Iraqi Journal of Market Research and Consumer Protection

The controversy is currently revolving around industrial additives, including antioxidants, their negative effects on consumer health and the emergence of various and various diseases, which led scientists and researchers to intensify most studies on natural antioxidants and their synthesis from medicinal plants mentioned in ancient medicine and in divine books as potential antioxidants of increasing importance. Therefore, this study was designed to synthesize silver nitrate particles from plant leaf extracts (Figs, Olives, and Moringa) and study their effect on bacterial inhibition of each of the undesirable Coliform bacteria (E-Coli,- gram) and the streptococcus bacteria of (Staphylococcus aureus + Gram) and antioxidants after analysis of phytochemicals and essential compounds of these plants. The results showed that it contained a high percentage of phenols and total flavonoids, followed by coumarin, then it contained good amounts of alkaloids, tannins, saponins, resins, terpenes and steroids. The study also showed a high and significant inhibition of the plant mixture nano extract on coliform bacteria, as well as streptococcus bacteria, in addition to its effectiveness as an antioxidant compared to the synthetic antioxidant Butylated Hydroxy Toluene (BHT) and the extract of the natural combination. The results of this study proved that the leaves of the plants blend (Fig, Olive and Moringa) are an excellent natural source of anti-bacterial and antioxidant effects that interfere with their effects on public health. Therefore, this botanical mixture, as mentioned in the Great Book of God (Figs, Olives, and Sennin phase) has great benefits and a promising future in several areas, including nutritional supplements and food additives for various food products instead of industrial oxidation additives and their known side effects, in addition to that this mixture has a promising future. Also in the manufacture of fast-curing Nano medicines in direct contact with pathogens.

This study was conducted in Baghdad Governorate for the period from February to August 2021 for the purpose of investigating the levels of some minerals such as calcium, iron, zinc, copper and lead in powdered infant formula available in local markets and comparing them with the permissible international, Arab and Iraqi levels. The study included the examination and analysis of (10) ten samples of powdered infant formula for different brands: (Similac Gold 1, 2 and 3) (Kikoz 1, 2and 3) (Dielac 1) and (Novalac Genio and 2). The results showed variations in the concentration of calcium, iron, zinc, copper and lead. The results of these levels in the concentrations of some minerals are than the permissible limits, and thus the above models are suitable for human consumption.

The research was conducted at the University of Baghdad/ Jadiriyah Complex from February to August 2021 and data was collected from 6 consulting offices as well as 5 research centers. Baghdad University/Jadiriyah Complex is a combination of traditional university and research university through their available advisory offices and research centers whose primary duty is to research and study according to a pre-prepared annual plan, both of which provide services and advice to the public and private sectors. as well as laboratories and clinics serving students, researchers and citizens at nominal wages, Research and studies carried out by researchers for the purpose of obtaining scientific promotion, changing scientific titles, etc., as well as supervising graduate research, some of which are solutions to problems in the public and private sectors. Through research sources, there has been a clear lack of cooperation between State ministries, their departments and the private sector with advisory offices and scientific research centers within the University/ Jadiriyah Complex, although they are accredited by the Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research and related bodies. There was also a weakness in terms of information for the purpose of informing citizens of the services provided by the above offices and centers, as well as in terms of the remuneration of examinations and consultations, where there was a difference between them and the offices of the private sector, which were similar to the government advisory offices, as well as the specialization of a consulting office. (Advisory Office of the Centre for Urban and Regional Higher Education Planning) in urban planning, which is not similar in operation at the University of Baghdad but in Iraq, as well as one of the research centers The Market Research and Consumer Protection Center is the only center at the University and in Iraq specializing in market research and studies and consumer protection.

