The controversy is currently revolving around industrial additives, including antioxidants, their negative effects on consumer health and the emergence of various and various diseases, which led scientists and researchers to intensify most studies on natural antioxidants and their synthesis from medicinal plants mentioned in ancient medicine and in divine books as potential antioxidants of increasing importance. Therefore, this study was designed to synthesize silver nitrate particles from plant leaf extracts (Figs, Olives, and Moringa) and study their effect on bacterial inhibition of each of the undesirable Coliform bacteria (E-Coli,- gram) and the streptococcus bacteria of (Staphylococcus aureus + Gram) and antioxidants after analysis of phytochemicals and essential compounds of these plants. The results showed that it contained a high percentage of phenols and total flavonoids, followed by coumarin, then it contained good amounts of alkaloids, tannins, saponins, resins, terpenes and steroids. The study also showed a high and significant inhibition of the plant mixture nano extract on coliform bacteria, as well as streptococcus bacteria, in addition to its effectiveness as an antioxidant compared to the synthetic antioxidant Butylated Hydroxy Toluene (BHT) and the extract of the natural combination. The results of this study proved that the leaves of the plants blend (Fig, Olive and Moringa) are an excellent natural source of anti-bacterial and antioxidant effects that interfere with their effects on public health. Therefore, this botanical mixture, as mentioned in the Great Book of God (Figs, Olives, and Sennin phase) has great benefits and a promising future in several areas, including nutritional supplements and food additives for various food products instead of industrial oxidation additives and their known side effects, in addition to that this mixture has a promising future. Also in the manufacture of fast-curing Nano medicines in direct contact with pathogens.

This study was conducted in Baghdad Governorate for the period from February to August 2021 for the purpose of investigating the levels of some minerals such as calcium, iron, zinc, copper and lead in powdered infant formula available in local markets and comparing them with the permissible international, Arab and Iraqi levels. The study included the examination and analysis of (10) ten samples of powdered infant formula for different brands: (Similac Gold 1, 2 and 3) (Kikoz 1, 2and 3) (Dielac 1) and (Novalac Genio and 2). The results showed variations in the concentration of calcium, iron, zinc, copper and lead. The results of these levels in the concentrations of some minerals are than the permissible limits, and thus the above models are suitable for human consumption.

The research was conducted at the University of Baghdad/ Jadiriyah Complex from February to August 2021 and data was collected from 6 consulting offices as well as 5 research centers. Baghdad University/Jadiriyah Complex is a combination of traditional university and research university through their available advisory offices and research centers whose primary duty is to research and study according to a pre-prepared annual plan, both of which provide services and advice to the public and private sectors. as well as laboratories and clinics serving students, researchers and citizens at nominal wages, Research and studies carried out by researchers for the purpose of obtaining scientific promotion, changing scientific titles, etc., as well as supervising graduate research, some of which are solutions to problems in the public and private sectors. Through research sources, there has been a clear lack of cooperation between State ministries, their departments and the private sector with advisory offices and scientific research centers within the University/ Jadiriyah Complex, although they are accredited by the Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research and related bodies. There was also a weakness in terms of information for the purpose of informing citizens of the services provided by the above offices and centers, as well as in terms of the remuneration of examinations and consultations, where there was a difference between them and the offices of the private sector, which were similar to the government advisory offices, as well as the specialization of a consulting office. (Advisory Office of the Centre for Urban and Regional Higher Education Planning) in urban planning, which is not similar in operation at the University of Baghdad but in Iraq, as well as one of the research centers The Market Research and Consumer Protection Center is the only center at the University and in Iraq specializing in market research and studies and consumer protection.

