In this contribution, new derivatives of thiosemicarbazon, cyclic thiazolidinone, yilidine thiazolidinone, and parazolo-thiazole were synthesized, starting from the reaction of 2 -aminobenzothiazole with p-bromo phenacyl bromide to give the first step of 2(4-bromo phenyl) imidazole (2,1 -b) benzo thiazole (1). Compound (1) then was subjected under Viels Myer Haack to yield 3-carbaldehyde linking with imidazo-benzothiazol (2). Compound (2) condensed with thiosemicarbazide togivenewsynthesis of thiosemicarbazon derivative (3). Compound 4-Oxo-1,3-thiazolidine (4) was constituted from reacting compound (3) with ethyl chloroacetate, while Thiazolidinone derivative (5) was formed by reacting compound (4) with aromatic aldehyde to give 4-Oxo-1,3-thiazolidine-5 benzylidene linking with imidazo-benzothiazol (5). Compound (5) was then reacted with hydrazine hydride to give fused ring of pyrazolo thaizolo derivatives (6). In the finally, azo methene groups were opening by two reagents are (acetic anhydride and 4-nitro benzoyl chloride) to give new derivatives of hydrazone contacted with imidazobenzothiazol (7) and (8) compound respectively. All the prepared compounds were identified by Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR), Proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1 H-NMR) and Carbon nuclear magnetic resonance (13C-NMR) spectra. Some of the synthesized compounds were evaluated via biological activity.

Titanium dioxide nanoparticles TiO2 NP were prepared by sol-gel method. TiO2 NP was identified and characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), ultraviolet spectroscopy (UV-vis), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), X-ray diffraction ( XRD) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The SEM results showed an irregular spherical shape with different diameters (22.84-65.98) nm. The highest UV-Vis absorption was recorded at 345 nm wavelength. FTIR was used to find out the effective aggregates and the success of the process of forming TiO2 NP bands. The first centered between (450 – 800 cm-1), which is attributed to the patterns of stretching vibrations of the titanium oxide bond (Ti-O Vibrations). While the XRD peaks appeared at angles 2Ѳ (27.32°, 35.89° 39.03°, 41.02°, 43.88°, 54.09°, 56.38°, 62.43°, 63.77°, 68.67°, 69.41°, 76.11°) at Crystal Planes (110) (101) (200) (111) (210) (211) ( (220) (002) (310) (301) (112) and (202), (respectively, which corresponds to JCPDS standard tables), and this indicates the formation of rutile-type NPs TiO2. The results of (AFM) ranged between (6-7 nm) and the mean height (Z-mean value) was (8 nm). The effectiveness of NP TiO2 was tested at different concentrations (1, 0.75,0.5) mg/ml against a group of Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria:(Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhimurium, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, E.coli) reached the highest zone of inhibition at a concentration of (1) mg/ml for Staphylococcus aureus, as the diameter of inhibition was (19.5).

The new mannich base ligand and its metal complexes were synthesized in ethanol medium. The mannich base is derived from the condensation reaction of morpholine and Ciprofloxacin (Cp) at room temperature. This ligand and metal complexes were characterized using elemental analysis, FT-IR, UV-Vis, and NMR spectral data, molar conductivity measurements, and melting points. Elemental analysis data show that the metal complexes formed have the general formula[Cr(L)2ClH2O] Cl.H2O, [Pt(L)2Cl2] Cl2.H2O and [Au(L)2]Cl.H2O where mannich base ligand (L) .Based on spectroscopic analytical, coordination with metal ions involves the 'O' donor atoms of carboxylate group, and the Cr(III) and Pt(IV) complexes are a six-coordinated octahedral structure while Au(III) complex is A four-coordinated square planer structure. Molar conductivity of these complexes showed that they were electrolytic in nature. The toxicity of the free ligand and their metal complexes as anticancer agents against MDA-Mb-231 cell lines was examined with different concentration. Anticancer testing revealed that all complexes were more effective than the ligand. The Au (III) complex exhibited the most significant toxicity effect than the other compounds.

A new copolymer from Methyl methacrylate and polyvinyl alcohol [methyl-5-hydroxy-2-methylhexanoate] and its complexes were synthesized for some metals (Cr+3, Mn+ 2, Fe+ 3, Co+ 2, Ni+ 2, Cu+ 2, Zn+ 2, Cd+ 2). This ligand and its metal complexes were characterized using (FTIR) spectral, UV-Vis spectroscopy, conductivity, magnetic moment, and Thermo Gravimetric analysis. The nanoparticles for two complexes were characterized using x-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, and atomic force microscope. Zeolite 5A was prepared from local kaolin by hydrothermal preparation, then characterization, and used as a supporting material with prepared copolymer as a composite to remove several metals from polluted water taken from industrial water electric power stations in Dora and South of Baghdad. Trace concentrations of these metals were estimated before and after applying the prepared copolymer by atomic absorption spectroscopy. The removal using composite materials is significantly more effective, with the concentration recorded as very low and the concentrations of some metal ions like Fe+2, which completely disappeared from polluted water according to a polluted water analysis before and after using the produced compounds.

