Iraqi Journal of Market Research and Consumer Protection

In this contribution, new derivatives of thiosemicarbazon, cyclic thiazolidinone, yilidine thiazolidinone, and parazolo-thiazole were synthesized, starting from the reaction of 2 -aminobenzothiazole with p-bromo phenacyl bromide to give the first step of 2(4-bromo phenyl) imidazole (2,1 -b) benzo thiazole (1). Compound (1) then was subjected under Viels Myer Haack to yield 3-carbaldehyde linking with imidazo-benzothiazol (2). Compound (2) condensed with thiosemicarbazide togivenewsynthesis of thiosemicarbazon derivative (3). Compound 4-Oxo-1,3-thiazolidine (4) was constituted from reacting compound (3) with ethyl chloroacetate, while Thiazolidinone derivative (5) was formed by reacting compound (4) with aromatic aldehyde to give 4-Oxo-1,3-thiazolidine-5 benzylidene linking with imidazo-benzothiazol (5). Compound (5) was then reacted with hydrazine hydride to give fused ring of pyrazolo thaizolo derivatives (6). In the finally, azo methene groups were opening by two reagents are (acetic anhydride and 4-nitro benzoyl chloride) to give new derivatives of hydrazone contacted with imidazobenzothiazol (7) and (8) compound respectively. All the prepared compounds were identified by Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR), Proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1 H-NMR) and Carbon nuclear magnetic resonance (13C-NMR) spectra. Some of the synthesized compounds were evaluated via biological activity.

Titanium dioxide nanoparticles TiO2 NP were prepared by sol-gel method. TiO2 NP was identified and characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), ultraviolet spectroscopy (UV-vis), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), X-ray diffraction ( XRD) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The SEM results showed an irregular spherical shape with different diameters (22.84-65.98) nm. The highest UV-Vis absorption was recorded at 345 nm wavelength. FTIR was used to find out the effective aggregates and the success of the process of forming TiO2 NP bands. The first centered between (450 – 800 cm-1), which is attributed to the patterns of stretching vibrations of the titanium oxide bond (Ti-O Vibrations). While the XRD peaks appeared at angles 2Ѳ (27.32°, 35.89° 39.03°, 41.02°, 43.88°, 54.09°, 56.38°, 62.43°, 63.77°, 68.67°, 69.41°, 76.11°) at Crystal Planes (110) (101) (200) (111) (210) (211) ( (220) (002) (310) (301) (112) and (202), (respectively, which corresponds to JCPDS standard tables), and this indicates the formation of rutile-type NPs TiO2. The results of (AFM) ranged between (6-7 nm) and the mean height (Z-mean value) was (8 nm). The effectiveness of NP TiO2 was tested at different concentrations (1, 0.75,0.5) mg/ml against a group of Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria:(Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhimurium, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, E.coli) reached the highest zone of inhibition at a concentration of (1) mg/ml for Staphylococcus aureus, as the diameter of inhibition was (19.5).

The new mannich base ligand and its metal complexes were synthesized in ethanol medium. The mannich base is derived from the condensation reaction of morpholine and Ciprofloxacin (Cp) at room temperature. This ligand and metal complexes were characterized using elemental analysis, FT-IR, UV-Vis, and NMR spectral data, molar conductivity measurements, and melting points. Elemental analysis data show that the metal complexes formed have the general formula[Cr(L)2ClH2O] Cl.H2O, [Pt(L)2Cl2] Cl2.H2O and [Au(L)2]Cl.H2O where mannich base ligand (L) .Based on spectroscopic analytical, coordination with metal ions involves the 'O' donor atoms of carboxylate group, and the Cr(III) and Pt(IV) complexes are a six-coordinated octahedral structure while Au(III) complex is A four-coordinated square planer structure. Molar conductivity of these complexes showed that they were electrolytic in nature. The toxicity of the free ligand and their metal complexes as anticancer agents against MDA-Mb-231 cell lines was examined with different concentration. Anticancer testing revealed that all complexes were more effective than the ligand. The Au (III) complex exhibited the most significant toxicity effect than the other compounds.

