Academic Science Journal

One hundred thirty eight samples were collected from human skin. Thirty two isolates (23.1%) were found to be Staphylococcus. The isolates were subjected to primary and secondary screening for nuclease production. The isolate Staphylococcus EH69 was found to be an efficient nuclease producer in submerged culture. The optimum environmental conditions for enzyme production were found to be using Brain Heart Infusion supplement with glucose and sodium bicarbonate medium at optimum pH 8 and inoculum size 3% at 35Co.

Background: Diabetes mellitus is regarded as one of the commonest metabolic disorder all
over the world. It can cause various endocrine disorders by affecting the secretion,
metabolism, clearance or bioavailability of hormones. Aim of study: This study is to answer
if type1 diabetes changes cortisol level in female diabetic patients who have different
degrees of glycemic control. Subjects, Materials and Methods: This study includes (81)
female subjects, age ranged from (15 to 37) years. (20) subjects are apparently healthy
chosen as control group and (61) patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus were divided into two
groups according to their glycemic control : (16) with poor glycemic control (HbA1c>8%)
and (45) with acceptable glycemic control (HbA1c<8%) . In this study Cortisol was
quantitatively determined in patients and healthy subjects by EnzymeLinked Immuno sorbent
Assay [ELISA] test using commercially available kits. In addition to that, the duration of
disease, fasting plasma glucose (FPG) ,Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and body mass index
(BMI) were identified in the patients. RESULTS: In poor glycemic control group, Cortisol
level (267.89±16.60 ng/ml,p<0.05) was higher than in acceptable glycemic control group
(126.84±4.55 ng/ml,p>0.05) and in nondiabetic patients (123±6.13 ng/ml ,p>0.05).
CONCLUSIONS In type 1 female diabetic subjects, adrenal activity is enhanced in patients
with poorly controlled patients diabetes and the degree of cortisol secretion is related to the
glycemic control .

This study was achieved in order to study the effects of methyl mercury chloride, injected subcutaneously on the some of the reproductive parameters of the strain: Balb C. The following biological parameters were studied in the animals that received either one are several injection of zero (contral), 1. 2, 2 and 2.8mg of methyl mercury chloride/ Kg body weight: 1- Morphology and body weight of the testes. 2- Diameter of seniniferous tubules and percentage of affected tubules. 3- Numbers of different spermatogenic cells in each tubule such as spermatogonia, primary and secondary spermatocytes, spermatids and sertali- cells. Treatment with methyl mercury chloride have produced significant degress of damage in the testes & that these effects were proprtionated with the concentration. Histological studies of these testes showed that methyl mercury chloride induced significant reductions in the diameters of the seminiferous tubules particulary in the testes of animals that received the highest concentration. Methyl mercury chloride was also found to induce a conspicuous damage in these tubules. The study showed that treatment with methyl mercury chloride coused significant reductions in the mean number of the different spermatogenic cells (spermaogonia, primary and secondary spermatacyts, speratides and sertoli- cells). These reductions were proportionated with the concentration of the injected substance.

The aim of this research is to measure temperature distribution by non–contact
technique ( Cyclops 52) during metal processing by CO2 laser –gas jet system This project is
achieved at different speeds .Quick response and accurate results will incourage researchers to
adopt this method ,particularly for moving and inaccessible object by Contact methods such
as thermocouple .

In this paper, an approach is presented, to construct the optimality conditions of
fractional order unconstrained and constrained variational problems with discontinuous
functional, having different multi fractional order derivatives, on fixed and moving
boundaries.

Statistical process control (SPC) involves measurements of process performance that aim to
identify common and assignable causes of quality variation and maintain process
Performance within specified limits. it is fashionable buzzword in manufacturing industry.
Manufacturing organizations need to improve quality while decreasing costs and increasing
production volumes with fewer resources. [1] As competitive pressure has been steadily
rising. These studies aimed to assess production quality in the plant, in this research we have
about (15) sample of product in 2 weeks each one content 3 sub sample. We apply the
(Rbar), (Sbar ) &pooled standard deviation. [2], [3], [4] [5] analyzing data collection by
using MINTAB present that the production did not mach the specification that the plant
management wanted to achieve. The underlying goal of the study is to reduce the variations
and rejections in a critical process. The objective of this paper is to monitoring the quality
of Product using statistical quality control maps; explain the concept of statistical process
control and its application in a manufacturing industry to improve the quality levels. [6]

