magazine of college Administration&Economics for economic & administration & financial studies

The technological development in the world led to the transformation of trade from the traditional form to the electronic form through viral marketing, and this led to limiting sales.
The main research problem was the lack of a clear perception among the research sample of the effect of viral marketing on customer culture
As for the importance of the research, it lies in the customers\' need for such studies and the provision of the intellectual base, the practical results, and the subsequent procedures on the subject of the research. This research aims to know the level of influence of viral marketing on sales in Asiacell company. A sample of employees in Asiacell Communications Company was selected randomly. The sample size was (150) employees from the research community,
whose number is (315). Viral marketing included three dimensions (electronic advertisements, websites, special offers),
as well as the customer culture variable, which includes three Dimensions (social factors, personal traits, customs and traditions). In the research, an analytical input based on trends was used by building a scale in the light of previous studies. The questionnaire was the main measurement tool for collecting data. It was employed to test the research hypotheses by using statistical methods and programs (AMOS.V.22, (SPSS.v22). The research proved the validity of the hypotheses. The results of the statistical analysis showed a significant impact relationship between viral marketing and customer culture. Therefore, the research recommended the need to rely on marketing integrated programs with the ability To influence the mental abilities of the customer by employing new types of marketing and using them in the field of customer culture

This research aims to identify indicators of liquidity and indebtedness and the extent of the impact of the results extracted from these ratios on the market value of shares by studying the financial statements of the Bank of Baghdad and the extent of the ability of the results extracted from these lists to cause a change in the market value of the shares of this bank، through the use of the ARDL model To measure the dynamic effect of Current ratio and debt on assets ratio on the market value of Bank of Baghdad shares during the period 2007-2021، the results extracted from the Bound Test confirm the existence of a long-term equilibrium relationship between the variables، as it was shown through the results of the ECM estimation that the speed of adjustment From the short term to the long term amounted to about 31%. The results also indicate that there is a significant positive relationship in the long run between the Current ratio ، debt on assets ratio and the market value of shares،
and a non-significant long-term positive relationship between the Current ratio and debt on assets ratio and the market value of shares

Iraq is still lagging behind significantly in the field of e-government application compared to many other countries, which was confirmed digitally by indicators of United Nations surveys. On the absence of political support and the weakness of specialized human cadres and so on. The research aims to analyze the reality of electronic government in Iraq and the General Tax Authority, as they represent a research community, during the period (2003-2022). The researcher relied on the descriptive analytical approach, in addition to the comparative approach, and personal interviews, for the purpose of producing results expressing the reality of the research.The research reached several results, the most important of which is that what hinders the application of electronic government in Iraq in general and the General Commission for Taxes in particular is the absence of political support and resistance to change, in addition to poor planning and the lack of specialized cadres.
On the other hand, there are several recommendations that were presented, the most important of which is the need to seek the help of experts and specialists in this field, in addition to the successful global experiences of electronic transformation for the purpose of guidance

This research aims to analyze the tendencies of stock’ investors and the extent of its impact on the efficiency of the ’financial market in its weak form, by studying the historical data for each company’ listed in the Iraqi market through some indicators (trading volume, price-earnings ratio), to show the ’extent of its impact on the form The ’weakness of the efficiency of the’ financial market, and the study was based on the difficulty ’of the theory represented by the continuation’ of the intellectual debate between the’ supporters of the traditional financial theory and’ the defenders of the behavioral ’financial theory, and that the problems ’of application are not paying attention to the’ tendencies of stock investors that affect the’ investment decisions that the participants in the Iraqi financial’ market suffer from when making’ investment decisions

The research mainly aims to clarify the role and importance of the financing gap in enhancing confidence in the Iraqi banking system by reducing the volume of banking risks, especially with regard to credit risks (financing risks), as financing decisions are one of the most important decisions that the banking system is affected by if it is properly used. The management of the banking system must have competence and knowledge for the purpose of managing assets and liabilities, as the research problem lies in knowing the role that the funding gap plays in enhancing confidence in the Iraqi banking system, on the basis of which the alternative hypothesis was accepted, as the research relied on the analytical approach in clarifying the role of the financing gap in Enhancing confidence in the Iraqi banking system, and the research has reached a conclusion that the high funding gap indicates a decrease in the volume of banking risks,
which helps to increase the degree of confidence in the banking system. Attracting new deposits by raising the degree of confidence in the banking system, in addition to the need for the banking system to cover the financing gap with a moderate percentage of deposits. By studying the needs of different economic sectors for financing

