JOURNAL OF SPORT SCIENCES

Introduction to Research :This chapter contains the introduction and importance of the research: The researcher touched on the importance of having an appropriate administrative climate between the school principal and the physical education teacher on the success of the joint work between them, which may push the school sports movement forward through lessons, activities, events, and formal and informal participations given to students, which may feed sports institutions In the state, it is an active and promising actor in the future.Research problem :The research problem is centered through the researcher’s field experience as a physical education teacher within the governorate through his observation of an imbalance in the administrative climate between some principals and teachers in secondary schools in Diyala governorate. It is not possible to achieve the goals and develop the educational process in a positive way, as the researcher believes that some principals do not meet the needs of teachers. This leads to their feeling of job instability and low morale.The research aims to Building an administrative climate scale for secondary school principals,Legalizing the administrative climate scale for secondary school principals,Identifying the administrative climate for secondary school principals.Research areas The human domain , physical education teachers in the General Directorate of Education in Diyala Governorate ,Time domain period extending from 28 / 2 / 2022 to 31 /3 / 2022 , Spatial domain secondary schools in Diyala Governorate . ,Research Methodology and Field ProceduresThe researcher used the descriptive approach using methods (survey, and correlations) to solve the research problem as the most appropriate method to reach the objectives of the research. The research community was represented by (499) teachers of physicaleducation in Diyala Governorate, and the
researcher chose the research community deliberately. The procedures for constructing the scale were clarified, as well as the research community and its sample. The tools used were presented, including the means of collecting information and the devices used.Conclusions and RecommendationsThe researcher reached a set of conclusions, which are the construction of the administrative climate scale for secondary school principals from the point of view of physical education teachers in the General Directorate of Education in Diyala Governorate . The most important recommendations are to adopt the administrative climate scale for secondary school principals, as it is a tool to achieve the best level of administrative climate for secondary school principals

The aim of the research is to prepare exercises in the methods of competition and visual thinking in the development of kinesthetic perception and to learn the skills of suppression and accuracy of scoring with the outer side of the foot in football for students, as well as to identify the effectiveness of using exercises in the methods of competition and visual thinking in the development of kinesthetic perception and learning suppression and accuracy of scoring with the outer face of the foot Soccer for students for the first and second experimental groups and for the control group for the pre and post test, and to identify theeffectiveness of using exercises in the two styles of competition and visual thinking in the development of kinesthetic perception and learning the skills of suppression and accuracy of scoring with the face of the outer foot with soccer ball for studentsfor the first and second experimental groups and the control group in the post test. Researchers Experimental Method,As for the research sample, it was chosen randomly and by lottery from the second grade students in Al-Wathiq Intermediate School for Boys, which numbered (30) students, and with a percentage of (29.41%) of the research community, the sample was divided into three groups, as Division (A) was chosen. As a first experimental group, Division (B) as a second experimental group, and Division (C)as a control group, and after completing the tests, the appropriate statistical treatments were used to reach the results, and then the results were presented, analyzed and discussed,The researchers reached the most important conclusions that the use of exercises in the methods of competition and visual thinking are effective in learning the skills of suppression and accuracy of scoring in the outer foot of the football for students. The researchers recommend adopting the method of visual thinking in learning the skills of handling and scoring in football

The aim of the research is to prepare an educational curriculum according to the diagnostic evaluation strategy to learn the accuracy of the performance of the transmission skill in table tennis among students of the Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, College of Basic Education, Al-Mustansiriyah University. The post, the researcher used the experimental methodwith two tests, the pre and post tests, and
research sample was represented by the students of the second stage of the evening study, which numbered (28) students divided into two groups (experimental and control). Table tennis, and the researcher recommended the need to take advantage of the advantages of the diagnostic evaluation strategy to learn table tennis skills in particular and sports skills in general

The aim of the research is to:-Identifying the level of psychological courage and the level of sportsmanship among the players of the Nineveh Education Directorate teams, and identifying the relationship between the level of psychological courage and the level of sportsmanship among the players of the Nineveh education teams. The original research community for the study consisted of (100) players of the Nineveh Education Directorate teams, and the percentage of (100%),The researcher reached the following results, the psychological courage and sportsmanship among the players of the teams of the Nineveh Governorate Education Directorate are characterized at the average level, and there is a significant correlation relationship between psychological courage and the sportsmanship among the players of the Nineveh Governorate Education Directorate teams ,The researcher reached the most important recommendations and proposals, namely, urging the players affiliated with the directorates of education affiliated with the Ministry of Education and school sports activity to organize lectures and educational courses on the concepts of psychological courage and sportsmanship, conducting more studies related to the concept of psychological courage and sportsmanship for players, and preparing psychological programs For players thatwould enhance the level of psychological courage and raise the level of sportsmanship for the players of the education directorates teams.

