Tikrit Journal of Pure Science

Objectives: To detect enteric protozoal species in stool samples of children affected by malignancies who are receiving chemotherapy compared to healthy children and to investigate differences in the infection rates among different cancer types.
Materials and Methods: This study included 100 children diagnosed with malignancy under chemotherapy attended Ibn-Al-Atheer Teaching Hospital during the period from December 2013 to June 2014. The study also included 50 apparently healthy children as a control group who were age and gender matched to the cancer patients. Children were already diagnosed as having malignant disease by consultant oncologists and receiving chemotherapy. A Questionnaire Form was completed for each child. Stool samples were taken from patients and controls to detect protozoal infections. The stool was tested by direct wet mount preparation, iodine staining, and concentration methods, hot modified Ziehl-Neelson staining method was also used to detect the acid-fast oocysts of Cryptosporidium.

Vaginal candidiasis is a common complaint among women of different age groups in any society whether or not they are sexually active. Although it is both treatable and mild, when left untreated, The study was set to detect Candida organisms in women vaginal. A prospective study of women vaginal swabs collected from Gynecological Clinic in Azadi teaching Hospital and some privet clinical in Kirkuk city and a total of two hundred (200) women swab were analysed for microscopy and culture, from May 2014 to April 2015. Data on epidemiologic indices were collected from the patients, using structured interviewer-administered questionnaires. fifty- seven positive cultures were obtained, constituting 28.5% (n = 57) in a total of 200 women vaginal samples. A total of 28.5% (n= 57) isolates were detected which comprises four different Candida species, namely Candida albicans, C. glabrata, C. krusei and C. kefyre respectively as well as isolated Cryptococcus lorynti with frequency of occurrence of 23%, 2%, 1.5%, o.5% and 1.5% respectively. The isolates were related to age, the age range of 26-35 years had the highest incidence (35%), followed by age range of 36-45 years (29.5%) and 56-88 years had the least (2%) percentage of occurrence. The isolates were also related to used contraceptives, copper-T contraceptives and combined oral contraceptives 41.5% was the most common methods used by recurrent vaginitis patients while the male condom contraceptives users had lower cure (26.5%). The distribution of vaginal candidiasis according antibiotic using was highest in women take antibiotic with 64.4% of the total 200 cases, while the women don’t take antibiotic was recorded lowest occurrence (35.5%). The result shows that Candida species has assumed the role of the most common cause of vaginitis, with Candida albicans as the most prevalent species. vaginal candidiasis was common in the young adults o age range of 26-35 years, contraceptive , broad spectrum antibiotic users ,other diseases and operation .We therefore recommend prevention, early diagnosis and prompt treatment of vaginal candidiasis especially among the risk groups in order to avert its complications.