The research included the isolation of 12 bacterial isolates from stool samples of children with acute watery and bloody diarrhea under the age of five years, as it was possible to obtain 6 isolates of Escherichia coli, 3 isolates of Salmonella typhimurium, and 3 isolates of Shigella flexneri. Vitek2 system, and the inhibitory activity of lactoferrin and killer toxin produced from S. cerevisiae against pathogenic bacteria was studied by the well diffusion method, as the results recorded that the killer toxin had the highest inhibitory activity towards pathological bacteria with varying results, and the lowest inhibitory concentration was determined The MIC of the lactoferrin and the killer toxin against the bacterial isolates under study using the turbidity method in the tubes. for antibiotics, as the results showed a The relationship was synergistic due to the activity of lactoferrin with killer toxin in inhibiting the action of pathogenic bacteria, whose inhibitory activity increases with increasing concentration used.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the activity of some oxidative enzymes in three genotypes of maize namely (Baghdad, 5018, Sara) under three sowing dates: (26July, 4August and 12August) and denote (D1, D2 and D3). A field experiment was conducted at field of College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, University of Baghdad/Al- Jadriya for the fall season 2021- 2022, factorial experiment was conducted using randomized blocks (RCBD) with three replicates. Significant differences were found among genotypes for the number of grains in the row, and the number of kernels in the ear. The results showed that superiority of the genotype (Baghdad) in the characteristic of Tasseling and Silking flowering 50%, plant yield with averages of 58.89d, 62.89d and 164.6g, respectively. While the genotype (Sara) was superior to the weight of 100 kernels, with an average weight of 27.34g. Genotype (5018) gave the highest value for Catalase (CAT) and Peroxidase (POD) enzyme, which was 2.16 u/mg and 0.51 u/mg, respectively, while genotype (Sara) gave the highest value for Superoxide dismutases (SODs), which was 50.15u/mg The (D1) showed an increase in most of the traits averages, especially (50% tasseling which gave 65.00d),(50% Silking which gave 68.00d),(weight of 100 grains which reached 26.91g) and (POD enzyme 0.56 u/mg).
The (D3) gave the highest value for plant yield which was 162.1g, CAT enzyme 2.54u/mg and SOD enzyme 57.34u/mg.

This study was conducted in the Ruminants Research Station, Office of Agricultural Research/ Ministry of Agriculture- Iraq to detect CYP17 gene polymorphisms in Local and Shami goat, as well as to establish if SNPs could be associated with some productive and reproductive traits such as total milk yield (TMY) and its components, in addition to reproductive traits which included litter size and fertility. An important single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (G2276C) were found in the studying fragment (804 bp), which include Exon2, intron2, and partial of Exon3 by using DNA sequencing technique, two genotypes were produced wild GG and GC in both breeds. Results proposed a highly differences among distribution of genotypes percentage and allele frequencies in both breeds, Results stated a significant relationship between polymorphisms of this SNPs and milk fat percentage and litter size, where hetero genotype GC exceeded GG genotype in milk fat percentage and litter size in Local goat, whereas wild genotype GG distinguished in milk fat percentage in Shami goat.

Between October 15, 2021, and November 26, 2021, this study was carried out in the broiler field at the College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, University of Baghdad in Abu Ghraib to examine the effects of adding various dosages of onion powder, "Allium cepa linn", to broiler chicks' diets on the physiological characteristics. The experiment employed 225 unsexed (Ross 308) one-day-old broiler chicks with an average weight of 40g. A total of 225 chicks were divided into 5 treatments by three replicates in each treatment with 15 chicks per replicate randomly. The experimental treatments were as follows: The chicks were first fed starter ration from one day old to 21 d old, after which they were fed a finisher diet from 22 to 42 d old. The treatments were described as T1 (control treatment): basal diet without onion powder addition, T2: basal diet with 2g/kg of onion powder/kg of feed, T3: basal diet with …….. 4g/kg of feed of onion powder as part of the T3 treatment. Both the T4 treatment and the T5 treatment added onion powder at rates of 6g and 8g per kilogram of feed, respectively. The experiments findings suggested the following: There was a significant decrease (P<0.05) in the level of serum cholesterol concentration for the T2 treatment compared to that of the T1 controlled treatment. However, the T2 treatment did not differ significantly with the T3, T4 and T5 treatments. When comparing the level of the liver enzymes AST and ALT for the T5 treatment to that of the T1 controlled treatment, there was a significant improvement (P<0.05). While there was little difference between the T5 treatment and the T2, T3, and T4 treatments.