Sports competition is the basic form of sports field life, and it is an educational and psychological training method, which leads to compel the learner or trainee to double his effort to compete with himself or others. Stimulating the learner’s motivationor modifying his tendencies
tendencies, and it is one of the important principles that make the practice of motor skills better and more adequate in the lesson (Osama and Ibrahim, 2005, pg. 197) .The aim of the research is to prepare competitive exercises in modifying the attitude of female students and reducing psychological stress, and also the aim of the research is to identify the effect of competitive exercises in modifying the attitude of female students and reducing psychological stress. Psychological skills in basic handball for the intermediate stage

The idea of the research is to determine standard degrees and levels in the tactical behavior of the players of some second-divition football clubs in Nineveh Governorate, through a codified measure of tactical behavior in order to select the best players who have good tactical levels and have the ability to absorb and practical application in the field to involve them in the squad The basic principle of the team
the improvement of technical and skill performance to achieve positive results for their team. the researcher used the descriptive approach for its suitability and the nature of the research problem. As for the research sample, it was represented by the players of the clubs (Mosul -Fatwa -Bright Future -Municipal) for the season 2020-2021, who numbered (72) players, and the researcher adopted the tactical behavior scale as a means of data collectionFor the purpose of obtaining the results, the following statistical methods were used: (arithmetic mean -standard deviation -skew coefficient -percentage -standard degree (z) using the fixed number

The study aimed to prepare an educational curriculum according to the embedding method in volleyball, and to identify the effectiveness of the embedding method in learning the skill of serving from the top in volleyball, and the researchers used the experimental method for its suitability and the nature of the problem. Students were divided into two groups, control and experimental, and appropriate statistical methods were used to process the data, and through the results obtained, it was concluded that the embeddingmethod is more effective than the command method in learning the skill of serving from the top in volleyball

The results of discus throwing in the world championships witnessed a remarkable development in the level of digital achievement for men, and this development is linked to the development of the physical abilities of the players. Effectiveness of discus throwing and recognizing the effect of these proposed exercises on indicators of electrical activity (EMG) and some biomechanical variables, and achieving discus for the junior class. The research tests were determined by (EMG) and some biomechanical variables (starting speed and completion distance) were measured, and the research problem was that the exercises used did not take into account many variables and what the athlete needs from muscular balance exercises to achieve them. Technical performance correctly, which is reflected in the achievement, and the results showed a development in the values of electrical activity from the moment the performance started to the moment the disc left, and there is also an evolution in the values of electrical activity. Some biomechanical variables such as starting speed and starting angle

Alternate Nostril Breathing (ANB) methodisdonebyinhaling fromthe leftnostrilandexhalingfromthe rightandtheninhaling fromthe rightandexhalingfromthe leftrepeatedly,and the researcherusedthismethodtoidentifythe recoveryof the boxersaccording to the pulseduringthe restperiod betweentherounds,andthe sample included 9 youth boxers with an average age of (17.45), and after conducting traditional recovery and (ANB) recovery during the rest period, it showed that (ANB) is superior to the traditional recovery at lowering the heart rate, andthe researcher recommends the importance of using this recovery