Among 22 Iraqi Trichoderma harzianum and T.viride isolates, T3,T5,D5,S1 and S6 related to T. harzianum showed a higher antagonistic activity against the plant pathogenic fungi Fusarium oxysporum and Rhizoctonia solani. These isolates were selected for improvement their biocontrol activity by usi
ng uv-irradiation. The optimum exposure time to ultraviolet irradiation is 30 min, in which, the percentage of kill was 98-99% .After UV-irradiation treatment (Quartz lamps 30W at 240-280 nm, peak 254nm, distance from the source was 20 cm), antagonistic capability against R. solani and F. oxysporum was improved in mutants MT3,MT5,MS1 and MS6, in which antagonistic reaction score were 3.6,3.9,3.2 and 3.6 against F. oxysporum and 3.7,4,3.4 and 4 against R. solani compared to 3.2, 2.8, 2.6 and 2.8 against F. oxysporum and 2.7, 2.9,3.1 and 3 against R. solani in the wild types T3, T5, S1 and S6,respectively. The growth of T. harzianum isolates (estimated as colony diameter) was significantly increased in all T. harzianum mutants except MT3 and MD5 mutants, CMCase activity was increased from 13.2, 16.2, 10 and 15.8 U/ml / mg protein in the wild isolates T3, T5, S1 and S6 to 18.6, 20.3, 17.7 and 22.5 U/ml / mg protein in the mutants MT3, MT5, MS1 and MS6, respectively. Chitinase activity was also increased in these mutants to 88.4,132.3,86.1 and 136.7 U/ml / mg protein, compared to 82.7, 93.2, 74.5 and 103.2 U/ml / mg protein in their wild, respectively. As comparison between wild types and mutants, the maximum growth was 5.2 and 4.8 cm (as colonies diameters) by MT5 in present of 25% of the recommended field rate of Topsin and Benomyl, compared to 3.3 and 2.2 cm in the wild type T5, respectively, followed by MS6,in which, the maximum growth in this mutant was 4.8 and 4.2 cm in the same concentration of these two fungicides, compared to 3.4 and 2.5 cm in the wild type S6, respectively. According to these results, the mutants MT5 and MS6 developed from UV-irradiation treatment, showed as promising T. harzianum mutants through their antagonistic activity (at mycoparasitism level) , fast growth, higher CMCase and chitinase activity and growth in 25% of the recommended field rate of Elsa , 25 and 50% of the recommended field rate of Diathen and Mizab and all concentrations of Topsin and Benomyl with complete inhibition of pathogenic fungi F. oxysporum and R. solani.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa presents three types of motility: swimming , twitching and swarming. The latter is characterized by rapid and coordinated group movement over a semisolid (viscous) surface resulting from morphological differentiation and intercellular interactions. A striking feature of P. aeruginosa swarming motility is the formation of migrating tendrils producing colonies with complex fractal-like patterns. In this study we reported an evidence that P. aeruginosa can spread on semisolid surfaces and expose swarming motility and to investigate the swarming motility patterns of these bacteria isolating from Otitis media, we culturing thirty clinical isolations of these bacterium on the swarming agar plate containing 0.5% agar. Our results reveals that 12 (40%) of studied isolates were detected dendritic swarming pattern , and 18 (60%) of these isolates were ring swarming pattern, besides that seven of P. aeruginosa total isolates were able to reveal both patterns of swarming motility when sub cultured on new swarming agar media, the results showed that the site of bacteria isolation don't influence and determine a swarming motility patterns of this bacteria, where, there are many studies on the same bacteria isolated from different infection sites which show the same swarming motility patterns according to this study. However, the mechanisms responsible for the dendritic and ring swarming patterns are largely unknown. Swarming motility may be an important factor in the pathogenesis of P. aeruginosa.

Diarrhea is a public health problem and an important cause of morbidity and mortality, enteroaggregative Escherichia coli (EAEC) have been recognized increasingly as agents of diarrhea in developing and in industrial countries. So the aim of this study is to study the prevalence of EAEC, its virulence factors and study it´s resistance to antibiotics. Results showed that E. coli represent 86 (32.9%) of the isolated bacteria. the high percentage 60% were EAEC, plasmid-encoded toxin (pet) was the marker most prevalent detected 14/30(28%) than EAST1(for EaggEC heat-stable enterotoxin 1)which detected in 9/30(18%) of EAEC and two virulence genes (pet+ and EAST1+) were found in7/30(14 %) of EAEC. 10% of isolates were contained capsule but only 3.3%isolates of E. coli have Type Ι pili while all the isolates possess Type ΙΙΙ pili. The results in the present study indicated that all E. coli were negative to Congo red dye agar test in contrast high percent of E. coli isolates were able to produce biofilm (86.7%) with different degree of thickness, while 20%isolates were urease positive after 24- 48 hrs, and 10% isolates were able to produce amylase. All isolates of E. coli were unable to produce Lecithinase, nuclease and hemolysin. While, 93.3% of E. coli isolates produced β-lactamase. The frequency of Sorbitol E. coli fermenter was 66.7%. In this study EAEC isolates were resistance (100%) to Penicillin and Ampicillin, High resistance(96.7%) was observed to each of Ceftriaxone, Cefotaxime and Trimethoprim. and Tetracycline (76.7%), resistance percentage of Both Amikacin and Rifampicin were (40%) and (33.3%) respectively. Higher sensitivity was reported to Gentamicin (63.3%), Ciprofloxacin(60%) then Nitrofurantoin (56.7%). The data from this study draw attention to the importance of notifying diarrheal disease. The high level of antimicrobial resistance observed in our study raises a broader discussion about the indiscriminate use or misuse of antibiotics and the risks of empirical antibiotic therapy in children of a very young age.

