Journal of Tikrit University for Humanities

The simplest cases of linguistic communication are those in which the speaker utters an utterance and means exactly and literally what he says. But not all cases of expressing meaning are this simple. In many cases what the speaker means and the utterance meaning come apart in various ways. One important instance of such cases is that in which the speaker utters an utterance, means what he says, but also means something more. Within the advertisements of the two mobile phone companies, Asiacell and Zain, it is noticed that extra meanings are expressed in addition to the exact words forming these advertisements. This paper tries to shed light on the nature of the language used in these advertisements by studying the different directive speech acts utilized in them.

To adapt is to adjust something to be fit in a new position or situation. A general phrase which could be said about this wide term. In literature the term is used to modify that a work of art has been reused and produced in being other than the former one. The adapted work is going to be fresh as it is recently having been written, yet that does not mean it will be a successful one. Adaptation has been known since ages; however, it has not come to be known under that name. Eventually, it is come to be known as historical novels. History should be built on facts and nothing but facts, while in historical fiction the readers are going to encounter many fictions, which make it a novel. This work is going to shed light on this subject. It tries to study the Talisman (1825) the work of Sir Walter Scott as well as Michael Crichton’s masterpiece Eaters of the Dead (1976). Both authors are great ones. However, this work will show that there are some ideas and information reflect other critical points are used by both authors and their adapted works.

American exceptionalism is a political philosophy with ideological rivals which lets the American people think of political conditions, such as equality, liberty, and democracy as possessions for the USA. It is based on American ideology. The study examines and analyzes the American ex-president George W. Bush's speeches by relating his language to the ideology in the speeches. The aim of the research is to reveal the effects of linguistic manipulations on ideology by linking language to the structure of a society, and to find out the impact of a combination of different ideologies on the audience. It also reveals how language is used positively and negatively to emphasize positive self-representation and negative other-representation. Therefore, it hypothesizes the question: Are Bush's rhetoric positively or negatively perceived by his community members particularly post the September 11th events? The data selected for this study are seven speeches of Bush from the period of September 2001 till January 2002 that are analyzed linguistically and ideologically within Van Dijk's (2005) framework. The study arrives at these conclusions: (i) Bush's rhetoric have emphasized the positive ideologies of the Americans by repeating the positive linguistic expressions, and the negative ideologies of their opponents (the terrorists) by repeating the negative linguistic expressions. (ii) The positive self-representation is explicitly used more than negative other-representation throughout the choice of vocabulary in the speeches.

Ellipsis & elision are widespread phenomenon in English. Using ellipsis in spoken and written forms denotes mastery of the language whether in native or non-native language .Elision, on the other hand , shows how some sounds in connected speech can be omitted.
This research presents a study of ellipsis and elision . It introduces some definitions of ellipsis and elision and its value in English language besides other subjects that are related with the title of the research.
Section one is the introduction . Section two deals with ellipsis and an exclusive attempt to deal with ellipsis in embedded structures, concepts of ellipsis according to traditional, structural and transformational view . While section three deals with elision, its definition ,historic elision in English and its types . Section four is the conclusions followed by bibliography.

Islamic feminism tackles Eastern women who are often viewed as shackled by social oppression, religious manacles, and domestic confinement in various literary works. They often suffer exclusion from the public life in an age afflicted by extremity and heretical exercises. The notion that women are shame and a likely reason of dishonor seems to appeal to some Muslim communities; a notion that was bitterly widespread in communities before Islam whereas baby girls were buried alive so that their fathers could dispense with their shame. The paper reveals a clear affinity between the theoretical views of the Moroccan feminist, Fatema Mernissi and some enthusiastic feminist poems of the Iraqi poet Marruf Al Rusafi. It highlights the woman's position and rights in Islamic communities and how a woman practices a life within these norms. Mernissi, on the one hand, is one of the precursors of Islamic feminists who published many books and articles trying to unveil and uplift at the same time the Muslim woman's status. Her publications got wide responses, sometimes abhorring and other times hailing. Marruf Al Rusafi, on the other hand, is an Iraqi nation bard whose ideas align with Fatema’s in fighting dogmatic ills and to arouse social conscience. For him, the absence of the woman's role in life causes absence of tolerance, mercy, and advancement.

Intelligence is considered as the strongest predictor of scholastic achievement. ‎Research aimed to identify the impact of the use of supra-cognitive thinking ‎strategies in the analysis of texts for first year students at Mosul University in Iraq ‎‎. The researcher used the questionnaire as a tool to collect information about ‎supra-cognitive.‎‏
‏This study aimed to identify the impact of the use of supra-cognitive thinking ‎strategies in the analysis of texts for first year students at Mosul University in Iraq. ‎To achieve the goals of the study, the researcher used the a questionnaire as a tool ‎data collection instrument for the study, and. The study was applied to 10 Iraqi ‎university lecturers to take their views on the effect of using supra-cognitive ‎thinking strategies in teaching on students' ability toanalyze. ‎