A new copolymer from Methyl methacrylate and polyvinyl alcohol [methyl-5-hydroxy-2-methylhexanoate] and its complexes were synthesized for some metals (Cr+3, Mn+ 2, Fe+ 3, Co+ 2, Ni+ 2, Cu+ 2, Zn+ 2, Cd+ 2). This ligand and its metal complexes were characterized using (FTIR) spectral, UV-Vis spectroscopy, conductivity, magnetic moment, and Thermo Gravimetric analysis. The nanoparticles for two complexes were characterized using x-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, and atomic force microscope. Zeolite 5A was prepared from local kaolin by hydrothermal preparation, then characterization, and used as a supporting material with prepared copolymer as a composite to remove several metals from polluted water taken from industrial water electric power stations in Dora and South of Baghdad. Trace concentrations of these metals were estimated before and after applying the prepared copolymer by atomic absorption spectroscopy. The removal using composite materials is significantly more effective, with the concentration recorded as very low and the concentrations of some metal ions like Fe+2, which completely disappeared from polluted water according to a polluted water analysis before and after using the produced compounds.

This study was aimed to synthesis new molecular imprinted polymers from different monomers which useful for determination of calcium ion in different serum samples. Calcium ion play an important role in blood clotting and bone mineralization. In plasma, 40 percent of circulating calcium is bound to proteins, 10 percent is in the form of inorganic complexes, and 50 percent is present as free (ionized) calcium. In this study, Blood samples were taken from patients with type 2 diabetes from Kadhimiya Hospital in order to determine the concentration of calcium ions in the blood, enter it into the column, and then calculate the final concentration in order to know the amount of dose taken by the patient. To acquire the highest adsorption capacity, molar ratios of the template, monomer, and cross-linking agent, as well as solvents and multiple monomers were investigated. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) were used to analyze the calcium ion polymer. The elution of calcium has a small effect on the surfaces of the three-dimensional network structure. Calcium (II) ions were successfully eluted using a mixture of methanol and acetic acid. The calcium absorption capacities were7.989 µmol/g and 8.250 µmol/g (Qmax), respectively. Solid-phase extraction (SPE) syringes packed with ionic imprinted polymers (IIPs) were used to selectively separate and preconcentration the calcium (II) ion from serum to determine the calcium ion by flame atomic absorption spectroscopy (FAAS). Through the results obtained and compared to the atomic absorption device, which is considered the most accurate and sensitive device for the elements, there is no difference in the results, and because the atomic absorption device test is expensive and needs electricity all the time, we can use the molecular printing technique to separate, assign, and concentrate the elements.

This paper demonstrates that the synthesizing and storage of molecular-imprinted polymers (MIP) at room temperature using bulk polymerisation of Glimepiride (Glim.) is characterized by high sensitivity, reduced costs, increased stability, and extended life. The research used 1:15:20 mmol ratios of template, monomer and cross-linking agents for the polymerisation in order to ensure an appropriate adsorption capacity. Benzoyl peroxide BPO was employed as the initiator for the functional monomer Allyl chloride C3H5Cl , cross-linked with Ethylene glycol dimethacrylate EGDMA C10H14O4, thereby creating MIP for Glimepiride (Glim-MIP) that could be characterised with UV-Visible Spectrophotometry at 274.5nm, for pharmaceutical drugs. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used for the human serum. The elution process that was applied to the template (Glim.) from the Glim-MIP created cavities that were caused by the porogenic mixture solvents that were created from (acetic acid, methanol) 1:9 respectively, successfully removed by repeated washing for 20 hours, the polymer was dried at room temperature. The maximum adsorption capacity was 11.7797 µmol/g using (0.1) g weight of Glim-MIP. which adhered to the Langmuir isotherm model. A solid-phase extraction (SPE) syringe packed with molecular imprinted polymers (MIPs) was employed to selectively separate and pre-concentrate the Glimepiride in multiple pharmaceutical drugs from several sources. The human serum was based on the use of deionized water to dilute the serum, followed by heating of the serum with methanol. Subsequently, few drops of 1N hydrochloric acid were applied to detect Glimepiride at UV region 274.5 nm by applying the standard addition method.