This study involved (50) patient’s that complaining rheumatoid arthritis from both genders (7 females and 43 males). Their ages range from (26-68) years there are taken from hospitals and clinics, in addition to the control which involve (30) person that look normal and their ages ranges from (23-54).
Enzyme linked immuno-sorbent assay (ELISA) has been used to measure the level of IL-6 in serum, in which the medium of IL-6 in patients was significantly higher (p ≤ 0.01) than control group.
The study show’s significant difference (p ≤ 0.01) in level of IL-6 between males and females and between age groups.

This study aimed to investigate the effect of administration of depakene (valproic acid)(VPA) (15 mg/Kg of body weight, orally) on serum protein levels, including immune proteins, because its functions and the importance of these proteins in the body and they are overlapping, and that was by measured protein levels before and after treatment as concentrations of total protein (Tp), albumin and globulin in normal male rats and in rats that treated with VPA drug along the period of experiment (30) days. The results showed a significant decrease (P<0.05) in concentrations of total protein and albumin in comparison with normal control group, whereas did not observe significant differences (P<0.05) in globulin concentration compared with normal control group, despite of, there was a little decrease in globulin concentration in rats group that administrated the drug under study but non-significant. It could be concluded of the present study that the VPA drug have an greater side effects on concentration and function of proteins in serum, and subsequently, may extending these effects to comprise its effect on the immunity, osmotic pressure, blood volume, nutrients exchange between the blood and tissues, glomerular infiltration rate, transport many of materials and hormones, and several of physiological and biochemical functions which correlated with the serum proteins.

This study included test production of some virulence factors that product from some species of Staphylococci: Co- agulase Positive Staphylococci (COPS) and Co-agulase Negative Staphylococci (CONS) that isolated from different parts of human body. (79%) of isolates was COPS while (21%) was CONS. All isolates showed production some virulence factors like (Protease, DNase, Lipase, Licithinase and Haemolysin) and the results were in COPS (64, 64, 55, 55 and 100)% respectively while all isolates of CONS were produced all this virulence factors except the licthinase . The results of all isolate were positive for oxidase test and negative for catalase test. From the results about (36.3%) of COPS produce white pigment and (63.6%) produced yellow pigment while all isolates of CONS was produced white pigment. Also the results showed that (86% and 71%) COPS isolates was produced haemolysine enzyme type (β and γ) while (14% and 29%) of CONS produced same enzyme type. Antibiotic susceptibility of all isolates were done,the results showed that all CONS isolates were Susceptible towards (Amikacin, Tobramycin, Tetraccline, Nitrofurantoin, Chloramphenicol and Clarithromycin) antibiotics but (33.3%) of CONS isolates were showed susceptible towards (Ampicillin, Amoxicillin, Cefdinir and Vancomycin) antibiotics. While in the COPS isolates showed low susceptibility rate towards (Vancomycin, Tetracycline Amikacin and Tobramycin) antibiotics and in different percentage (81.8, 54.5 and 90.9)% respectively while (42.8,36.3, 9, 18.1, and 45.5)% were susceptible to (Ampicillin, Cfidor, Pencillin, Amoxicillin, Ticarcillin-clavulanic acid, Tobramycin, Cephalothin, Erythromycin, Chloramphenicol and Clarithromycin) respectively.
In conclusion, all isolates which have high resistance to antibiotics have low susceptible to same antibiotics.

In the current study,it was isolated 117 samples from different sources ,the isolates were identification using bacteriological and biochemical tests,(bacteria swabs uptaked from wound, otitis media ,stool and urine and), ,out of 117 samples. only 18 specimens was positive for P.aeruginosa (14%) in the otitis media,(14%) in the stool,(3%) in the wound and (0%) in the urine.all bacterial isolates identified through the using of bacterial and biochemical test ,.P.aeruginosa isolates showed highy resistance to most used antibiotics especially Ceftriaxon (CRO), Erythromycin (E), Cefixime (CFM)100% followed by Cefepime (FEP), Carbenicillin (PY)44%, Tobramycin (TOB)22% and Piperacillin (PRL)16.66% but Norfloxacin (NOR) show the attractive activities against all P.aeruginosa isolates ,the resistance was 0%.
Conclusion: P.aeruginosa isolated in low prevalence in the Teaching Tikrit Hospital only in 15,38% ,all bacterial isolates was multi drug resistance (MDR) ,and resist to most used antibiotics expect Norfloxacin (NOR).