All the planets moves on ellipse orbits in which the sun is located in one of their focal points and
governed Kipler's three laws. This is theoretical because the planet does not move around the sun apart from the
other planets that cause its gravitation disorder changing its orbit into disordered ellipse. The disorder is not
constant because it depends on the distances between the planets and the sun and between each other.
Therefore ,measuring their coordinations ,distance ,phases and illumination is extremely Determination
complicated . This required using a modern international program called (REDSHIFT3) . We used the results of
this program to measure ,diagram and discuss special physical and orbital elements of the terrestrial planets to
identify the characteristics of the orbits of the planets and the optimal settings and dates to observe them . We
obtained the maximum and minimum value of the elements(Mukth , Elongation , Magnitude , Distance and
Daimeter) we also obtained significant numbers and conclusions unavailable previasly (in this way) about the
terrestrial planets.

A mathematical and computer simulation have been achieved for the collisional
processes in dusty plasma sheath, including the effect of power law dependence for cross
section on particles energy. Based on this model exact numerical solution of sheath
governing equations using Runge – Kotta’ routines are obtained for special case of constant
dust mobility. The effect of collisinal parameters on electric potential sheath width and
average impact energy at wall for both ion – electron and dusty plasmas have been studied by
numerically solving the characteristic equations. It is found that different charge numbers on
the dust grains, the ratio of ion to electron densities, and the electric potential (and hence the
electric field) have a strong effect on the dusty plasma sheath. A comparison between exact
numerical solution and derivate analytical approximate expressions for sheath width and
impact energy are made.

This study includes 262 samples of stool gathered from patients children visiting Hawijah
public hospital (Hawijah city ) for the period Jaunuary 2009 to June of the same year . The
ages of these children were less than five years , males were ( 62.5%) (120) infections ,
females were (37%)(72)infections Results of the bacterial growth showed that 192 samples
were positive 37.3% , while the other showed no bacterial growth ( 70 samples 26.7% ) ,
specimen were microscopically examined and diagnosed by Api system , the highest
bacterial pathogens were Escherichia coli ( 66.6%) , Salmonella( 15.6%) , Shigella (9.3%) ,
Proteus mirabilis(2.6%), Klebsiella pneumoniae(2.1%) , Compyiobacter jejuni( 1.6%) , and
Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus (1.1%)respectively. Some of effective
factors have been studied especially of the spreading of diarrhea among children, like age ,
sex , monthly infections . The highest infection ratio was among infant children (64.6%) , (
1 year – 2 years ) (17.8%) , (2years-3years )(8.3%) , ( 3years -4years ) (7.3%) ,and (4years
5years ) 2% , while monthly infections reached its peak in June with ( 38.9%) .
The sensitivity of isolates were examined for antibiotics, the isolates showed ahight
resistance for Ampicillin ,while the others showed highest sensitivity for Co – trimoxazol
,Erthromycin , Chloramphenicol.

n this study the pecten oculi of the sparrow hawk (Accipiter nisus), a diurnally active
bird of prey, has been examined by light microscopy. In this species the pecten consists of
(11- 12) highly vascularised pleats, held together apically by a heavily pigmented 'bridge' and
projects freely into the vitreous body in the ventral part of the eye cup. Ascending and
descending blood vessels of varying calibre, together with a profuse network of capillaries,
essentially constitute the vascular framework of the pecten. A distinct distribution of
melanosomes is discernible on the pecten, the concentration being highest at its apical end,
moderate at the crest of the pleats and least at the basal and lateral margins. Overlying and
within the vascular network, a close association between blood vessels and melanocytes is
evident. It is conjectured that such an association may have evolved to augment the structural
reinforcement of this nutritive organ in order to keep it firmly erectile within the gel-like
vitreous. Such erectility may be an essential prerequisite for its optimal functioning, as well as
in its overt use as a protective shield against the effects of ultraviolet light, which otherwise
might lead to damage of the pectineal vessels .