A field experiment was carried out for the year 2022 at Experimental Station A of the College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences/ University of Baghdad/ Al-Jadriyah, located at latitude 33°N and longitude 44°E. The aim of the experiment was to determine the appropriate amount of bio-stimulants and antioxidants to produce the best chemical content of oil with a good protein ratio compared to seed and oil productivity, antioxidant compounds, and oxidative efficiency of soybean (Glycine max L.) seeds. The experiment was conducted according in a factorial arrangement the randomized complete block design (RCBD) for two factors and their interactions with three replication. The first factor included three levels of biostimulants: no spray, humic acid, and folic acid at a concentration of 2 g L-1 for each. The second factor included three levels of antioxidants: no spray, ascorbic acid, and glutathione acid at a concentration of 100 mg L-1 for each. Spraying was applied on vegetative system, first was one month after planting, the second after one month of the first spraying at the formation of branches stage, and the third at the 50% flowering stage. The results showed that bio stimulants had a significant effect on most growth traits, with the treatment of 2 g L-1 humic acid achieving the best results in growth traits, height plant (180.47cm), leaf area (104.15 dm-1), number of branches( 12.44 branch plant-1) ,fresh weight (450.16 g ),dry weight (308.03 g). while the treatment of 2 g L-1 folic acid achieved the best results in seed yield (289.10)g and total yield( 3.08) g . Antioxidants also had an effect on most growth and yield traits, with the spray of 100 mg L-1 ascorbic acid achieving a significant increase in leaf area( 98.01 dm2), while the treatment of 100 mg L-1 glutathione acid outperformed significantly in fresh weight (514.46 g) , dry weight (284.56 g), plant seed yield( 307.50 g plan-1), 100 seed weight(19.47 g ), total yield( 3.28 t ha-1), and oil yield (0.68 t ha-1). The combined effect of the study factors was significant in most growth and yield traits, but the treatment of 2 g L-1humic acid and 100 mg L-1ascorbic acid achieved a significant increase in plant height (148.53 cm), leaf area (110.95 dm-1). While the treatment of 2 g L-1 humic acid and 100 mg L-1Glutathione acid outperformed significantly in the number of branches (13.00 branch plant-), seed yield in the plant (337.80 g), total yield (3.60 g ) , and oil yield (0.99 t h-1). The combined effect of the treatment of 2 g L-1 folic acid and 100 mg L-1 Glutathione acid produced a significant increase in fresh weight (562.10 g) and 100 seed weight (22.00 g).

The Middle Euphrates region, represented by the governorates of Diwaniyah and Al-Najaf, was chosen to conduct the current study. As the two governorates are famous for cultivating various varieties of rice crop. Two methods using to irrigated these soils during the growing season, and called locally wet and dry methods. The morphological features of clay minerals were studied using scanning electron microscope (SEM), to describe the changes that occurred to the mineralogical features of these minerals due to the influence of the irrigation patterns used during irrigation of these soils. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) results show that were many changes in morphological features occurs such as in size and shape of clay minerals, in particular to smectite minerals. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) figure of clays in Al-Najaf(dry) soil showed some of particles appeared as well-formed imperfect hexagonal shape, which revealed that these particles belong to the chlorite mineral. While the mica minerals were appeared in lath-shaped, and rounded flakes in clays of all studied soils. Whereas the montmorillonite particles appear as a thin, webby crust, and have a flat, perming morphology. The variation in the size of the montmorillonite particles was adopted as a basis for the occurrence of the Mg-hydroxide layer within the interlayers of montmorillonite.

A field experiment was conducted at the fields of Dubana Company for Modern Agricultural Equipment in the Yusufiyah area, Al-Rashid district, Baghdad Governorate, located on a line between 44°E longitude and 33°N latitude during the spring season of 2022. The objective was to study the effect of using some plant extracts and seaweed on the growth of three genotypes of sunflower and their reflection on the biological yield. The experiment was conducted using randomized complete block design (RCBD) with split-plot arrangement with three replications, including five bio nutrition treatments (spraying the biological stimulant with seaweed extract BMstart, spraying seaweed extract Alga600, adding bamboo extract Seek, spraying Moringa leaf extract, and a control treatment spraying with distill water only) allocated to the main plots, and three genotypes (Lilo, Ishaqi-2, and Flamy) allocated to the sub plots. The results showed the superiority of the treatment of spraying seaweed extract Alga600 in stem diameter (2.87 cm), plant height (207.50 cm), leaf area (2414.3 cm2), and biological yield (22.28 tons ha-1), while the treatment of spraying Moringa leaves extract showed superiority in the number of leaves (30.28 leaf plant-1) and harvest index (22.49%). As for the genotypes, Ishaqi-2 showed superiority in stem diameter (2.72 cm), leaf area (2325.6 cm2), biological yield (24.11 tons ha-1), and harvest index (21.92%), while Lilo was superior in number of leaves (29.31 leaf plant-1), and Flamy was superior in plant height (201.98 cm).