Acute heart disease patients often go on to develop worsening renal function, termed as cardiorenal syndrome. The growing breadth of studies has shown the implications of combining multiple biomarkers to better chart outcomes between heart and kidneys, and produce desirable results in such patients, as cystatin C and galectin-3
The aim: To estimate the levels of cystatin C and galectin-3, and their relationship with cardiorenal syndrome.
Methods: Cystatin C and galectin-3 were obtained from 144 samples: 50 sample with cardiorenal syndrome, 25 sample with heart disease, 25 sample with kidney disease and 44 normal healthy .
Results: A highly significant increase (p<0.0001) in the levels of cystatin C in serum of patients with cardirenal syndrome, heart disease and kidney disease compared with normal individuals. A highly significant (p<0.0001) increase in the serum levels of galectin-3 in patients with cardirenal syndrome and patients with heart disease, significant increase in the serum levels of galectin-3 and in patients with kidney disease when compared with control group

Many new mixed ligand complexes of mercury(II) have been synthesized with LH = 4,5-(diphenyl)-1,2,4-triazole-3-thione (diptSH) and tertiary phosphines as co-ligands. The compounds have been characterized by elemental analyses, IR, UV–Vis, molar conductivity, and NMR spectroscopy. In the binuclear complexes (2-5), both Hg atoms have tetrahedral geometry, the Hg atom bonded to three halide ions and one thione ligand (LH) through the sulfur atom. The complex (6) show that thiolate ligand(diptS) is coordinated as monodentate through the sulfur atom. The dppm behave as bidentate bridging ligand to bonded two Hg(II) ions in the complex (7), Whereas in the complexes (7-10), the thionlate ligand bonded as a monodentate fashion via the sulfur atom, while the diphosphines ligands coordinated as bidentate chelating ligands, and the geometry around the Hg center ion is tetrahedral. And in the complexes (11 and 12), the phosphine bonded as monodentate ligand, and the thionlate bonded via the sulfur atom as monodentate to give tetrahedral complexes.

The solar radiation pressure is one of the non-conservative force perturbation effects on earth satellite. A method presented to calculate the effect of radiation pressure on orbital elements for different altitude of satellites, the necessary calculation down by using modern Mat lab computer language. Typical results presented for radiation effect at deferent values of area mass ratio(A/m), the computed results indicated that the orbital elements much affected by solar radiation at high value of area mass ratio, also the effect on high orbit satellite is much more than that on low orbit satellite. The study also include the solar radiation pressure at two different value of ascending node ( Ω = 00 and Ω = 1800 ).

In this paper the mean penetration depths z0 and Makhov (Implantation) profile I(z,E) were evaluated for low energies positrons(1.5-30/keV)by using a distribution function of Valkealahti - Nieminen for Germanium for different thicknesses:0.2, 0.4,0.8,1.2,1.4,1.6 μm. The obtained results reveals that the values of Makhov,s profile decreased exponentialy with increasing the positron energy and profile depths increasing linearly with increasing the incident energy. The shape of the Makhov,s profile reflects the shape of the energy spectrum of the positrons, which indicates the annihilation of positrons inside the material where its wavefunction is delocalized.

This study included preparing samples of the compound (Bi2Ba2Ca2Cu3O10+δ) by the solid state reaction method under a hydrostatic pressure 8 ton/cm2 and annealing temperature 840oC. X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), dc electrical resistivity measurements by four point probe method were used to investigate the microstructural and superconducting properties of Bi¬2223 samples. The X-rays diffraction study for the compound (Bi2Ba2Ca2Cu3O10+δ ) showed that it has Tetragonal type of crystal structure. The partial replacement of the component Ag in Bi, and Sr component in Ba simultaneously, the compound becomes (Bi2-xAgxBa2-ySryCa2Cu3O10+δ) with (x ,y) values equal to (x= 0.2, y= 0.1, 0.2, 0.3,0.4). The study of the crystal structure test showed that the structure retains on the tetragonal type with a high Tc phases (2223), low Tc phase(2212) and impurity phases, and the critical temperature Tc steps-up from (125K) to (137K) at substitution rate (x= 0.2, y= 0.1). But at increasing the substitution rate for (y) and the stability of (x) rate more than (x= 0.2, y= 0.1), the temperature declines to (108 K). Finally, the microstructural of the samples has been studies and tested by Scanning Electron Microscope for knowing the components' rates in the compound; how the compound partial substitution affect in the components; and specifying the quantitative and qualitative rates of the components in the compound.