The fact that insulin and thyroid hormones influenes each other actions assumes
significance since diabetes mellitus and thyroid disease are two commen endocrine disorders
in adult population in Iraq. Hyperglycems is considered amajor initor to other tissue damaje
throughout diabetes mellitus development ,for all above the present study amied to investigate
the glycemia affect type 2 on thyroid gland measuring T3,T4,TSH and F.B.glucose in sera of
26 patients with DM2who diagnosed by supervison in teaching ALkiadhmia Hospital during
the period February 2010 and Aprial 2010 .The invesitigation have been compared with 33
healthy individuals as control group
This study revealed that DM2 is prevalent among female at age (4049)years with non
significant differences (p>0.05)
Laboratory inuestigations showed that hormons leavels of T3&T4 had been increased
significantly (p<0.05) among diabetic patiants type2 while pituitary hormone TSH had
decreased nonsignificantiy in compared to control group(p>0.05).
Finally the study revealed appositive correlation between F.B.glucoses and TSHand negative
association for F.B.glucoses with T3&T4
In conclusion it can said patients with DM2would be with hyperthyroidism throught time.

This study was conducted to evaluate the prevalence rate of toxoplasmosis among 79
healthy students (51male,28 female) their age ranged between 1822 years from AL
Mustansiriya University. Blood samples were collected and the presence of T.gondii IgG
antibodies was determined by using two methods, Latex agglutination test LAT and
Enzyme link immunosorbent assay ELIZA, Creactive protein CRP was measured as an
inflammatory marker.
The seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis by LAT and ELIZA were 35(44.3%), 29(36.7%)
respectively. High significant difference (P<0.01) was found between LAT and ELIZA tests.
There was no difference (P>0.05) in CRP positive rat of students (17 male, 10 female).When
compare CRP result with LAT, ELIZA results 17 samples were found positive in both CRP
and LAT, while 19 samples were found positive in both ELIZA and CRP.

Certain types of the most common pathogenic bacteria affecting humanbeing ,
being diagnosed using specified biochemical and physiological tests , were
included in this study , to demonstrate the effect of very low concentrations of
identified susceptibility types of antibiotics on these bacteria , aiming at exploring
the effect of improper use of antibiotics , using then in low doses or for short time
, irrespective of the doctor's instruction . The results showed that all the isolates were
affected by all antibiotics used in this study in different manner . Protues vulgaris
reveal heavy growth of 0.01 mg/ml oncentration for all types of used antibiotics,
while the growth of Echerichia coli was heavy with concentration of 0.01 to 0.3
mg/ml of tetracycline , Pseudomonas aeruginosa show very profound growth at 0.01
mg/ml concentration of tetracycline as
well as Klebsiella pneumonia at 0.2 mg/ml concentration of Bacterim. On the other
hand bacterial cells showed morphological and physiological changes in regard
to its response to Gram stain , attachment of cells and cluster appearance of
Staphylococcus aureus, increase in the size of cells of E. coli than it's normal
range , shortening in the length of P. aeruginosa and loss of capability to form
capsule of K. pneumonia . On conclusion , low concentration of antibiotics lead to
generation of new resistant strains from the same type of pathogenic bacteria when
these antimicrobial ents were used incorrectly in response to the doctors instruction
.

Studied in this research the impact of the proportion of added coal and the size of its grains on the thermal conductivity of the samples of ceramic used soil as a basis and added to its coal percentages by weight are: (20, 10, 5.1, 0.5, 0.2, 0.1)% and four volumes of granulomas, and then compressed samples in tablets of 25mm diameter and burned much 1100оC. Calculated the thermal conductivity using a CD-I Lee's disk) (and then calculated the porosity and absorbency of water and the density of each sample. Found that there is a close relationship between thermal conductivity and the proportion of added coal and the size of its grians, with increasing thermal conductivity of the ratios weighted low-lying (0.2 - 0.1)% and then starts decreasing with increasing the proportion of coal in the sample, on the other hand decreasing thermal conductivity increase size granular added coal, recorded samples with ratios weighted high of 20% and size granular coarse (600-1180) μm lower values for the conduction heat. wecan take advantage of the low thermal conductivity of the work of thermal insulation ceramic used for lining furnaces, cooking and drying can also be employed in the manufacture of brick construction to increase the thermal isolation.