The research aimed to determine the problems facing agricultural extension service providers to face the effects of climate change, the research community included all workers in the provision of agricultural extension service in the province of Baghdad and distributed to the Department of Agriculture of Baghdad Karkh and agricultural divisions affiliated to it and the Department of Agricultural Extension and Training in the province of Baghdad, the number of (110) individuals. All members of the community were taken as a sample for research due to their small number. To achieve the objectives of the research, a questionnaire was prepared to collect data from the respondents, consisting of (28) items distributed in three areas (problems concerned to farmers, problems concerned to agricultural extension service providers themselves, problems concerned to coordination and government support). The results of the research showed that there are several problems that hinder the workflow of service providers' agricultural extension services in providing their extension services to farmers in the field of facing the effects of climate changes in varying degrees, as the problem of the lack of specialists in agricultural extension in the field of climate changes came in the first place in terms of importance, which got a weighted mean of (3.68) degrees and a weight percentile of (92%), While the problem of extension service providers not having the skills and knowledge in determining the best agricultural practices to face climate change came in the last place in terms of importance, which got a weighted mean of (3.13) degrees with a weight percentile of (78.25%). The researcher recommended the necessity of adopting the research findings regarding the problems faced by agricultural counseling service providers and working on resolving them through the development of a training and educational plan to enhance their skills and capacities in dealing with agricultural challenges associated with climate change. Additionally, it emphasized the importance of governments and financial institutions providing financial and moral support to enhance their ability to deliver effective agricultural counseling services and assist them in tackling the challenges and problems they encounter.

New product development and improvement of existing ones, design as the creation of new food formulations, and the production process of foodstuffs are a major challenge for modern food companies in a competitive environment, in which the ability to identify consumer preferences more accurately becomes more urgent. It is an integral part of the technological activities of the modern food industry. Creating a new kind of food product is not only a scientific but also a commercial component, in which the development of the commercial aspect is extremely important for food companies in terms of the cost of creating a technological market environment. But in planning, studying, market analysis, defining, and targeting the audience, fear is considered one of the main driving forces of economic activity in both the market and the real economy. Its role is to encourage potential buyers of a product or service from a practical point of view to avoid market failure, every company has a detailed market study that helps determine the precise market limits and specify the most important activity to achieve commercial success.

This work included the synthesis of new heterocyclic compounds containing creatinine moiety (A4-A9). These compounds were synthesized from reaction of Schiff bases (A2, A3) with glycine, thioglycolic acid, and glycolic acid to produce imidazolidine-4-one (A4, A5), thiazolidine-4-one A6, A7, and oxazolidine-4-one (A8, A9) respectively. FTIR and 1HNMR were used to identify these compounds. In vitro experiments, the antimicrobial properties of compounds (A1, A2, and A4) were evaluated and showed good results.

This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness and efficiency of the two fatty acids, Oleic acid, and Linoleic acid, by contact method as a natural and safe alternative to chemical pesticides in controlling the motile stages (adults, larvae) of grain beetle Trogoderma granarium Everts. This laboratory study included four concentrations (50, 100, 150, 200) ppm with three exposure times (8, 16, 24) h. The results showed that the treatment of insect adults with oleic and linoleic acid gave the highest killing rates at a rate of 96.66% and 93.33%, respectively, while the killing rates for larvae after treatment with the two acids were 75.55% and 74.44%, respectively, at a concentration of 200 ppm and a 24-h exposure period of both transactions. The results showed, in general, significant effects of the concentrations and durations of exposure and the interaction between both acids on insect-killing rates. It was also noted that oleic acid was superior to linoleic acid in causing killing rates in the two cycles at most concentrations and exposure times used for its ability to penetrate the cuticle layer in insects from their flexible regions and respiratory openings when they moved on it and causing many deformations of their tissues because of its double bonds that make it occupy a larger cross-section. It increases kinetic freedom in the membrane of the target organism as soon as it enters its body and induces cellular toxicity, causing its death.