Economic growth studies occupy an important place in economic analysis through well-known think tanks. Studies focused on the analysis of the factors affecting growth. The most important factor to justify this importance for growth is to be considered as a quantitative indicator and measure which is the first to explain the economic development of any country And in any economic sector.
The determinants of growth factors have been subject to multiple interpretations aimed at clarifying the share of these factors, especially the traditional factors of physical and human capital, and concluded that these factors are not the only ones capable of influencing growth rates and that there are other factors, particularly with regard to the calculation of long-term growth He has the efficiency of the factors of production (physical and human capital) by the law of diminishing marginal productivity,
so another factor was introduced technical progress as an external factor once and as an internal factor again and from which the growth models were divided into internal and external models.
Hence, the research started to determine the contribution of the other explanatory factors to the growth in the Iraqi economy during the period (1980-2014) using the exploratory exploratory analysis technique and reached the building of a proposed model that measures the effect of some economic variables on productivity in Iraq

Purpose: The current research aims to test the impact of dynamic capabilities in its dimensions (sensing capabilities, acquisition capabilities, and resource reconfiguration capabilities) on strategic renewal in its dimensions (gradual renewal, radical renewal), as it adopted in its theoretical framework dynamic capabilities as an independent variable and strategic renewal as a dependent variable.
Methodology: Using the intentional sample, (120) questionnaires were distributed to the administrative leaders of the Iraqi General Cement Company - Kufa Cement Factory.
The importance of the research: The research derives its importance from the importance of the variables investigated,
being one of the contemporary approaches and affecting the nature of the work of organizations, as well as addressing an important sector, which is the industrial sector, which is considered the most important and effective in the process of economic development, and the link between variables (dynamic capabilities, strategic renewal,) as There are no previous research that dealt with or combined these variables to the knowledge of the researcher, which justifies the initiation of research and testing of these variables.
The most important practical results: The results of the current research showed the existence of a positive and significant multiple influence relationship between the research variables (dynamic capabilities, strategic renewal(
The most important conclusions: The results of the statistical analysis of correlations indicated that the knowledge and technological capabilities of the company, which help it in the process of reconfiguring its resources, are the strongest among other dynamic capabilities for the purpose of conducting strategic renewal, which leads to an important inference, which is that the company can with its currently available resources It can strategically renew its operations and outperform its competitors if it makes good use of reconfiguration resources

The current research aims to test the relationship and effect between the variables of the study (flexible workforce, job stress) in the Kufa Cement Factory, where the research adopted the descriptive analytical approach, which is one of the most important and common scientific research methods, and the reason for that is due to the comprehensiveness and great research flexibility adopted by this The approach allows researchers to diagnose and study the field reality more accurately, and the researchers relied on the questionnaire as a main tool for collecting data and information related to the research problem in the researched organization. The researched organization and it became clear from the results of the research the important role of the flexible workforce in reducing job stress in the researched organization, which requires attention to the flexible workforce and benefiting from its energies
and expertise to support the flow of work and reduce errors and prevent the occurrence of problems in the work environment by supporting training programs and paying attention to skills and competencies and supporting efficiency employees\' self

The current research aims to identify the nature of the relationship between multicultural marketing and a proactive approach by surveying the opinions of a sample of workers in the city of Sayed Al-Awsiya for visitors in the holy province of Karbala. To achieve this goal, (60) questionnaires were distributed, and after analyzing them statistically, the results of the research concluded that there is a correlation between multicultural marketing and proactive orientation, as well as a significant effect of multicultural marketing on proactive orientation. Accordingly, the research reached many conclusions and recommendations, the most important of which is that the city of Syed Al-Awsiya presents itself to customers not only as product providers, but also as representatives of certain beliefs and values, and as creators of culture.
This generates the ability to meet their needs faster, easier and often cheaper. And the most important recommendation is that Orientalism represents the future and prepares for it by developing scenarios that determine the future status of the city, develop an alternative image for it, and help create working conditions to confront language barriers and cultural considerations