This study was aimed to synthesis new molecular imprinted polymers from different monomers which useful for determination of calcium ion in different serum samples. Calcium ion play an important role in blood clotting and bone mineralization. In plasma, 40 percent of circulating calcium is bound to proteins, 10 percent is in the form of inorganic complexes, and 50 percent is present as free (ionized) calcium. In this study, Blood samples were taken from patients with type 2 diabetes from Kadhimiya Hospital in order to determine the concentration of calcium ions in the blood, enter it into the column, and then calculate the final concentration in order to know the amount of dose taken by the patient. To acquire the highest adsorption capacity, molar ratios of the template, monomer, and cross-linking agent, as well as solvents and multiple monomers were investigated. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) were used to analyze the calcium ion polymer. The elution of calcium has a small effect on the surfaces of the three-dimensional network structure. Calcium (II) ions were successfully eluted using a mixture of methanol and acetic acid. The calcium absorption capacities were7.989 µmol/g and 8.250 µmol/g (Qmax), respectively. Solid-phase extraction (SPE) syringes packed with ionic imprinted polymers (IIPs) were used to selectively separate and preconcentration the calcium (II) ion from serum to determine the calcium ion by flame atomic absorption spectroscopy (FAAS). Through the results obtained and compared to the atomic absorption device, which is considered the most accurate and sensitive device for the elements, there is no difference in the results, and because the atomic absorption device test is expensive and needs electricity all the time, we can use the molecular printing technique to separate, assign, and concentrate the elements.

This paper demonstrates that the synthesizing and storage of molecular-imprinted polymers (MIP) at room temperature using bulk polymerisation of Glimepiride (Glim.) is characterized by high sensitivity, reduced costs, increased stability, and extended life. The research used 1:15:20 mmol ratios of template, monomer and cross-linking agents for the polymerisation in order to ensure an appropriate adsorption capacity. Benzoyl peroxide BPO was employed as the initiator for the functional monomer Allyl chloride C3H5Cl , cross-linked with Ethylene glycol dimethacrylate EGDMA C10H14O4, thereby creating MIP for Glimepiride (Glim-MIP) that could be characterised with UV-Visible Spectrophotometry at 274.5nm, for pharmaceutical drugs. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used for the human serum. The elution process that was applied to the template (Glim.) from the Glim-MIP created cavities that were caused by the porogenic mixture solvents that were created from (acetic acid, methanol) 1:9 respectively, successfully removed by repeated washing for 20 hours, the polymer was dried at room temperature. The maximum adsorption capacity was 11.7797 µmol/g using (0.1) g weight of Glim-MIP. which adhered to the Langmuir isotherm model. A solid-phase extraction (SPE) syringe packed with molecular imprinted polymers (MIPs) was employed to selectively separate and pre-concentrate the Glimepiride in multiple pharmaceutical drugs from several sources. The human serum was based on the use of deionized water to dilute the serum, followed by heating of the serum with methanol. Subsequently, few drops of 1N hydrochloric acid were applied to detect Glimepiride at UV region 274.5 nm by applying the standard addition method.

A field experiment was carried out for the year 2022 at Experimental Station A of the College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences/ University of Baghdad/ Al-Jadriyah, located at latitude 33°N and longitude 44°E. The aim of the experiment was to determine the appropriate amount of bio-stimulants and antioxidants to produce the best chemical content of oil with a good protein ratio compared to seed and oil productivity, antioxidant compounds, and oxidative efficiency of soybean (Glycine max L.) seeds. The experiment was conducted according in a factorial arrangement the randomized complete block design (RCBD) for two factors and their interactions with three replication. The first factor included three levels of biostimulants: no spray, humic acid, and folic acid at a concentration of 2 g L-1 for each. The second factor included three levels of antioxidants: no spray, ascorbic acid, and glutathione acid at a concentration of 100 mg L-1 for each. Spraying was applied on vegetative system, first was one month after planting, the second after one month of the first spraying at the formation of branches stage, and the third at the 50% flowering stage. The results showed that bio stimulants had a significant effect on most growth traits, with the treatment of 2 g L-1 humic acid achieving the best results in growth traits, height plant (180.47cm), leaf area (104.15 dm-1), number of branches( 12.44 branch plant-1) ,fresh weight (450.16 g ),dry weight (308.03 g). while the treatment of 2 g L-1 folic acid achieved the best results in seed yield (289.10)g and total yield( 3.08) g . Antioxidants also had an effect on most growth and yield traits, with the spray of 100 mg L-1 ascorbic acid achieving a significant increase in leaf area( 98.01 dm2), while the treatment of 100 mg L-1 glutathione acid outperformed significantly in fresh weight (514.46 g) , dry weight (284.56 g), plant seed yield( 307.50 g plan-1), 100 seed weight(19.47 g ), total yield( 3.28 t ha-1), and oil yield (0.68 t ha-1). The combined effect of the study factors was significant in most growth and yield traits, but the treatment of 2 g L-1humic acid and 100 mg L-1ascorbic acid achieved a significant increase in plant height (148.53 cm), leaf area (110.95 dm-1). While the treatment of 2 g L-1 humic acid and 100 mg L-1Glutathione acid outperformed significantly in the number of branches (13.00 branch plant-), seed yield in the plant (337.80 g), total yield (3.60 g ) , and oil yield (0.99 t h-1). The combined effect of the treatment of 2 g L-1 folic acid and 100 mg L-1 Glutathione acid produced a significant increase in fresh weight (562.10 g) and 100 seed weight (22.00 g).

