeks.
The response to the therapy was evaluated before and after therapy by modified PASI score
for palmoplantar psoriasis .the score for each patients was assessed at onset of therapy and at
end of therapy by the same examiner.
Results: After 8 weeks of therapy most patients showed significant reduction in score of
severity and this reduction was statistically significant .side effect was minimum
Conclusion: In conclusion topical 8-methoaxsalen plus sunlight is an effective and save
method to treat patients with palmoplantar psoriasis.

This study was designed to examine the effect of combined drugs (pentostam and allopurinol)
20mg / kg and 20,40,60,80 and 100 mg / kg of the aqueous fruit extract of M. azedarach on
infected mice for 10,15, and 20 days to determine their effect on some marker enzymes such
as aspartate amino transferase ( AST ) , alanine amino transferase ( ALT ) , alkaline
phosphatase ( ALP ) , lactate dehydrogenase ( LDH ) and the biochemical parameters like
glucose , cholesterol and total protein,
The present result showed a significant decrease of the two enzymes (AST and ALT) and
significantly increased in (ALP and LDH) acivity in comparison with the enzyme activities in
the liver of non– infected mice (con– ve). Where as the treated mice with 40 – 100mg / kg
of aqueous fruit extract of the plant caused elevation in the activity of the (AST and ALT) and
declining in (ALP and LDH ) activity when compared with infected non – treated mice
( con+ ve) after 10 ,15 and 20days post infection .
The results also showed, non – significant differences in the glucose and cholesterol
concentrations in infected mice in comparison with the non – infected mice. The treated mice
with 20 mg/ kg pentostam/ allopurinol and 40 – 100 mg / kg of aqueous fruit extract of the
plant caused in significant elevation of the glucose and cholesterol concentrations in the
liver of infected mice in comparison with (con+ ve) after 10 , 15 and 20 days post treatment ,
but the infection caused non – significant increased in the total protein in liver of mice in
comparison with (con– ve) , the treated mice with 20mg / kg pentostam / allopurinol and
40–100 mg / kg from aqueous fruit extract M.azedarach caused decrease of total protein
when compared with (cont+ ve) for 10 , 15 and 20 days post treatment .

Background: This research was under taken to estimate the effects of low frequency pulsed
magnetic field (LFPMF) on blood clotting time in rabbit males.
Aim of this research;
The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effects of low frequency pulsed magnetic fields in
blood clotting times in male rabbits.
Methods: Eight rabbits male were included in this study , four of them were used as a
control groups and other four rabbits were used as an exposed groups. They were exposures to
six gausses of Low Frequency Pulsed Magnetic Field (LFPMF), at different times
(6,12,18,24,30,36,42,48 hours) respectively.
Results: The results of this research show that by using compared t-test there was highly
significant difference, at period of times (12,18,24,30,36,48hours) of exposure to(LFPMF),
between experimental and control groups of male rabbits in clotting time of blood, but there
was non significant difference between them in period of times of exposures shown in
periodic times(6,42 hours) respectively.
Conclusions: The application of low frequency pulsed magnetic fields on blood clotting
time, concluded to increasing the blood coagulation time in experimental group of rabbits as
compared with control group of rabbits. The mechanism indicated increases in body
temperature, ionic exchange, enzymatic and hormonal.

Background: This research was under taken to estimate the effects of low frequency pulsed
magnetic field (LFPMF) on blood clotting time in rabbit males.
Aim of this research;
The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effects of low frequency pulsed magnetic fields in
blood clotting times in male rabbits.
Methods: Eight rabbits male were included in this study , four of them were used as a
control groups and other four rabbits were used as an exposed groups. They were exposures to
six gausses of Low Frequency Pulsed Magnetic Field (LFPMF), at different times
(6,12,18,24,30,36,42,48 hours) respectively.
Results: The results of this research show that by using compared t-test there was highly
significant difference, at period of times (12,18,24,30,36,48hours) of exposure to(LFPMF),
between experimental and control groups of male rabbits in clotting time of blood, but there
was non significant difference between them in period of times of exposures shown in
periodic times(6,42 hours) respectively.
Conclusions: The application of low frequency pulsed magnetic fields on blood clotting
time, concluded to increasing the blood coagulation time in experimental group of rabbits as
compared with control group of rabbits. The mechanism indicated increases in body
temperature, ionic exchange, enzymatic and hormonal.