The current research seeks to achieve several goals by defining the relationship and influence of strategic momentum (through its dimensions represented (insight, collective commitment)) in achieving organizational brilliance (through its dimensions of (brilliance in leadership, brilliance in service and innovation, brilliance in knowledge)) and identifying the most prominent obstacles The questionnaire was used as a tool for collecting the necessary data and information, through an intentional sample of (124) represented by the higher administrations, heads of departments, directors of divisions and units in the Kufa Cement Factory, and the descriptive analytical method was used mainly in presenting the research information and Analyze and interpret it, depending on a set of statistical methods such as confirmatory factor analysis
and structural equation modeling method to measure the effect relationship, arithmetic mean, standard deviation, coefficient of variation, modified analysis and Pearson\'s correlation through SPSS V.24 statistical software; Amos V.23)). The importance of the current study stems from its treatment of an important sector, which is the industrial sector, as this sector is considered the most important and effective in the process of economic development . Among the most prominent findings of the research, the Kufa Cement Factory management seeks to mobilize its strategic resources in order to enhance the insight of its employees in dealing with strategic issues and to involve them in making strategic decisions that are related to their future in the laboratory and directing them to adopt a spirit of cooperation in carrying out the duties assigned to them and seeking to participate Information, knowledge and benefit from the skills possessed by co-workers in order to enhance the level of organizational brilliance

tatalaqaa jamie alduwal , raghm aikhtilaf \'aydiulujiatiha alaiqtisadiat , majmueatan min al\'ahdaf alaiqtisadiat alati tumathil altawazun alkharijia linaweiat alkharijiat waleiraq , wayantaliq albahth min fardiat \'ana tabieatan waitijah alealaqat bayn almukawinat aldaakhiliati. , wayumkin \'an taqtasir ealaa \'arbaeat \'ahdaf rayiysiat tuerf biaism almurabae mithl aldawr alsiharii. adh tama aikhtibar alealaqat bayn mukawinat dawr alsunduq walwaridat fi aleiraq ean alfatrat alzamaniat nazaran lilealaqat bayn almukawinat alairbieat lilmurabae mithl dawr alnumui alaiqtisadii waltadakhum fi alnamudhaji. alkalimat almuftahiat: murabae aldawr , alnumuu alaiqtisadiu , altadakhum , albitalat , almizan alkharijia (2003-2020) biaistikhdam namudhaj (ARDL). aleiraq khilal fatrat albahth mimaa yadulu ealaa mahdudiat tathir almurabae mithl aldawr walwaridat fi aleiraq yatafawat waitadah an hunak tathirat mukhtalifat bayn mukawinat dawr alsunduq walwaridat fi aleiraq khilal fatrat albahth
, waietamid albahth ealaa alaistiqra\' walwaridat fi muezam dual alealam , wakhasatan alnaamiat minha , bima fi dhalik albitalat , waltawazun alkhariji) mukawinat murabae mithl dawriha fi alwaridat warabtiha bialmutaghayirat al\'ukhraa ghayr almadhkurat aljawanib almutaealiqat ealaa waridat alaistiqrar alaiqtisadii

The research dealt with measuring and analyzing the relationship between banking reform and macro stability in Jordan, by examining the theoretical relationship between banking sector reform and macro stability variables, to find out the theoretical foundations provided by the economic literature for this relationship, and the possibility of employing it in analyzing the course of development of banking reform experiences in Jordan and its impact on Macroeconomic stability variables, based on a basic hypothesis that banking reform is a fundamental pillar of economic stability, and that the success of banking reform policies positively affects the levels of macroeconomic stability variables. In the research sample countries during the period (2004-2020), The research reached basic conclusions, most notably that the nature of the influence relationship between banking reform variables and macro stability variables is one of the foundations for building effective banking reform policies in developing the banking system and
its impact on economic growth. On the stability of the macroeconomics according to the direction of the empirically proven relationship