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the biological control activity of Pseudomonas fluorescens PO2 and chelated iron Fe-EDDHA (Fe) at a concentration of 0.5% and the interaction between them for inhibiting Fusarium oxysporum Fo6 on pepper. In vitro, PO2 significantly inhibited the growth of Fo6 with an inhibition rate of 83.33% compared with control, and chelated iron caused a significant decrease for Fo6 with an inhibition rate 66.67% compared with control, while was not affecting the growth of PO2. The results of the pot experiment showed that the treatment (Fo6+PO2+Fe) showed a highest significant difference in reducing the disease incidence and disease severity which amounted to 6.67% compared with control (Pathogen only) (100, 85)% respectively. Also, the treatment (PO2+Fe without the pathogen) was increased the total fresh root and vegetative weight (46.17, 136.8) g respectively and was increase in the dry root and vegetative weight as reached (4.87, 10.07) g respectively compared with control (not inoculated plants) which amounted (12.1, 75.67, 1.83, 5.33) g respectively. In greenhouse experiment the results showed the excellence of the treatment (Fo6+PO2+Fe) in reducing the incidence of infection, which amounted to 10% and the severity of injury amounted to 5.83% compared with the control which recorder to (100, 74)% respectively, as well showed a significant increase in the iron percentage due to response of plant for adding chelated iron into roots with significant differences between treatments. Depending on the results, the use of P. fluorescens with chelated iron can be recommended to control pepper wilt disease caused by F. oxysporum.

This study was initiated to assess the efficacy of some biological materials separately or mixed to control Rhizoctonia root rot disease caused by the fungus Rhizoctonia solani. In vitro efficacy assessment showed; glutathione could inhabit fungal growth up to 100% at concentration 3000 mg/L. Whereas, the bacterium Azospirillum brasilense scored 78.63% inhibitory at 10-5 concentration. The fungal bio-agent Trichoderma viride scored 1.33 highest antagonistic activity 5 days of inoculation on PDA medium. Under greenhouse conditions, (Tr + Az + G+ R. solani) and (Tr + G+ R. solani) combination treatments could decrease R.solani infectivity and disease severity up to 0.00% compared to 73.33 and 68.33% for control treatment, respectively. Similarly, these two treatments could induce systemic acquired resistance (SAR) when scored the highest polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity 6 and 12d of pathogenic fungus inoculation compared to healthy control. They scored 82.14 and 67.07, 78.12 and 65.33 absorbance increase rate (AIR)/min/g fresh leaf weight, respectively, compared to 41.67, 40.08 for AIR/min/g fresh leaf weight, respectively, for healthy control. Amongst other treatments, (Az + R.solani) scored 11.553% highest protein content compared to 9.433% for healthy control.

This new Schiff base ligand (L) were prepared from condensation reaction of 3-amino-4-(1-methoxy-1-oxo-3-phenylpropan-2-ylamino)-4-oxo butanoic acid(aspartame) with 4-(dimethyl amino benzaldehyde). A series of complexes of divalent, trivalent and tetravalent ions were prepared. The ligand and the prepared complexes of cobalt, nickel, copper, palladium, platinum and gold have been characterized by several techniques such as C.H.N.O, FT-IR, molar conductivity, UV– visible, magnetic moment, 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR. Experimental findings demonstrated that the ligand formed tetra-dentate coordination with the metal ions. The biological activity was studied by using two types of gram positive Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, and gram negative bacteria E. coli, Klebsiella with one type of fungi candida at a concentration of 0.02 M. The results showed that the prepared metal complexes and ligand are more effective than the standard drug in bacteria and fungi. The molar ratio method was used to calculate the ratio of metal to ligand. The experimental results have proven its interaction in a ratio of (1:1). Additionally, the hyper-Chem 8.0.7 program was used to calculate the binding energy and the standard heat of formation of the ligand(L) and all prepared complexes, in addition to calculating the vibration frequency of the ligand, also HOMO and LUMO.

7-Hydroxy-4-methyl coumarin(H1) compound have been synthesized by resorcinol and ethyl acetoacetate reaction. 4-methyl-2-oxo-2H-chromen-7-yl 2-chloroacetate(H2) is highly reactive compounds. It has been used as intermediate in some reactions. It has been synthesized and reacted with hydrazine hydrate to produce4-methyl-2-oxo-2H-chromen-7-yl 2-hydrazinylacetate (H3).Schiff Bases Compound (H4) is synthesized by reacting the compound (H3) with P-hydroxy benzaldehyde, then reacted(H4) with sodium azide, mercaptoacetic acid, chloroacetyl chloride and anhydrides such as (3- nitro phathalic anhydride, maleic anhydride, succinic anhydride) which produced tetrazole(H5), thiazolidinone (H6), β–Lactam (H7), and Oxazepine Compounds(H8-H10) respectively. The prepared derivatives have been identified by FT-IR, 1HNMR. Some of these compounds have bene screened for their antioxidant activity.