The research was conducted in a native apiary in Baghdad Governorate- Al-Buaitha, to evaluate the effect of adding super protein, vitamin C and vitamin E to the diet of honeybee colonies, and to study their effect on the activity, growth, development and productivity of the colonies of honey.
The results of the research showed that super protein nutrition achieved the best percentages, and according to the results of the statistical analysis, it significantly outperformed the sugar solution feeding and control, in terms of measuring the honey area 2.631 cm2, the brood area 1.622 cm2 and the pollen area 0.378 cm2.
The results of the use of vitamins also showed that the best treatments were using vitamin C nutrition, and according to the results of the statistical analysis, it significantly outperformed all other treatments in terms of measuring the honey area 3.820 cm2 and the brood area 1.821 cm2 and pollen area 0.608 cm2. The results showed that vitamin E nutrition outperformed the sugar solution feeding and control, as the average area of honey, brood and pollen grains were (2.960 cm2, 1.624 cm2 and 0.473 cm2) respectively.

Lower respiratory tract infections LRTIs are quickly becoming the most prevalent infectious disorders affecting people. This investigation focused on characterizing the current shift in the bacterial strains causing the infections of respiratory tract among patients and their antimicrobial sensitivity pattern since antibiotic resistance has developed in all major pathogens.
In the microbiology lab of the Department of Biology Sciences / University of Baghdad, a cross- sectional research using non-probability sequential sampling method was carried out. Respiratory sputum samples taken from individuals with lower respiratory tract infections and collected 149 bacterial isolates. M. catarrhalis, S. pneumonia and H. influenzae were the bacterial pathogens diagnosed by VITEK 2 system and then gathered for further investigation. Frequencies along with percentages were calculated for categorical parameters including microorganism, age and gender. Continuous data like age was presented as mean + standard deviation SD. We used chi-square test for data analysis the value of Chi Square was deemed significant when the p value was P<0.05 . The pathogen that was identified most often was M. catarrhalis 60.4 percent, or 90 patients, followed by H. influenza 28.1 %, or 42 patients and S. pneumonia 11.4 %, or 17 patients. Levofloxacin had a greater sensitivity to S. pneumoniae n=17, 11.4%. Meropenem 42 28.2% was more effective against H. influenza. The M. catarrhalis pattern showed a 57% sensitivity to Co-amoxiclav, a 49% sensitivity to Ceftriaxone, and a 34.9% sensitivity to Erythromycin susceptibility.
M. catarrhalis, H. influenzae and S. pneumoniae were the most frequently isolated bacteria from LRTIs. We found that the M. catarrhalis strain was highly resistant to moxifloxacin 49.7% and co-trimaxazole 53.7%. Co-amoxiclav resistance in S. pneumoniae was 8.1%, while Moxifloxacin resistance in H. influenzae was 5.4%.

The study aimed to estimate the functional properties of Moringa oleifera Lam. leaves powder protein isolate and its hydrolysates using pepsin. Water Holding Capacity (WHC) and Oil Holding Capacity (OHC) of protein isolate were 3.02 mL /g protein and 2.62 mL /g protein respectively, superior to the oil reducing capacity of the pepsin enzyme hydrolysates. at times 30 and 60 min. They were characterized by high emulsifying activity, reaching 48.08 m2/g and 53.06 m2/g, respectively, and outperforming the protein isolate, which reached 41.45 m2/g. The least emulsifying activity was for pepsin after 120 min of hydrolysis (A4) and reached 31.50 m2/g, and the highest emulsion stability was 63.77% for protein hydrolysates using pepsin enzyme at (37 ºC) after 60 min of hydrolysis (A2), while the least emulsifying stability was for protein hydrolysates using pepsin enzyme pepsin after 120 min (A4) it amounted to 25.10%. The foaming ability of protein hydrolysates using pepsin after 60 min (A2) was 41.17%, foaming stability at the beginning of hydrolysates was 39.02%, then it gradually decreased with the passage of time.