The weak interdependence and interdependence between the economic sectors of the Iraqi economy’s rents has been reached to revitalize and diversify the economy, so the study recommended restructuring the Iraqi economy by adopting the policy of economic diversification and moving the components of aggregate demand such as government spending and government investment towards productive sectors to change the structure of output and also as sectors that drive economic growth in Iraq. As a result of the foregoing, any real treatment of the structural imbalance in the Iraqi economy requires the development of an economic policy according to scientific foundations and economic modeling. The research assumes that there is a deep imbalance in the structure of the Iraqi economy as a result of its dependence mainly on the oil sector and its revenues, which is the first funder of the country\'s federal budget. The research dealt with analyzing the development of the gross domestic product for the period (2000-2021), and the Iraqi economy as a spatial case study

The research aims to analyze the reality of fiscal policy in Iraq for the period (2003-2021), analyze unemployment rates in Iraq for the period (2003-2021), know the role of fiscal policy in addressing unemployment in Iraq. The researcher hypothesized that there is a relationship and a positive moral effect between fiscal policy and unemployment rates in the Iraqi economy. In order to prove the hypothesis of the research, the researcher used a standard model, so unemployment was a dependent variable, while the independent variable was public spending. Changes in the independent variable (public spending), while the remainder (0.29) is due to other factors that were not included in the estimated standard model

Oil is the main source in the rentier countries and Iraq. Therefore, this study attempts to answer a set of questions, namely: Is the general budget able to respond to the fluctuations that occur in world oil prices, and if there is a response, is the type of that response negative or positive ?
Here comes the importance of the study for the purpose of showing the impact of oil price fluctuations on the general budget of sample countries and Iraq through analyzing and measuring these fluctuations, and because Iraq has a large oil resource, therefore it seeks to finance its public budgets and development plans through crude oil resources, and on the basis of that the relationship was analyzed Between the effectiveness of public budget tools and the fluctuations in crude oil prices in Iraq in particular.
As for the estimation of the standard model, the autoregressive vector model was used, with a time lag of two,
and the reason for this is that the standard model contains more than one dependent variable, and also the use of the error correction model, which is used in evaluating economic policies in evaluating the variables of the Iraqi public budgets. Estimating this standard model for the purpose of proving the hypothesis of the study.
As a result of the Iraqi economy being characterized by excessive rents, the Iraqi public budgets did not seek to achieve its valuable goals, which are represented in (achieving economic stability, addressing inflation, achieving economic growth, achieving social justice), and it was reached through the arrival of this study to a set of conclusions, which Most notably (the dominance of current expenditures in relation to public budgets and during the study period, where current expenditures accounted for (78.3%), and investment expenditures amounted to about (21.6%) as an average for the duration of the study, and with regard to the revenue side, oil revenues accounted for (91.8%) %) also as an average for the duration of the study.

The research seeks to demonstrate the impact of implementing the Blue Ocean Strategy (Bos) in promoting strategic success, after the need for strategic action, which is represented in a set of administrative decisions and procedures that include presenting new offers and creating new markets. This is achieved by moving away from Competitive markets and industries represented by the Red Ocean and the search for new untargeted industries and markets represented by the Blue Ocean in order to achieve the strategic success of the company. The main objective of this research is to identify the role of the dimensions of the Blue Ocean Strategy (Bos) after exclusion, after reduction, after increase, after Innovation) as tools to enhance strategic success (quality of services provided, encouraging creativity and innovation, providing distinct products and services, personnel skills, adaptation and flexibility), and to achieve this goal the researcher has relied on the descriptive and analytical approaches for the purpose of analyzing the research model and hypotheses
and determining the logical relationships between the study variables, If the research considers the dimensions of the blue ocean strategy (Bos) an independent variable that affects the promotion of strategic success as a dependent variable, Selecting the Iraq Sale and Umniah Telecom Company / Holy Karbala Branch as a research community. A sample was chosen (48) of the administrative leaderships of the various departments. Their views were surveyed according to the questionnaire prepared by the researcher to be one of the data collection tools. It included several parts, the first of which was: data Personality, not individuals of the research sample, while the second part of it dealt with: the paragraphs on the independent variable and the paragraphs of the sub-variables. This part included (20) paragraphs, and in the third part of them it dealt with: the paragraphs of the dependent variable and the paragraphs of the sub-variables. This part included (25) (Paragraph, and in light of this, the researcher used a set of statistical methods in order to test the hypotheses of induction, represented by (frequencies, arithmetic means, standard deviation, simple correlation coefficient R, coefficient of F, and coefficient of determination R2)