This study was conducted at the University of Baghdad, College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences/Department of Plant Protection for the period 2021-2022, with the aim of isolating and diagnosing the pathogens that cause root rot and wilt disease on Catharanthus roseus in different areas of Baghdad, and conducting an integrated control of the pathogen using biological and chemical control. The results of isolation and identification the presence of 4 types of fungi accompanying plants: Fusarium oxysporum, F. solani, F. equiseti and Rhizoctonia solani in different nurseries in Baghdad regions, and the most frequent species were the species F. solani, F. equiseta (FeL1), The results of the antagonism test showed that the commercial preparation of Trichoderma harzianum had a high antagonistic ability against FeL1 on the PDA medium. The results also showed that the use of Beltanol at concentrations (50, 100, 500, 1000, 1500 and 2000) mg/L led to a 100% inhibition of the growth FeL1 for concentrations, compared to the control treatment without fungicide on PDA in which the inhibition rate was 0.00%, and the use of Beltanol at a concentration of (50) mg/L did not have a significant effect on the T. harzianum with significant differences from the rest of the concentrations used in the test, as well as the results of the effect of the efficiency of the T. harzianum and the Beltanol alone and their interactions in combating the disease under the conditions of the greenhouse and the nursery showed that All treatments led to a decrease in the rate and severity of infection with the pathogenic F. equiseti and an increase in the fresh and dry weight of the vegetative and root total of seedlings of the dwarf variety.

This study was conducted in the plastic house of the College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences at the University of Baghdad to evaluate the activity of Hirsutella sp. fungus and Nematode Verox against Meloidogyne spp. causative agent of root knots in Fig seedlings. Treatment of Meloidogyne spp. eggs with Hirsutella sp. at 20ml/L and with Verox at 2g/L caused significant inhibition in eggs hatching after 3,5 and 7 d. The number of non- hatching eggs were 96.70, 54.00and 29.30 eggs respectively in petri plates treated with Hirsutella sp., 106.70, 60.00and 46.00 eggs respectively in petri plates treated with Verox compared with 116.70, 111.00and96.00 eggs respectively in control. The treatment caused significant inhibition of juvenile-2 at the same periods. The number of juvenile-2 were 123.30, 114.00and 109.30 petri plates treated with Hirsutella sp at 20ml/L110.00, 63.00 and 26.70 in seedlings treated with Verox at 2g/L compared with 136.70, 132.00and120.00 in control after 3,5 and 7 d respectively. High significant reduction in root knots index and disease severity were observed in seedlings treated with Hirsutella sp. and Verox, 2.00 and 1.33% compared with 3.33 and 3.32% in control respectively. Significant increase in Phenylalanine Ammonia– Lyase and Chitinase activity induced in Fig seedling treated with Hirsutella sp. and Verox. PAL activity attained to 17.43and19.23 and 18.85 mg cinnamic acid/h/g fresh weight in seedlings treated with Hirsutella sp.16.76, 18.56and 18.05 mg cinnamic acid/ h /g fresh weight in seedlings treated with Verox compared with 15.30, 17.13and 15.74 mg cinnamic acid /h/g fresh weight in control after 3,5and 7 d respectively. The treatment induced significant increase in nitrogen and potassium in the leaves, Nitrogen and potassium percentage were attained to 7.619% and 2.120% in seedling treated with Hirsutella sp. 3.558%and 2.080% in seedlings treated with Verox compared with 2.858% and 1.820% in control respectively. Significant increase in leaf area and in seedlings height were observed in treated seedlings, 157.467 cm²and2.667 cm in seedling treated with Hirsutella sp, 134.687 cm2and 3.837 cm in seedlings treated with Verox compared with 105.883 cm2and 0.662 cm in control respectively. The treatment of Fig seedlings with Hirsutella sp and Verox induced significant increase in leaf chlorophyll content, foliage fresh weight, root fresh weight, foliage dry weight that attained to 37.17, 44.67, 60.63, 16.90 and 17.2ag respectively in Seedlings treated with Hirsutella sp, 35.83 , 44.33 , 52.50, 14.63 and 19.20g respectively in seedling treated with Verox, compared with 30.90, 28.57, 39.00 ,11.63 and 12.07g in control respectively.

