Muthanna Medical Journal

Breast cancer is among the most commonly diagnosed cancer types in women worldwide and is the
second leading cause of cancer-related disease in the USA. Recent data have suggested that many
cytokines may be essential roles in the pathogenesis of breast cancer. The goal of this paper is to
examine the major cytokines involved in breast cancer immunotherapy and discuss their basic
biology and clinical presentation. IL-1, IL-6, IL-10, and TNF-α in patients with breast cancer (n =
63) and healthy individuals as control (n = 68). We found that there were higher levels of IL-6, IL
10 and TNF-α in patients with breast cancer compared to healthy controls (P<0.05) and highly
correlated to NF-B. We conclude that the significance of selected cytokines is potential clinical
markers of breast cancer in humans.

Cytokines may be implicated in the patho-physiological mechanism of preterm and term labor. Many studies indicates cytokines as predictors of preterm delivery and explain partially mechanism of preterm uterine contraction. The objective of this study was to find out whether preterm labor is associated with raised maternal serum concentration of intreleukine-6 and interleukine-8 levels. Fifty-pregnant women in preterm labor (group A), 25 term pregnant women in labor (group B), and 25 women preterm not in labor (group C). The serum cytokines levels were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA). The result showed that IL6 and IL8 significantly higher during preterm labor and term labor in compares with preterm group did not in labor. No statistical difference was found in cytokines levels between women in preterm labor with rupture membranes and those with intact membranes. There was a significant higher serum concentration of IL6 in late preterm labor (34weeks-36+6days) compared with early preterm labor (24weeks-33weeks+6days). In conclusion; our data presented that higher serum cytokines levels (IL-6 &IL-8) in patient with preterm labor and term labor than preterm not in labor. The increase of IL-6 &IL-8 level during labor can be related with the possible role of these cytokines in the immunological mechanism of labor beginning.

Trace element such as zinc and copper display antioxidant activity and act as peroxynitrate
scavenger while others such as magnesium and calcium essential micronutrients. The aim of this
study to determine the status of these elements in preeclamptic pregnant women and to find any
relationship between changes in serum level of zinc, copper, magnesium and calcium in
preeclamptic women and healthy women and to assess the relation to severity of the disease in Al
Najef city. The patients included in this study were divided into two groups control group who are
normotensive (50) and study group who are preeclampsia (50 patients, 31 mild preeclampsia and 19
severe preeclampsia). Parameters include age, parity, urine albumin, liver function test, renal
function test and platelets count. Maternal blood aspirated and cord blood sample taken to measure
serum copper, zinc, magnesium and calcium using commercial kits. There is significant decrease in
the level of trace elements between the control and preeclamptic groups. The mean serum level of
calcium, magnesium, copper and zinc between the preeclamptic group and control group was
significantly different. It seems that these trace elements are involved in the pathogenesis of
preeclampsia.