This research describes of the results that have been obtained from alpha particles after carrying out the present study. The study was conducted on 30 urine samples taken from women, who were either infertile, had weak fertility or had uterus tumor. The age of those women ranged between (21 - 43) years. The results showed that the low level of alpha emitters and the higher level of alpha emitters, values calculated in 20 ml of female urine samples were 0.726 ppm in Sedakan and 0.065 ppm in Shorsh respectively. Thus, these areas don't represent a source of danger to human life. This denotes that there is no evidence of health problems. Significant difference found in participants’ laboratory outcomes between Erbil and Sulaymania. Significant correlations (p < 0.001) found between participants’ demographic data and their laboratory outcomes.

Renewable energy sources plays an important role in electricity generation. Various renewable energy sources like wind, solar, geothermal, ocean thermal, and biomass can be used for generation of electricity and for meeting our daily energy needs. Energy from the sun is the best option for electricity generation as it is available everywhere and is free to harness. The goal of research is to calculate the energy, engineering characteristics of solar concentrators by writing their own equations MATLAB program and compare the theoretical results with the results of the researchers was compatible

In this paper, the structural and optical properties of pure Tin Oxide and doped by Fluorine (F). Thin films were studied prepared by chemical spray pyrolysis on glass substrates at temperature 400oC. The nature of crystallization of the compounds was examined by using X-Ray diffraction technique which showed that the prepared thin films are polycrystalline structure, and the doping processes didn,t show any obvious differences on the crystalline structure of (SnO2). The DC conductivity measurements of the samples were performed by means of a two probe method. The activation energies were computed from the plots of σdc versus 1000/T. To obtain the optical parameters, the absorption and transmittance spectra were recorded in the wave length range 300-1100 nm, the energy gap of the direct and indirect allowed transition were calculated. The optical parameters such as absorption coefficient (α), refractive index (n), extinction coefficient (Ko), dielectric constant (ε'), and dielectric loss (tanδ), were also investigated

In this research we fabricated new Thin films of of pure(50:50)%GA/PVA& (50:50)%GA/PVA doping By (COCl2.6H2O) & (CuCl2.6H2O).Were prepared using cast method .Optical absorption spectra of these thin films have been recorded in the wave length range(200-800)nm using UVspectrophotometer Optical band gap of the films has been calculated by using Taucs relation and variations in the values of optical band gap of pure(50:50)%GA/PVA (3.94 ev)& (50:50)%GA/PVA doping By(CoCl2.6H2O)(3.8 ev) &(CuCl2.6H2O) (3.62ev)

In this research a new Thin films from mixing together natural polymer (Gum acacia) polysaccharide with artificial polymer ( polyvinyl alcohol ) have been prepared using cast method .Optical absorption spectra of these thin films have been recorded in the wavelength range (200-900)nm using UV-spectrophotometer .With thickness (3μm) the Optical band gap of the films has been calculated by using Taucs relation and variations in the values of optical band gap with the variation of concentrations in the blend films have been found from (3.75 -4.1) eV.

In this research we fabricated new Thin films of (Gum acacia) polysaccharide , melamine formaldehyde and their blends were prepared using cast method .Optical absorption spectra of these thin films have been recorded in the wavelength range (200-900)nm using UV-spectrophotometer. Optical band gap of the films has been calculated by using Taucs relation and variations in the values of optical band gap with the variation of concentration in the blend films have been found from (3.75-4.15) ev

In this paper we introduce a new definition is called bi- intuitionistic topological space and from this concept we present some kinds of closed set (semi –closed, pre-closed ,β-closed ,α-closed) setes in bi- intuitionistic topological space, define generalized closed set (sg-closed ,gs-closed ,gp-closed, gα-closed , αg- closed , gβ-closed) sets in bi - intuitionistic topological space and give relationship among them , we introduce the definition of Tgs-space in bi- intuitionistic topological space and from this consept we get new results

In this paper, we study the necessary condition where a nearly Kahler manifold of flat concircular tensor has been found. And the relationship between these invariants and additional properties of symmetry concircular tensor, as well as geometrical sense of the reference (manipulation) in zero of these invariants are studied.
Let M - smooth manifold of dimension 2n; - algebra of smooth functions on M; - the module of smooth vector fields on manifold of M; g = <•, > - Riemannian metrics; Ñ – Riemannian connection of the metrics g on M; d - the operator of exterior differentiation. In the further all manifold, Tensor fields, etc. objects are assumed smooth a class C^∞.