The research deals with the role of leadership and effective strategic planning for news managers in radio and television in enhancing performance and raising the efficiency of newsroom workers. Leadership in establishing a culture of creativity, and the study was conducted on a sample of (123) workers in media institutions operating in Iraq and registered with the Media and Communication Commission. Respondents, as for the axis of measuring and managing creativity and raising efficiency by the administration of newsrooms, which encourages individual work and the participation of cadres in making decisions and developing creative ideas, the measurement ratio between two categories is large and very large, and the measurement of the third axis related to establishing a culture of creativity The goal of effective change is large, especially with regard to building a work environment conducive to creativity and encouraging freedom of opinion at an average rate.

As the document of national strategy for Iraqi environment protection from(2013-2017) shows that the environmental awareness concepts is new in the Iraqi society and so limited due to the economic and security priorities under the current conditions, especially aqua environmental awareness side, for verifying this important variable an investigation was carried out to measure the amount of Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon for six water channels in Basrah, which polluted from different sources, these are Al Garmah River, Shatt Al Arab(Corniesh street location), (Abu Floos, Khor Al Zubair, Umm Qasr, and Al Fao ) Ports. The highest concentration of TPH was found inUmm Qasr Port, 22.10 µg/L and the lowest concentration of TPH was found in Al Garmah River, 5.35 µg/L.

A laboratory experiment was carried out in the laboratories of (Seed Examination and Certification Department of the Ministry of Agriculture and Postgraduate Laboratories- College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences - University of Baghdad) in 2021-2022, to determine the best combination of acadian concentration (seaweed extract) 0, 1500, 2000 and 2500 mg/L , under three levels of salt stress 5, 10 and 15 dS/m as well as control treatment through traits of seedlings of wheat (cv. Tammuz). A factorial experiment was applied according to a completely randomized design with three repetitions. The seed soaking treatment was superior to the concentration 2500 mg/L in the first count, final count, radicle length, stalk length, seedling strength index, and seedling dry weight. The salt tensile level 15 dS/m negatively affected the averages of all studied traits. The combination 5 dS/m × 2500 mg/L recorded a significant superiority in (first count, radicle length, stalk length, seedling strength index). A combination of 0 NaCl × 2500 mg/L significantly in the final count.

In this research, new derivatives of bicyclic fused rings containing bridgehead nitrogen atom imidazo/benzothiazole were prepared from 2-aminobenzothiazole with 2-bromo-1-(4-bromophenyl)ethan-1-one to form compound A1. Then, through the Mannich reaction, compound A2 was prepared from compound A1 with formaldehyde and 4-aminoacetophenone. Schiff bases A3-A6 were prepared from condensation reaction between compound A2 with different amines. Finally, the reduction reaction was accomplished by using NaBH4 to reduce the imine group to forming new compounds A7-A10. These compounds were characterized by FTIR, 1HNMR, and 13CNMR. The prepared compounds showed biological activity against some microorganisms.

A field experiment was carried out during the winter season for the year 2021-2022 at the Agricultural Research Station A of the Field Crops Department - College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences- University of Baghdad/ Al-Jadriya. To determine which of the plant densities has the most influence on the weeds associated with the flax crop (Syrian local variety). And to determine the best effect of the Johnson grass (sorghum halepance L.) weed extract, whether alone or in combination with the used Quizalofop- p- Tefuryl herbicide, and to use it in integratTed weed control programs to reduce dependence on herbicides in weed control, Reduce environmental pollution by these herbicides, According to the design of the Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD). In the order of split plot and with three replications, Such as the first factor, the distance between the row (20, 25, and 30) cm that represents the main plots. Then, the second factor is Control treatments which represent the subplots, (weed free (T1), application Quizalofop-p-Tefuryl at a rate of 2 mL commercial substance (T2), Recommended application rate, Johnson grass extract (stem and leaves) at a rate of 18 L (T3), half the amount of herbicide + half the amount of extract (T4), weedy (T5)).
The results showed the following:
The distance of 20 cm achieved the lowest dry weight of the weed and the highest average inhibition of 134.57 g/m2 and 49.91%, respectively. While the distance of 30 cm achieved the highest plant height of 78.63 cm, the highest number of main branches in the plant amounted to 5.162 branch/ plant. The highest weight Dry flax plants amounted to 355.21 g/m2. Moreover, the highest percentage of oil was 38.524%.
The treatment (T2) achieved the lowest dry weight of the weed and the highest percentage of inhibition amounting to 138.87 g/m2 and 49.91%, respectively. The highest plant height reached 76.92 cm, the highest number of main branches in the plant amounted to 5.158 branch/ plant, and the highest dry weight of flax plants reached 5.158 branch/ plant. 398.61 g/m2 and the highest percentage of oil was 37.35%.
The effect of the interaction between the two study factors was significant in most of the traits under study. As the distance of 20 cm with the T2 treatment achieved the lowest dry weight of the weed amounted to 124.53 g/m2 and the highest inhibition rate of 52.35%. While the interaction between the distance of 30 cm and T2 achieved the highest plant height of 80.04 cm, the highest average number of main branches reached 5.833 branch/ plant, and the highest dry weight of flax plants reached 398.61 g/m2 and achieved the highest percentage of oil amounted to 39.847%.