This research aims to analyze the reality of the interest rate in the Iraqi economy، analyze the reality of bank credit in the Iraqi economy، and measure and analyze the effect of the real interest rate on bank credit in Iraq. The research problem revolves around answering the following questions: Is there a relationship and a significant effect between the real interest rate and bank credit? Is the real interest rate an effective role in bank credit? Did the Central Bank of Iraq use the interest rate as an intermediary goal for its monetary policy to influence bank credit and increase the ability of commercial banks to lend to customers? In order to answer the aforementioned questions، the researcher put forward a hypothesis that there is a significant relationship and influence between changes in the real interest rate as an independent variable and bank credit as a dependent variable. The researcher developed a standard model،
so it was (the broad money supply، the parallel exchange rate and the real interest rate) as independent variables and bank credit as a dependent variable. The researcher reached the following results: The coefficient of explanatory power (R-squared) amounted to (0.75)، which means that there is an explanatory power that explains the changes that occurred in the dependent variable، bank credit، by (0.75) as a result of the changes that occurred in the independent variables (the wide money supply، the parallel exchange rate and the real interest rate)، while the remainder (0.25) is due to other variables that were not included in the estimated model، and may be real economic factors or political and administrative factors. As for the (F) test، its calculated value was (F-Statistic = 5.44)، which is greater than its tabular value at a significant level (0.05). We accept the alternative hypothesis (H1)، which states that there is a significant relationship and influence between the aforementioned independent variables and the dependent variable، and we reject the null hypothesis.

The research aims to identify crude oil prices and analyze the causes of oil price fluctuations for the period (2004-2021) to measure and analyze the impact of crude oil price fluctuations on the fiscal policy in Iraq. in Iraq? Do fluctuations in oil prices have a negative impact on fiscal policy in Iraq? What is the impact of fluctuations on fiscal policy tools (public spending, public revenues, public debt)? In order to answer the questions, fluctuations in oil prices have a significant impact on the performance of fiscal policy in Iraq, as it is one of the renter countries that depend mainly on the oil sector. The researcher developed a standard model consisting of the independent variable represented by (crude oil prices), and the dependent variables (public spending, public revenues, public debt, consumer spending and investment spending) and using the autoregressive model (VAR), and reached the following conclusions: The determination (R² = 0.89) means that there is an explanatory power to explain that the changes in the dependent variables will be at a rate of (0.89) as a result of the changes in the independent variable (crude oil prices). High impact of crude oil prices on fiscal policy tools

The research aims to show the level and degree of economic diversification in the foreign trade structure of the Iraqi economy, so the focus has been on diversifying exports and imports through the use of the Herfindal -Hirschmann coefficient as it is one of the most important indicators for measuring economic diversification. In the Iraqi economy, and its continued dependence on oil revenues and exports, and therefore the diversification of imports and exports dependent on the contribution of the various productive sectors in it must be accompanied by the achievement of other goals, in which it is important that the expansion of the activities of these sectors constitute promising alternatives to diversifying the economic base and reducing dependence on Oil revenues and exports

Taxation plays an important role in mobilizing the financial resources of countries and maximizing economic efficiency. Most countries depend on this method, which is an indispensable source of finance for public expenditure. With the assessment and collection of taxes through its divisions and branches distributed in all governorates and is considered the authority responsible for implementing the tax policy in Iraq where it imposes income tax, real estate, companies, and others, through which it strengthens its position by supporting the state revenues and development through And the legislations issued by it and the instructions and annual publications issued by it to enable all members of the state to get acquainted with the core and work of the systems of the tax services. The current research aims to identify the tax revenues and the extent of the contribution of these revenues in filling the expected fiscal deficit in the federal budget in Iraq.
To know the importance of tax revenues in financing and the public treasury of the state with funds to cover its public expenses