The lightning phenomena which accompany thunderstorms is considered as one of the important phenomena, which has direct influence on human life, his properties so far this phenomena has been studied since more than two centuries and a half just to expose the mysteries and place of where it is happening and how to get benefit of it. So this research aims to study the relation between lightning activity total flashes (N) and some atmospheric factors which are represented by the mean monthly wet bulb temperature (Tw) and the mean monthly relative humidity (RH) the results has been shown, it seems that part of it takes direct relation while the other takes an opposite relation for the days that lightning phenomena happen in and for rainy season selected station stations in Iraq.The results of the relation between lightning activity (N) and the geographical location, show that the former (N) has increased toward the Equator and getting less away from it, this increase and decrease belong to the Convection Available Potential Energy [CAPE]

The purpose of this paper is to study the construction of complete and maximal (k , n)
arcs in the projective plane PG (2 , 7) , n = 2 , 3, ...,8 .
A (k, n) –arc K in a projective plane is a set of K points such that no n + 1 of which are
collinear. A (k, n) –arc is complete if it is not contained in a (k + 1, n) – arc.
A (k, n) – arc is a maximal if and only if every line in PG ( 2 , P ) is
a O – secant , or n – secant , which represented as ( k , 2 ) – arc and ( k , 8) – arc.

In this work I observed the open cluster M34 using 16 inch reflecting telescope to estimate the
age of the cluster using turn–off point of a star from the main sequence stars on the B – V
color magnitude diagram. This can be done by plotting the stars in a socalled Hertzsprung
Russell (HR) diagram, revealing the nature of the stars. Since the hot and bright (highmass)
stars have much shorter lives than the colder and fainter (lowmass) stars, we can find the
cluster age by finding the hottest stars still remaining in the cluster (the turn off point). In
order to obtain images of stars at different wavelengths for photometric study. one might use
images taken through the B and Vband filters to determine BV color of the stars.
To avoid a worse seeing or the high brightness of the saturating stars in the cluster one can
limit the field of view of the telescope so that only part of the cluster can be imaged at once,
so, I used four parts of the image at lower left, lower right, upper left, and upper right.
On the other hand there are many faint stars in our cluster. So, several images will be need in
each B, and V filters, at different exposure time. I used 30 s and 300 s. The long exposure for
measuring the fainter stars, and the short exposure for measuring the bright stars, and it is
important for our aim of this work that the bright stars are included in the selection, to
determine the turn–off point of the cluster.
By using aperture photometry on 232 stars, the age of the cluster has been estimated to be
between 100260 Myr. To estimate the seeing, ten stars have been examined to give the value
of 3.03 arcsec in Bfilter and 2.7 arcsec in Vfilter.

Densities and Viscosities for several concentration of three amino acids (Alanine, Threonine and cysteine) dissolved in water and in HCL (0.1M) at 298.15 °K have been measured on the basis of these data, the apparent molal volume limiting partial volumes at infinite dilution , slop , Jones Dole coefficient B, and were be calculated. The results shows a strong solute-solute and weak solute-solvent interactions and also strong the built structure of Amino Acids.

The study includes isolation and identification of bacteria from sputum of three
groups :the first (85 patients with asthma) ; the second (85 smokers) and the third (50
persons Healthy in appearance); a control group for the period from 1/1/2008 to 1/1/2009
in Baquba Hospital . The results show that Streptococcus pneumonia bacteria are dominant
in the first and second groups with ratio %32.9 in comparison with the healthy group% 8 and
Streptococcus viridians bacteria which presents %30 in the same group. The bacterial
isolations differ in their sensitivity and resistance to some antibiotics; it was found that
most of them were sensitive to Ciprofloxacin and Augmentin and resistant toAmpicillin
Gentamycin.

Many vinylic monomers bearing both ester and amide groups were synthesized , starting from
amic acids . The resulted monomers were polymerized by free radical method . Full analysis
of the prepared compounds were carried out using spectroscopic methods in addition to the
physical properties of those compounds .