Kufa Journal of Arts

Kitab Al- Aghany is one of the most important resource that deal with Hijr bin Adi Al- Kindy Movement, Al- Asfahany had separated about fifteen pages , so they exceed most of the historic resources ,that paid little attention to this movement, save Al- Tabary and Al-Baladhery .

Al- Asfahany , in his treating with this movement, depended on a set of the narrators , but he depended greatly on the narration of Abi Mokhanef which is considered as the most important narrations.

Comparing what Al- Asfahany had mentioned about this movement with what the other historic resources had mentioned , it became clear that Al- Asfhany had his own important narration that showed the movement nature and aims , and that Al- Asfhany had found that a wide historic information about this movement that made him deal with it elaborately , so Kitab Al- Aghany is one of the most important resource to study all the movement aspects.

The importance of the island comes mainly from its geographical location, which gave it geostrategic importance, as it overlooks vital sea lanes, namely the Indian Ocean, the Arabian Sea and the Gulf of Aden. This location has enabled it to supervise the navigation route between the West and the East in both its aspects, whether military navigation or economic navigation, in particular, and energy supplies through the Bab al-Mandab Strait, which is the transit route to the African continent.

Its location in the Indian Ocean has strengthened its commercial position linking the countries of the Arabian Peninsula and the countries of North Africa with the countries of South and Southeast Asia, and made it an island in the middle of international navigation routes, facilitating the docking of ships in its ports. Geomorphological factors have helped shape its winding coasts, which have provided ports protected from strong winds.

Among the geographical characteristics, we expect that many international and regional powers aspire to exploit the island as a military base, and that Yemen sees it as a strategic depth when it is targeted.

The island has a vital maritime importance that we expect to increase in the future, as any regional role assigned to it in the region will threaten the interests of countries that see it as an excellent geostrategic location. Accordingly, the location represents great importance in international and regional strategy, due to its importance as a major transit point for oil tankers and Chinese industrial exports to Western Europe, and a transit corridor from neighboring countries across the Arabian Gulf, passing through the Arabian Sea and the Gulf of Aden. Then this location will have an impact on their mutual economic relations based on the strategic advantage and market importance in the region.

Praise be to Allah alone, Lord of the Worlds, and peace and blessings be upon His Prophet and his pure family. Abu al-Barakat al-Baghdadi occupied an important position in the history of our Arab-Islamic philosophy, and he had an authentic critical ability that we find difficult to find a match for. He absorbed all the different intellectual trends of his time, and this was clearly shown in his book (Al-Mu'tabar fi al-Hikmah), where he set out his philosophical project and critical stance towards the intellectual trends of his time. This book took into account all the fine details of these trends and directions, and it can be said that it is the intellectual encyclopedia of the period of Abu al-Barakat al-Baghdadi. It became clear through this research that Abu al-Barakat was able to establish the foundations of the rational critical approach in his book (Al-Mu'tabar fi al-Hikmah), and this indicates the originality and depth of this philosophical thought, just like other Muslim philosophers such as al-Ghazali, Ibn Rushd, and others. There are many reasons for researchers to choose this topic, such as: - What has been published for Abu Al-Barakat is only a small part of his works, it still needs more and more in-depth study, and a number of researchers have studied his works before, but the field of logic is still not studied, I think, so I decided to study this topic. The thesis is divided into three chapters, an introduction and a conclusion. The first chapter is an introductory approach to Abu Al-Barakat Al-Baghdadi, and includes the life of the philosopher, his works and his philosophical approach within the first topic, while the second section deals with logic before Abu Al-Barakat Al-Baghdadi, which is represented by the philosophers of Greece, with a brief presentation of Aristotle's logic and the philosophy of Islam.

This study deals with one aspect of the biography of the head of the Supreme Islamic Shiite Council in Lebanon, Sheikh Muhammad Mahdi bin Sheikh Abdul Karim bin Sheikh Abbas Al Shams al-Din Muhammad bin Makki al-Jazni al-Amili, known as the First Martyr, author of the book (Al-Lami’ al-Dimashqiyya). This aspect relates to the renewal of his thinking and his reform efforts that began in Najaf al-Ashraf, where he was born in 1936 and where his father lived to study religious sciences in its seminary. Sheikh Shams al-Amid also joined the seminary, which added traditional features to his thinking and personality.