An experiment was carried out at Al-Raed Research Station, which is located on the Baghdad-Anbar Road. It was conducted during the winter season of 2022-2023, in order to evaluate the performance of different solar irrigation systems and their effect on bean yield (Vicia faba… L). A randomized complete block design (RCBD) was used with three replications. The experiment consists of three factors. first factor was the solar panel type with two levels: mono-crystalline and poly-crystalline. Second factor was the irrigation system with two levels: drip and sprinkler irrigation system. The third factor was the distances between the sub-lines with three levels (40, 60, 80 cm). The results show that the monocrystalline achieved the best result by achieving the highest irrigation system efficiency (76.31%), and highest seeds yield total (6618 Kg/ha) with minimum operational costs (0.0252 $/KWh). The drip irrigation had the highest irrigation system efficiency (84.40%), and highest total seeds yield (6077 Kg/ha) with minimum operational costs (0.0340 $/ KWh). The distance (40cm) between the sublines had the highest irrigation system efficiency (76.83 %), with less operational costs (0.0398 $ / KWh).

The effectiveness of both natural and nano-lycopene extracted from tomato waste powder in affecting the growth of cancer cells outside the body was studied. The study included the preparation of natural lycopene extract, using the triple mixture of hexane, acetone, and ethanol in proportions 2:1:1 and drying it, then preparing the nanocomposite using the high-energy mechanical grinding technique, and its dimensions were estimated using a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and which was 78nm, and the effectiveness of the two preparations was tested in Inhibition of cancer cell lines of the human mouth and skin, during three periods of time 12, 24, 72 h and at concentrations of both natural and nano-lycopene 0.0,150, 300, 600, 1200, 2400 micrograms/ml, the results of the study showed There was a significant inhibitory effect p≤0.05. for both natural and nano-lycopene in the growth of cancer cells, and nano-lycopene was significantly superior to natural lycopene for skin and mouth models, and the inhibition effect of cancer cells increased for both natural and nano-lycopene with increasing concentration and period, and the highest percentage of inhibition for natural lycopene was 71% and 79.8% While the highest percentage of inhibition for nanoscale icon was 85.2% and 93.1% at a concentration of 2400 µg/ml for 72 h and for skin and oral cancer cell lines, respectively.

The field experiment was carried out in Horticulture Development Station in the Kut district of the Directorate of Agriculture of Wasit Governorate at spring season 2022, This study was aimed to demonstrate the effect of inoculation some Bio-fertilizers, adding Nile flower peat fertilizer and spraying with its extract on qualitative characteristics potato yield, The experiment was implemented using factorial experiment(4×3×2) within Randomized Complete Block Design with three replicates, The First factor included the inoculation with Biofertilizers and cod it (M), which is(M0) Don’t be discouraged , (M1) inoculation the Mycorrhiza in pollen density of 25 g.tuber-1 ,(M2) inoculation the Trichoderma pollen density of 4 g.tuber-1and (M3)Mixture Mycorrhiza and Trichoderma fungi together, The second factor included the addition of Nile flower peat fertilizer and cod it (N), which is (N0) without adding, (N1)added 15 ton.ha-1 and (N2) added 30 ton.ha-1, The third factor included spraying with Nile flower peat fertilizer extract and cod it (E), spraying with distilled water(E0) and spraying with extract 2 ml.L-1 (E1), The results showed that biofertilization was significantly superior in qualities characteristics of the yield represented by dry matter percentage, starch percentage ,specific density, soluble solids percentage and tuber hardness, compared with control (M0(, M3 treatment produced greatest value of this characteristics which reached 16.84%, 11.01%, 1.0640 g cm-2, 6.459%, 8.167 kg cm-2. Organic fertilization showed significant increase in the above characteristics, N2 treatment produced greatest value which reached 17.20%, 11.33%, 1.0657g cm-2, 6.633%, 8.179 , kg cm-2. Spraying treatment had amoral superiority on above characteristics if produced 16.50%, 10.70%, 1.0623 g cm-2, 6.407 %, 7.944 kg cm-2.

The research was conducted at Al-Furat General Chemical Industries Company (one of the formations of the Ministry of Industry and Minerals) with the aim of analyzing the relationship between internal marketing variables (employee recruitment, training, incentives, management support, clarity of marketing information) and the possibility of achieving the principles of sustainable human development (empowerment, social justice and equity)., cooperation, sustainability, safety and job stability) through an opinion poll that was distributed to a random sample of forty employees in that company. We adopted the electronic questionnaire as a tool for collecting data from that sample. The data we obtained was analyzed using percentages, trying to diagnose points. Weakness in internal marketing indicators, and this was evident from the results of the incentive incentives index and weak marketing information, as their percentages ranged from average to below that, while some of the indicators of management support and training courses for employees recorded a relatively high approval rate.
Accordingly, we recommend the need to direct the attention of the company's senior management to the indicators of incentives and clarity of marketing information, since their results were relatively lower than the rest of the indicators, knowing that these indicators are directly related or considered an important input to achieving the principles of sustainable human development such as cooperation, empowerment, safety, stability, and fairness.