Six-dimensional Kählerian and nearly-Kählerian submanifolds of Cayley algebra are considered. Spectra of some classical tensors of such submanifolds of the octave algebra are computed. It is proved that a nearly-Kählerian six-dimensional submanifold of Cayley algebra is conharmonically flat if and only if it is holomorphically isometric to the complex Euclidean space with a canonical Kählerian structure.
2010 MSC: 53 C55, 53 C40.

Let G be a simple connected graph with vertex set V(G) and edge set E(G). The first, second and third Zagreb polynomials of G are defined as 〖ZG〗_1 (G,x)=∑_(uv∈E(G))▒x^(d_u+d_v ) , ZG_2 (G,x)=∑_(uv∈E(G))▒x^(d_u d_v ) and ZG_3 (G,x)=∑_(uv∈E(G))▒x^|d_u-d_v | . A dendrimer is an artificially manufactured or synthesized molecule built up from branched units called monomers. In this paper, the first, second and third Zagreb polynomials of three types of dendrimers are computed.

In this paper we introduces via of ideal supra topological space classes of concepts (I-supra -dense, ∗-supra dense, ∗-closed supra, ∗-perfect supra) in ideal supra topological space. At last we study and investigate some characterization of these concept for there more we introduces some continuous mapping, and there properties.

In this paper we introduces a new definition , called i- open and via this definition we introduce class of topological concepts(µ-θ-i-open set, µ-θ-i-closed, strong faintly µ-θ-continuity, strong µ-θ-continuity )and we generalized these concepts in bi -supra topological space .At last many important theorems in strongly faintly M-θ-i-continuous functions are investigated. And study the relationships among these functions and other forms are discussed.

In this paper, we introduce a new class of operators acting on a complex Hilbert space H which is called quasi-normal operator of order n. An operator T∈B(H) is called quasi-normal operator of order n if T(T*n Tn)=(T*n Tn)T, where n is positive integer number greater than 1 and T* is the adjoint of the operator T, We investigate some basic properties of such operators and study relations among quasi-normal operator of order n and some other operators.

In this paper we introduce a new class of functions in bi-supra topological space called (contra-i[contra-ii]-continuous, contra-g-i[contra-g-ii]-continuous,contra-gα-i[contra-gα-ii]-continuous, contra-gr-i[contra-gr-ii]-continuous, contra-gb-i[contra-gb-ii]-continuous, contra-πg-i[contra-πg-ii]-continuous, contra-πgα-i[contra-πgα-ii]-continuous, contra-πgr-i[contra-πgr-ii]-continuouos, contra-πgb-i[contra-πgb-ii]-continuous) and we study the relation among these functions and the composition of these functions. At last many important theorems are proved.

The concept of permanence conharmonic type Nearly Kahler manifold conditions are obtained when the Nearly Kahler manifold is a manifold conharmonic constant type. Proved that the local conharmonic constancy of type Nearly Kahler manifold is equivalent to its global conharmonic constancy of type. And also proved that the Nearly Kahler manifold conharmonic constant type is a manifold of constant scalar curvature.
The notion of constancy of type Nearly Kahler manifolds was introduced A.Greem ([1], [2], [3]) and has proved very useful in the study of the geometry of nearly kahler manifolds. Next nearly kahler manifolds of constant type considered various mathematicians (see. [1], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7]). Comprehensive description of Nearly Kahler manifolds of constant type was obtained V.F.Kirichenko [6]. In [6] it is shown that Nearly Kahler manifold of pointwise constant type description by the identity , where B - a function on Nearly Kahler manifold, . Wherein local constancy of type Nearly Kahler manifold is equivalent to the local constancy of its type. Moreover, the covariant constancy of structure tensors of the first and second kind it follows immediately that, the constancy of type at only one point Nearly Kahler space implies global consistency of its type.

The purpose of this paper is to provide original results related to the choice of the number of sensors and their supports for distributed parameter systems. We introduce the notion of exponential observation error. We show that, the number and location of sensor may be some interest in the existence of regional exponential observation state.