The research included the isolation of 12 bacterial isolates from stool samples of children with acute watery and bloody diarrhea under the age of five years, as it was possible to obtain 6 isolates of Escherichia coli, 3 isolates of Salmonella typhimurium, and 3 isolates of Shigella flexneri. Vitek2 system, and the inhibitory activity of lactoferrin and killer toxin produced from S. cerevisiae against pathogenic bacteria was studied by the well diffusion method, as the results recorded that the killer toxin had the highest inhibitory activity towards pathological bacteria with varying results, and the lowest inhibitory concentration was determined The MIC of the lactoferrin and the killer toxin against the bacterial isolates under study using the turbidity method in the tubes. for antibiotics, as the results showed a The relationship was synergistic due to the activity of lactoferrin with killer toxin in inhibiting the action of pathogenic bacteria, whose inhibitory activity increases with increasing concentration used.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the activity of some oxidative enzymes in three genotypes of maize namely (Baghdad, 5018, Sara) under three sowing dates: (26July, 4August and 12August) and denote (D1, D2 and D3). A field experiment was conducted at field of College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, University of Baghdad/Al- Jadriya for the fall season 2021- 2022, factorial experiment was conducted using randomized blocks (RCBD) with three replicates. Significant differences were found among genotypes for the number of grains in the row, and the number of kernels in the ear. The results showed that superiority of the genotype (Baghdad) in the characteristic of Tasseling and Silking flowering 50%, plant yield with averages of 58.89d, 62.89d and 164.6g, respectively. While the genotype (Sara) was superior to the weight of 100 kernels, with an average weight of 27.34g. Genotype (5018) gave the highest value for Catalase (CAT) and Peroxidase (POD) enzyme, which was 2.16 u/mg and 0.51 u/mg, respectively, while genotype (Sara) gave the highest value for Superoxide dismutases (SODs), which was 50.15u/mg The (D1) showed an increase in most of the traits averages, especially (50% tasseling which gave 65.00d),(50% Silking which gave 68.00d),(weight of 100 grains which reached 26.91g) and (POD enzyme 0.56 u/mg).
The (D3) gave the highest value for plant yield which was 162.1g, CAT enzyme 2.54u/mg and SOD enzyme 57.34u/mg.

This study was conducted in the Ruminants Research Station, Office of Agricultural Research/ Ministry of Agriculture- Iraq to detect CYP17 gene polymorphisms in Local and Shami goat, as well as to establish if SNPs could be associated with some productive and reproductive traits such as total milk yield (TMY) and its components, in addition to reproductive traits which included litter size and fertility. An important single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (G2276C) were found in the studying fragment (804 bp), which include Exon2, intron2, and partial of Exon3 by using DNA sequencing technique, two genotypes were produced wild GG and GC in both breeds. Results proposed a highly differences among distribution of genotypes percentage and allele frequencies in both breeds, Results stated a significant relationship between polymorphisms of this SNPs and milk fat percentage and litter size, where hetero genotype GC exceeded GG genotype in milk fat percentage and litter size in Local goat, whereas wild genotype GG distinguished in milk fat percentage in Shami goat.

Between October 15, 2021, and November 26, 2021, this study was carried out in the broiler field at the College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, University of Baghdad in Abu Ghraib to examine the effects of adding various dosages of onion powder, "Allium cepa linn", to broiler chicks' diets on the physiological characteristics. The experiment employed 225 unsexed (Ross 308) one-day-old broiler chicks with an average weight of 40g. A total of 225 chicks were divided into 5 treatments by three replicates in each treatment with 15 chicks per replicate randomly. The experimental treatments were as follows: The chicks were first fed starter ration from one day old to 21 d old, after which they were fed a finisher diet from 22 to 42 d old. The treatments were described as T1 (control treatment): basal diet without onion powder addition, T2: basal diet with 2g/kg of onion powder/kg of feed, T3: basal diet with …….. 4g/kg of feed of onion powder as part of the T3 treatment. Both the T4 treatment and the T5 treatment added onion powder at rates of 6g and 8g per kilogram of feed, respectively. The experiments findings suggested the following: There was a significant decrease (P<0.05) in the level of serum cholesterol concentration for the T2 treatment compared to that of the T1 controlled treatment. However, the T2 treatment did not differ significantly with the T3, T4 and T5 treatments. When comparing the level of the liver enzymes AST and ALT for the T5 treatment to that of the T1 controlled treatment, there was a significant improvement (P<0.05). While there was little difference between the T5 treatment and the T2, T3, and T4 treatments.