1. The effect of competitive exercises on a number of physical variables for young football players of the experimental group between the pre and post tests.2. The effect of competitive exercises on a number of basic skills of young football players of the experimental group between the pre and post tests.3. The effect of competitive exercises on anaerobic capacity and fatigue index of young football players of the experimental group between the pre and post tests.4. Significance of statistical differences in a number of physical variables, basic skills, anaerobic ability and fatigue index for young football players between the experimental group and the control group in the post test.The researcher used the experimental method for its relevance and the nature of the research, as the research sample was deliberately identified with the players of the Bright Future Youth Club in football in Nineveh Governorate for the football season, (2020-2021), and their number is (25) players, and the final research sample consisted of (20) players representing The proportion of (80%) of the research sample, and this sample was divided into two experimental and controlgroups by following the method of random selection using lottery and by (10) players for each group, and the number of training units for the training curriculum was (24) training units by (3) units. Training per week and (8) weeks The training curriculumfor the experimental group consisted of two medium cycles, and each medium cycle consisted of (4) small cycles with a ripple load movement in each medium cycle (1:2).The researcher reached the following conclusions:1-The experimental group that used competitive exercises in the post-test outperformed the control group that used the trainer’s exercises in all physical characteristics.2-The experimental group that used competitive exercises in the post-test outperformed the control group that adopted the coach’s training in all the basic football skills covered by the research.3-The experimental group that used competitive exercises in the post-test outperformed the control group that adopted the trainer’s training in anaerobic capacity and fatigue index for young footballers that were covered by the research.

The aim of the researchis to: identify the effect of Cross Fit exercises in developing muscular strength and on the level of performance of the rising skill from the angular focus, opening the handstand on the parallel device.As for the research hypotheses, there are statistically significant differences between the two tests, the pre and post tests, in the physical abilities and in the level of performance of the skill of rising from the angular fulcrum to stand on the hands on the parallel device of the research group.The researcher used the experimental method(with one group design) to suit the nature of the problem to be solved. The research community was limited to (8) junior players for the Baghdad Club in Gymnastics, and their ages ranged between (9-13) years, which is the junior category, and players with good skill performance were excluded from the research community to become only (6) players, and the research sample constituted (80%) from the research community.The researcher concluded: that CrossFit exercises helped and played a major role in improving the performance of the skill of getting up from the angular focus, opening to standing on the hands, and that the CrossFit exercises that were used by the researcher had a great role in improving and developing physical abilities from the beginning.As for the most important recommendations, they are -The necessity of adopting CrossFit training in training centers in Baghdad and the provinces. Similar studies to training on the floor mat machine can be conducted using CrossFit exercises

The aim of the research is to identify the reality of the internal work environment of football sports clubs and the viewpoint of its members. And the temporal domain: 1/19/2022 until 4/6/2022, and the spatial domain: the main headquarters of the football sports clubs. The current research community is the
of the Sports Administration Organization participating in the Iraqi league for the season 2020/2021 in football, which number (20 Premier League clubThe research sample consisted of the members of the administrative bodies of the sports clubs represented in Table (1), which numbered (170) members. And the weak use of electronic management in dealing with the requirements of the sports club. And the weakness of the responsibility of the club, any responsibility or authority towards the members. The club makes the optimal investment of all the opportunities available to it in order to develop the work of the sports club. The union works to limit all problems to a specific place in order to solvethem correctly

The research included an introduction and its importance. The importance of the research lies in identifying the attractive leadership of team games coaches in the youth and sports forums, and this aspect is of great importance in the performance and work of the coach in achieving the training objectives that are planned in advance, in order to reach the highest peak in training by achieving the fruitful results that can be It has an effective impact in raising the level of player performance in field work. The smart coach is characterized by the ability to attract his players and motivate them to continue training by employing his personal qualities and abilities to convince them to practicesports and bear the burden of training, and because many young people today are almost far away from sports activity, including team games, for several reasons, the most important of which is the Corona pandemic. The research aims to codify the measure ofattractive leadership among coaches of team games in youth and sports forums from the players' point of view in Diyala Governorate. The fields of research included the human field represented by team games players in youth and sports forums. And the time range from (1/1/2022) to (5/4/2020). The spatial domain represented by youth and sports forums in Diyala Governorate. The researcher used the descriptive approach in the survey method to suit the nature of the problem. The research community included (2266) players of team games in youth and sports forums in Diyala governorate, and the research sample consisted of (350) players and the sample was chosen randomly, then the
leadership scale consisting of (24) phrases was applied to the research sample, from (9/1/2022-13/2/2022) and the sample answers were correctedAnd using the statistical package (SPSS) to find the degree and standard levels. The researcher concluded, based on the results of legalization, to the use of zombie bikes for the scale as a criterion for the scale of attractive driving among coaches of team games in youth and sports forums. The researcher recommended using the current scale as a scientific means to measure the attractive leadership of team game coaches, and the possibility of using the current scale from researchers and specialists, as well as conducting similar studies to measure the level of attractive leadership