The experiment was carried out in the experimental field during the winter season of the year 2021-2022. The current study was carried out with the aim of evaluating the efficiency of the herbicide H-199 and comparing it with some herbicides used in the control of companion weeds with three cultivars of wheat and its effect on some growth characteristics. The experiment was applied according to the randomized complete block design (RCBD) with split plot arrangement by four replicates. Cultivars (IPA 99, Sham 6, and Rasheed) represent the main plots, while control treatments (H-199, Chevalier, Pallas, Atlantis, and weedy) represent the sub plots. The results showed the superiority of Pallas herbicide by contributing the lowest dry weight of weeds of 0.8 g, the highest inhibition ratio of weeds dry weight of 99.67%, the highest flag leaf area of 48.63 cm2, the highest number of tillers 374.9 tiller/m2. Besides, the highest biological yield of 14.207 ton/ha, compared with the comparison treatment that gave the highest weed dry weight of (223.8 g/m2). This treatment recorded the lowest inhibition ratio for the dry weight (0.00%), the lowest flag leaf area (40.33 cm2), the lowest number of tillers (178.6 tiller/m2), and the lowest biological yield (4.805 ton/ha). The results also showed the superiority of the Sham 6 cultivar, as it gave the lowest weed dry weight amounted to 29.7 g, the highest dry weight inhibition ratio amounted to 78.96%. Along with, the highest plant height reached 105.16 cm, the highest flag leaf area reached 50.27 cm2, the highest number of tillers reached 353.6 tiller/m2, and the highest biological yield reached 13,727 ton/ha. The interaction had a significant effect, as the treatment with H-199 with the cultivar Rasheed and the treatment with Pallas with the cultivar Sham 6. Plus, the treatment Pallas with the cultivar IPA 99, and the treatment with Chevalier with the cultivar IPA 99 gave the lowest dry weight of 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, and 0.0 g, respectively. Treatment Pallas herbicide with Sham 6 cultivar gave the highest inhibition ratio reached 100.00%, the highest plant height reached 110.22 cm, the highest flag leaf area reached 56.16 cm2, the highest number of tillers reached 408.7 tiller/m2, and the highest biological yield reached 18.615 ton/ha.

This study was conducted to analyze the effects of nisin, potassium sorbate and sodium lactate and their interactions in fat oxidation and some quality and microbial characteristics of chilled ground beef meat stored at 4˚C for 0, 4, 8 and 12 d. All nisin, potassium sorbate and sodium lactate treatments significantly increased pH. Total volatile nitrogen (TVN), peroxide value (PV) and free fatty acids (FFA) were decreased (P<0.05) in nisin, potassium sorbate and sodium lactate treatments when compared with the control sample at all refrigerated storage time. Nisin, potassium sorbate and sodium lactate treatments reduced (P<0.01) the psychrophilic bacteria count during refrigerated storage times.

Many of Iraqi consumers suffered every year from foodborne illness including food poisoning, symptoms of their diseases varies from usual symptoms which ends after a few days to severe cases which require hospitalization, and sometimes lead to death. In this research we collected data from Iraqi directorates related with consumer’s health to investigate the awareness of Iraqi population against foodborne illness. The questionnaire used as a tool research, based on information collected. Four most commune pathogens, which caused almost foodborne illness among Iraqi consumers have been investigated in the research. The collection data has been done by the questionnaire addressed to 500 consumers. The research focused to ask Iraqi consumer about their awareness of the pathogens causing foodborne illness and the way of infection. Results showed that Iraqi consumers were aware of foodborne illness risks causing by pathogens as following consequently: Typhoid Fever Sallmonella typhi 48%, Escherichia coli E coli 44%, Brucellosis Brucella ssp. 38%, Shigellosis Shigella ssp. 30%, and Amebiasis Entamoeba histolytica 21%.
The results obtained by the research reflected a lack in awareness of Iraqi consumer against pathogens causing foodborne illness.