Trying researcher in this study detected the concept of globalization and the various dimensions and the analysis of some phenomena associated with this concept in the light of globalization is a political pattern cultural economic model Western developed out of its borders to the other globalization they pose grave challenges for developing countries and the challenges and risks vary between political risks cultural, economic and other third are all linked to attempts by the United States and the world profiling singling global Bashan and his administration unilaterally proportion to their interests and objectives which requires developing a strategy to meet these challenges.After clarification of globalization and its dimensions and different forms and manifestations review the researcher unemployment and raised by different types
and manifestations and then highlights the ways to tackle unemployment in the context of globalization ,It came this study was to address the research and analysis of the impact of globalization on unemployment in developing countries through a questionnaire to the statement of views in kind to members of the sample induction were distributed (30) questionnaire has been adopted as the main source for the collection of information relating to research has included a questionnaire form (21) question has been divided into the dimensions related to the first variable (globalization) and the second variable (unemployment), it was then validate hypotheses using a combination of statistical methods to reach the desired results and knowledge of conclusions and recommendations

Good work in continuous work in continuous work in teamwork, good work in improving the performance of the organization on balanced performance measures.
The research was embodied in two variables about two variables and b (team leadership effectiveness, loyalty to the team mission, team cohesion) as an independent variable and organizational performance as a reliable variable represented by (the dimension of internal operations, the financial dimension, and the dimension of growth and learning), according to an integrated overview and dimensions, watching The research organization was modified.
The researchers collected data from (30) samples of workers in the college, which is the site of those who belong to work teams, by adopting the questionnaire as an accreditation tool, and adopting the rank coefficient of correlation to Spearman's hypothesis test.

Monetary shocks occur as a result of sudden, random, unintended changes that occur in the means of payment available in the economy, while financial stability represents the ability of the financial system to perform its basic functions, which in turn is to carry out financial intermediation efficiently, and there is no doubt that monetary shocks of various kinds (supply shocks Money, money demand shocks, interest rate shocks, and exchange rate shocks) directly affected the stability of the financial system, as well as monetary shocks that restrict the work of the banking system and hedge it in granting credit and raising interest rates, and most countries have suffered from shocks, including Iraq, which It faced several shocks, including those of the recent rise in exchange rates, and the study concluded that monetary shocks directly affect the stability of the financial system, so the central bank must seek to strengthen banking liquidity to face any sudden shocks and crises,
as well as the use of technical treatments and Technology to deal with cash shocks of all kinds.

The research aims, according to Tobin's theory, to invest in the channels of transmission of the impact of monetary policy represented by the channel (money supply, exchange rate, interest rate, and inflation rate) through investment spending on the stock prices of the Bank of Baghdad for the period (2007-2021), and the inductive approach was adopted in the research as well On the use of modern statistical programs (Eviews12, Stata15) in the quantitative aspect to measure and analyze the channels of transmission of the impact of monetary policy on the prices of the Bank of Baghdad shares, and the sem model and path analysis were used, and the research concluded that the inflation rate only had a significant effect on the prices of the Bank of Baghdad shares The rest of the variables had no significant effect

The research aims to study successful leadership skills in tourism organizations and their role in spreading the culture of quality - according to the opinions of a sample of managers in the Babylon Tourism Authority. The researcher adopted the descriptive analytical approach in his study. The sample of the study in the commission consisted of three departments represented by (senior management, affairs and follow-up department, and classification department) with 55 questionnaires. Some statistical means and methods were used that are commensurate with the nature of the questions prepared in the questionnaire, as the electronic spreadsheet program (Excel) was used to dump the data, and the statistical analysis program (SPSS) was also used, as well as the arithmetic mean, standard deviation, ratios, frequencies, and linear regression, and for To analyze the stability and validity of the questionnaire, the Alphac Cronbach coefficient was used.
The five-point Likert scale was adopted in the preparation of the questionnaire items. The research concluded that the dimensions of successful leadership skills are related to and influence the dissemination of a culture of quality. The researcher reached a set of conclusions, the most prominent of which was the presence of a strong soft correlation between the dimensions of successful leadership skills combined and the dimensions of spreading the culture of quality combined, as the correlation coefficient between them reached (0.636**) at the level of significance (0.000), which is less than the level of significance (0.05). This means accepting the first main hypothesis, which states (there is a significant correlation between the dimensions of successful leadership skills combined and the dimensions of spreading the culture of quality combined). The research came out with several recommendations, most notably the need to increase the interest of officials in the organization with leadership skills, and spread the culture of quality, as they have a major role in achieving the success of the organization, and delegating employees and giving them powers, and allowing them to participate in the decision-making process that contributes to achieving the dissemination of a culture of quality and the success of the organization.