This study included the synthesis of some new Schiff bases and heterocyclic compounds [1‐6] from the reaction of metoclopramide with some aromatic aldehydes by the classical Schiff method, then the Schiff bases were treated with chloroacetyl chloride and thioglycolic acid to obtain cyclic derivatives of beta-lactams [5,6] and 4-thiazolidinone [3,4], respectively. These derivatives were characterized by their melting points by FT IR, 1H NMR. Some compounds prepared were evaluated for their antioxidant activity by oxidation with 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydryl (DPPH). Comparison of the antioxidant activity of the bioactive molecules of the compounds [3–6] with that of the conventional drug metoclopramide showed encouraging results.

Modern nutritional sciences look at the fruits of olives and Olive oil as essential products for human life due to the richness of its fruits in basic compounds such as oil, proteins, carbohydrates, mineral salts and some other vitamins, which Iraqi tables are almost devoid of as a consumable material, either in the form of green or black olives or their oil, hence the idea This study aimed at evaluating some types of commercial olive oil samples extracted from olive fruits as a biomaterial against some types of microorganisms represented by Gram-negative Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Pseu aeruginosa) and Staphylococcus aureus (Staph aureus) as Gram-positive. Characterized at the level (P≤0.01) for the concentrations of the oil extract (25, 50 and 100)% used in the study on both types of target bacteria in the study, and thus the possibility of using this extract, which has proven its inhibitory effectiveness as an antidote against some types of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria.

The aim of this study was to benefit from the remnants of edible mushrooms production farms in the production of bioactive compounds such as chitosan and characterization it, and then evaluating the efficiency of chitosan in inhibiting growth of Aspergillus flavus (A. flavus) and preventing it from producing aflatoxin B1 toxins. The prepared chitosan diagnosed via Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR). Chitosan have been tested in inhibiting A. flavus in the concentrations 0.5, 1, 1.5 and 2%. The chitosan inhibition rate of the fungus A. flavus has reached 16, 36, 53 and 100% respectively. The effectiveness of chitosan tested in preventing A. flavus from producing Aflatoxin (AFB1) in the concentrations 0.5, 1 and 1.5 %. The rate of Aflatoxin B1 production inhibition by chitosan has reached 72.7، 86.7 and 100% respectively after 21 days of incubation at 25°C after estimating Aflatoxin B1 via High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC).

Favism disease, also known as hemolytic syndrome (the breakdown of red blood cells) affects some people (especially male children) when they consume the fava beans (fava bean, broad bean) because they contain high concentrations of pyrimidine glycosides (vicine and convicine) or they take some medications or an imbalance in metabolism or infections. causing the generation of harmful oxygen forms, as these people suffer from a deficiency in the glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) enzyme, which is responsible for the availability of, NADPH, which is important in providing reduced glutathione forms, (GSH), as the latter contributes to the conversion of H2O2 into O2 and H2O, and thus prevents the harmful effects of oxidation in red blood cells, represented by their destruction. Symptoms include nausea, pale jaundice, and dark urine. the severity of the disease varies between patients, and the severity of episodes can vary in the same patient, therefore, diagnosing G6PD deficiency and educating the patient regarding safe and unsafe medications and foods is critical to prevent recurring episodes.

Quantitative research methods are crucial in understanding consumer behavior in modern markets. These methods involve collecting and analyzing numerical data to uncover patterns, trends, and correlations related to consumer preferences and choices. Researchers can gain insights into consumer identity, values, taste, consumption experiences, and even topics such as invisible brands, material culture, and fetishes in contemporary consumption by utilizing statistical models. Additionally, quantitative research methods allow for the examination of consumer sentiment, brand engagement, and market maven behavior, providing valuable information for marketers and businesses.
The application of quantitative research methods in consumer behavior studies not only enhances our understanding of consumer preferences but also enables the integration of past findings with new observations, driving advancements in the field of consumer research. This integration is essential for effectively capturing the dynamic nature of consumer behavior, especially in response to global events and societal changes.