So much studies done to present the diabetic neuropathic changes of the peripheral nerves
but most of them were done experimentally on laboratory animals , but little about human
diabetic neuropathic and structural changes specially of large nerves like common peroneal
and tibial nerve .Accordingly the present work designed to study the neuropathic changes of
the tibial and common peroneal nerve samples, taken from amputated legs of 30 diabetic
patients (8 females and 22 males) at age ranging between (55-75) years, and from 30 cadavers
(4 females and 26 males) at age ranging between (25-50) years as control group. The teased
and osmicated tibial and common peroneal nerve fibers, and histological sections taken from
diabetic patients showed different deformity and Morphometrical changes, of that ; paranodal
swelling, segmental demyelination, some areas with an areas of un even myelin and shortest
segmentation the (common peroneal nerve 22µ and tibial nerve 265µ ) in comparison to the
control group. The multiple regression analysis, showed significant effect of age of the patient
and duration of diabetes on the neuropathic changes.

Objective: The aim of the study is to determine the most common allergens triggering
allergic disease in Diyala Governorate.
Materials and Methods: This study including 391 patients (148 male and 243 female ) with
bronchial asthma attending asthma and allergy unit of Baquba teaching hospital consultation
clinic from 4/1/2009 to 31/12/2009. skin prick test were done for them ; the results were fixed
according to the reactivity of the allergens used in the study.
Results: Most common offending allergens were house dust mite( 25.3%), Bermuda 23% ,
grasses 19.6% , mugwart 16.6% , fagace 15.8% , chenopoda 15.6% , date palm and batulacea
12.7% , olacea 12% , house dust 11.5% , feather 9.9% , alternaria 9.2% , plantine 8.6% ,
aspirgillus 6.9% , clodosporium 5.3% , cat hair 4.6% , horse hair 4% , penicillinum 3.3% and
dog hair 3%
In the study it was also observed that patients of bronchial asthma had associated allergic
rhinitis in 49.1% of cases .
Conclusion: This study and other studies will definitely be helpful in identifying the most
common triggering allergens causing various allergic disorders including bronchial asthma in
Diyala Governorate ; and this will be helpful in the prevention of asthma and other allergic
disorders

A survey of the common human intestinal parasites was conducted during the period from
October 2005 to March 2006. Out of 524 faecal samples were examined by concentration
methods, which includes the centrifugal flotation by Zinc Sulphate solutions and centrifugal
sedimentation by Formalin-Ether and also by using two natural extracts, one of them from the
plant product (Pomegranate molasses) and the other from animal product (Honey), after
examination of both extracts by concentration method revealed that the sediment have the
ability to concentrate the cysts of protozoans and ova of helminths according to the specific
gravity. Zinc Sulfate flotation method showed the higher efficiency in diagnosing intestinal
parasites (36.64%), while among sedimentation methods which were used in the present study
Pomegranate molasses showed the higher efficiency (30.77%) when compared to other
methods also have ability for slightly staining the stages of the parasites. These methods of
Pomegranate molasses and Honey sedimentation can be considered as the first attempt in this
field

Objectives: To investigate whether lipid profile and serum uric acid concentration changes
during pregnancy or not.
Method: 10 non pregnant women and 10 pregnant women were enrolled in the study , have
an average age 25-30 years and the same body mass index. Blood samples were drawn from
all the subjects following a fasting of 8 hours and analyzed for serum lipid profile and serum
uric acid.
Result: The results showed that pregnancy period may change lipid profile and serum uric
acid ,although the volume of sample is small for correlation between the pregnancy period
and changes in serum uric acid and lipid profile . This will require large number of volunteers.
But , this study give opinion about these changes.

Background: Post traumatic stress disorder occurs at high rate in adolescents and its rate
appears to be rising . because this syndrome can have long lasting effect when it occurs before
adulthood ,early recognition and treatment are vital .
Aims of the study: This study aims to identify the life time prevalence rate of PTSD among
secondary school student and the relation of socio demographic characteristics after students
exposed to stressful evens in their life Baquba city. which is considered to be one of the hot
areas in Iraq .
Method: 296 secondary schools students were selected randomly from six secondary schools
in Baquba city for the period from 1/10/2005 to 25/12/2005 those student were screened by
semi-structure interview based on (DSM IV) criteria for the diagnosis of PTSD .
Results: The rate of life – time prevalence of PTSD among those students was 27.4% and the
rate was higher among female which is 31% mainly of 13-14 years old and 24.6% in males
mainly of 12-13 years old also the study revealed that the rate was higher in low socio
economic stat and also high in students who live in urban area and those with family loss and
injury .
Conclusion: The life-time prevalence of PTSD in adolescents (12-18) years of age is
relatively high and it is higher in female than male and the rate is high