The study was conducted in the fish laboratory, College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, University of Baghdad, with the aim of using the contents of the rumen of cows supported with the prebiotic as a diet for grass carp fish. In the research, 190 fish were used, with an average starting weight of 40 g. 15 fingerlings, the fish were fed on four types of rations equal in protein, after crushing and grinding the materials and adding the contents of the rumen at rates of 10, 15and 20, fortified with a prebiotic of 2 g/kg, except for the control ration free of addition. The results of the research indicated that the second treatment had a significant superiority over all treatments in terms of body weight rates, weight gain, relative and specific weight rates, feed conversion ratio, feed conversion efficiency, and apparent digestion coefficient, followed by the third treatment, then the fourth treatment, and for all durations of the experiment. The results also indicated that the fourth treatment had a significant superiority in the characteristic of the time for the appearance of droppings after 10 h had passed from the presentation of the diet, followed by the third treatment and then the second treatment .The results also indicated that feed consumption increased significantly for the second treatment,
followed by the third treatment, and then the fourth treatment.

The study aimed to demonstrate the effect of nitrogen fertilization on the yield of maize and its genotypes (Al Maha, Sumer, Al Fajr, Baghdad, 5018, Zia1×Zia4, Zia2×Zia4) under two levels of nitrogen fertilization (92 and 276 kg N/ ha), the experiment was applied using the randomized complete block design (RCBD) with split plot arrangement with three replications, and the main plots included two levels of nitrogen fertilization, As for the sub-plots, they included seven genotypes, The results showed the superiority of genotype 5018 by giving it the highest total kernels yield amounting to 8.541 tons/ h as a result of its superiority in the characteristics of the yield components which are the number of ears (1.350 ear / plant), the number of kernels per ear (721.950 kernel/ ear) and the weight of 100 kernel (29.340 g), as for the levels of nitrogen fertilization, the results showed that the levels of fertilizers were not significant in all traits except for the characteristic of the biological yield.

The study was conducted in the sheep farm of the Al-Fayhaa station in the Jableh sub-district/ Al-Musaib project (55 km south of Baghdad), as well as the Biotechnology Laboratory in the College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences/ University of Baghdad for the period from 5/1/2022 to 30/10/2022. With the aim of detection the ANXA9 gene polymorphism and its relationship with body weight, weight gain of lambs, Litter size and wool traits ,as well as the polymorphism distribution and allele frequency in 52 Awassi sheep and its lambs, three polymorphism appeared in this variant (T>G SNP) which are TT, TG and GG, and their percentage were 51.92, 40.38 and 7.69%, and differences between them were highly significant (P≤0.01), with a frequency of 0.72 and 0.28 for the T and G alleles, respectively. there was a significant discrepancy (P≤0.05) in the weight at weaning and at the age of 6 months for the GG genotype, as the rates for lambs with ewes carrying the GG genotype in this study were 19.25 and 26.37 kg, respectively. The results showed that was significant (P≤0.05) and superiority for mothers with the TG heterozygous compared to those with the GG in Litter size , at a rate of 1.19 and 1.00 births / litter, respectively. It turned out that there was a significant variation (P≤0.05) in the fiber diameter of wool according to the ANXA9 gene polymorphism in Awassi ewes. We can conclude by studying the ANXA9 gene polymorphism that they can be adopted in developing strategies for genetic improvement of sheep, and the application of the study to a larger sample and to several sites and extracting the interaction between two SNPs would give more accurate results and determine the best method for managing and improving sheep flocks.

The effect of adding encapsulated Folic Acid(FA) to at a rate of 7.5 mg / 120 mL of Lactic Fermenter) LF( was studied as one of the fortification methods that should be included in the diet to reduce the pathological conditions resulting from a deficiency of FA in the body, as it is one of the vitamins that are not synthesized inside the body, and the results showed that The coefficients that gave the highest percentage of encapsulation were FA encapsulated with sodium alginate. The results of chemical tests of LF stored at refrigerator temperature 5° C for a period from 0- 21d from the addition of standard FA T1 and encapsulated FA T2 showed that the addition of FA did not affect the chemical properties of yogurt, especially T2 represented by LF fortified with encapsulated FA, which makes it qualified to be one of the methods Reinforcing the absence of negative effects on the properties of the obtained product.