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the biological control activity of Pseudomonas fluorescens PO2 and chelated iron Fe-EDDHA (Fe) at a concentration of 0.5% and the interaction between them for inhibiting Fusarium oxysporum Fo6 on pepper. In vitro, PO2 significantly inhibited the growth of Fo6 with an inhibition rate of 83.33% compared with control, and chelated iron caused a significant decrease for Fo6 with an inhibition rate 66.67% compared with control, while was not affecting the growth of PO2. The results of the pot experiment showed that the treatment (Fo6+PO2+Fe) showed a highest significant difference in reducing the disease incidence and disease severity which amounted to 6.67% compared with control (Pathogen only) (100, 85)% respectively. Also, the treatment (PO2+Fe without the pathogen) was increased the total fresh root and vegetative weight (46.17, 136.8) g respectively and was increase in the dry root and vegetative weight as reached (4.87, 10.07) g respectively compared with control (not inoculated plants) which amounted (12.1, 75.67, 1.83, 5.33) g respectively. In greenhouse experiment the results showed the excellence of the treatment (Fo6+PO2+Fe) in reducing the incidence of infection, which amounted to 10% and the severity of injury amounted to 5.83% compared with the control which recorder to (100, 74)% respectively, as well showed a significant increase in the iron percentage due to response of plant for adding chelated iron into roots with significant differences between treatments. Depending on the results, the use of P. fluorescens with chelated iron can be recommended to control pepper wilt disease caused by F. oxysporum.

This study was initiated to assess the efficacy of some biological materials separately or mixed to control Rhizoctonia root rot disease caused by the fungus Rhizoctonia solani. In vitro efficacy assessment showed; glutathione could inhabit fungal growth up to 100% at concentration 3000 mg/L. Whereas, the bacterium Azospirillum brasilense scored 78.63% inhibitory at 10-5 concentration. The fungal bio-agent Trichoderma viride scored 1.33 highest antagonistic activity 5 days of inoculation on PDA medium. Under greenhouse conditions, (Tr + Az + G+ R. solani) and (Tr + G+ R. solani) combination treatments could decrease R.solani infectivity and disease severity up to 0.00% compared to 73.33 and 68.33% for control treatment, respectively. Similarly, these two treatments could induce systemic acquired resistance (SAR) when scored the highest polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity 6 and 12d of pathogenic fungus inoculation compared to healthy control. They scored 82.14 and 67.07, 78.12 and 65.33 absorbance increase rate (AIR)/min/g fresh leaf weight, respectively, compared to 41.67, 40.08 for AIR/min/g fresh leaf weight, respectively, for healthy control. Amongst other treatments, (Az + R.solani) scored 11.553% highest protein content compared to 9.433% for healthy control.

This new Schiff base ligand (L) were prepared from condensation reaction of 3-amino-4-(1-methoxy-1-oxo-3-phenylpropan-2-ylamino)-4-oxo butanoic acid(aspartame) with 4-(dimethyl amino benzaldehyde). A series of complexes of divalent, trivalent and tetravalent ions were prepared. The ligand and the prepared complexes of cobalt, nickel, copper, palladium, platinum and gold have been characterized by several techniques such as C.H.N.O, FT-IR, molar conductivity, UV– visible, magnetic moment, 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR. Experimental findings demonstrated that the ligand formed tetra-dentate coordination with the metal ions. The biological activity was studied by using two types of gram positive Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, and gram negative bacteria E. coli, Klebsiella with one type of fungi candida at a concentration of 0.02 M. The results showed that the prepared metal complexes and ligand are more effective than the standard drug in bacteria and fungi. The molar ratio method was used to calculate the ratio of metal to ligand. The experimental results have proven its interaction in a ratio of (1:1). Additionally, the hyper-Chem 8.0.7 program was used to calculate the binding energy and the standard heat of formation of the ligand(L) and all prepared complexes, in addition to calculating the vibration frequency of the ligand, also HOMO and LUMO.