The Middle Euphrates region, represented by the governorates of Diwaniyah and Al-Najaf, was chosen to conduct the current study. As the two governorates are famous for cultivating various varieties of rice crop. Two methods using to irrigated these soils during the growing season, and called locally wet and dry methods. The morphological features of clay minerals were studied using scanning electron microscope (SEM), to describe the changes that occurred to the mineralogical features of these minerals due to the influence of the irrigation patterns used during irrigation of these soils. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) results show that were many changes in morphological features occurs such as in size and shape of clay minerals, in particular to smectite minerals. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) figure of clays in Al-Najaf(dry) soil showed some of particles appeared as well-formed imperfect hexagonal shape, which revealed that these particles belong to the chlorite mineral. While the mica minerals were appeared in lath-shaped, and rounded flakes in clays of all studied soils. Whereas the montmorillonite particles appear as a thin, webby crust, and have a flat, perming morphology. The variation in the size of the montmorillonite particles was adopted as a basis for the occurrence of the Mg-hydroxide layer within the interlayers of montmorillonite.

A field experiment was conducted at the fields of Dubana Company for Modern Agricultural Equipment in the Yusufiyah area, Al-Rashid district, Baghdad Governorate, located on a line between 44°E longitude and 33°N latitude during the spring season of 2022. The objective was to study the effect of using some plant extracts and seaweed on the growth of three genotypes of sunflower and their reflection on the biological yield. The experiment was conducted using randomized complete block design (RCBD) with split-plot arrangement with three replications, including five bio nutrition treatments (spraying the biological stimulant with seaweed extract BMstart, spraying seaweed extract Alga600, adding bamboo extract Seek, spraying Moringa leaf extract, and a control treatment spraying with distill water only) allocated to the main plots, and three genotypes (Lilo, Ishaqi-2, and Flamy) allocated to the sub plots. The results showed the superiority of the treatment of spraying seaweed extract Alga600 in stem diameter (2.87 cm), plant height (207.50 cm), leaf area (2414.3 cm2), and biological yield (22.28 tons ha-1), while the treatment of spraying Moringa leaves extract showed superiority in the number of leaves (30.28 leaf plant-1) and harvest index (22.49%). As for the genotypes, Ishaqi-2 showed superiority in stem diameter (2.72 cm), leaf area (2325.6 cm2), biological yield (24.11 tons ha-1), and harvest index (21.92%), while Lilo was superior in number of leaves (29.31 leaf plant-1), and Flamy was superior in plant height (201.98 cm).

The research aimed to determine the problems facing agricultural extension service providers to face the effects of climate change, the research community included all workers in the provision of agricultural extension service in the province of Baghdad and distributed to the Department of Agriculture of Baghdad Karkh and agricultural divisions affiliated to it and the Department of Agricultural Extension and Training in the province of Baghdad, the number of (110) individuals. All members of the community were taken as a sample for research due to their small number. To achieve the objectives of the research, a questionnaire was prepared to collect data from the respondents, consisting of (28) items distributed in three areas (problems concerned to farmers, problems concerned to agricultural extension service providers themselves, problems concerned to coordination and government support). The results of the research showed that there are several problems that hinder the workflow of service providers' agricultural extension services in providing their extension services to farmers in the field of facing the effects of climate changes in varying degrees, as the problem of the lack of specialists in agricultural extension in the field of climate changes came in the first place in terms of importance, which got a weighted mean of (3.68) degrees and a weight percentile of (92%), While the problem of extension service providers not having the skills and knowledge in determining the best agricultural practices to face climate change came in the last place in terms of importance, which got a weighted mean of (3.13) degrees with a weight percentile of (78.25%). The researcher recommended the necessity of adopting the research findings regarding the problems faced by agricultural counseling service providers and working on resolving them through the development of a training and educational plan to enhance their skills and capacities in dealing with agricultural challenges associated with climate change. Additionally, it emphasized the importance of governments and financial institutions providing financial and moral support to enhance their ability to deliver effective agricultural counseling services and assist them in tackling the challenges and problems they encounter.