The research aims to reveal the variation of soil properties in the western plateau of Najaf Governorate and to show this variation in the form of a spatial distribution using geographic information systems in the (modeling) method for soil samples, amounting to (40) samples, covering most of the study area and its area (27528) km2 and at a depth of (0-30 cm).

The research first dealt with the physical properties, which included analyzing the soil texture of sand, clay and silt and knowing their proportions. It appeared that the proportions of sand increased in the samples located within the Najaf-Karbala plateau and the proportions of silt were relatively high in the samples of the Najaf Sea area. The research also dealt with the analysis of other physical properties represented by organic matter, hydrogen sulfide and electrical conductivity.

The research studied the second analysis of the chemical properties represented by the analysis of (calcium carbonate, calcium sulphate, magnesium, potassium, sodium and calcium). The analysis showed a variation in these properties due to the difference in the type of rocks and their raw material, in addition to the availability of water and natural vegetation. Finally, the types of soils were addressed according to the physical and chemical properties and their geographical distribution based on the (GIS) program.

Iraq has many types of domestic animals such as sheep, goats, cows, and buffaloes, and they are abundant in areas rich in fertile pastures, as Iraq is primarily an agricultural country, and humans have been and still are heavily dependent on their products, which constitute the second half of agricultural production. Which provides them with their nutritional needs in addition to their other luxury needs, in addition to benefiting from their waste as soil fertilizer. However, livestock in Iraq suffers from many natural, human and life problems, as a result of neglect, shortcomings or unbalanced government policies. What concerns us in this research is to shed light on the problems related to natural and life conditions, such as problems related to pastures, water resources and diseases. The research is focused on four main axes. The first axis aims to show the economic and nutritional importance of livestock, and the second axis focuses on showing the numerical and qualitative characteristics of livestock in Iraq and their distributions, while the third axis sheds light on the most important problems that this wealth suffers from, while the fourth axis was established to find a solution to the problems that this wealth suffers from in Iraq.

The Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions are political statements drafted in 1798. They are legislative acts adopted by Republicans in opposition to the federal alien laws, the press law, and the sedition law, which the Republican legislator argued through these resolutions had the right and duty of these states to declare null and unconstitutional (1). These federal laws, in reference to the rights of these states and their strong legitimacy derived from the spirit of the Constitution of the United States. The Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions were written in secret between 1798 and 1799 by Vice Presidents Thomas Jefferson and James Madison, respectively, who called the resolutions "the Principles of 98" (2).

This research aims to reveal the strategic importance of the geographical location of Najaf, which paved the way for the opening of other regions beyond the borders of Iraq during the Islamic conquests that took place on its land (12-19) AH, as well as clarifying the religious and political dimension of this location, which was one of the most important reasons that led to the transfer of the capital of the Islamic state from Medina to Kufa, which is located within the spatial boundaries of the research represented by the geographical and civilizational triangle (Al-Hirah - Kufa - Najaf).

Due to the importance of history in making the political event, the research used the historical method to interpret the time factor and reveal the strategic importance of the location of Najaf and its political repercussions on the future of the place.

The geopolitical analysis of the strategic importance of the location of Najaf came from exposure to its spatial features represented by the location, site, and political, military and economic gains that the Islamic state gained from controlling that location.

The research also included a set of maps and illustrative figures in addition to the theoretical framework with which it began and the conclusions it reached.

The natural symbol is considered one of the artistic sources whose employment has contributed to enriching and enriching poetic texts and deepening their meanings. This employment of nature, its symbols and its projections in the Palestinian poetic text has contributed remarkably to the brilliance and splendor of the texts and removed all types of superficiality, direct rhetoric and obscuration from them. This matter prompted the Palestinian poet to employ and invoke nature (such as the palm tree) according to his contemporary vision, in preparation for expressing his ideas and current national issues. This article, according to the descriptive analytical approach, aims to demonstrate the importance of the natural symbol and the extent of its impact on the poetic experience. It also addresses the connotations born from the invoked symbol (the palm tree) and demonstrates its impact and effectiveness on the recipient and its role in the ongoing conflict between the Zionists and the Palestinians.

This research is based on the hypothesis that Hussein Mardan's literature is a diverse creative literature that is greater than what is known and popularized in people's minds, and in the studies of scholars, even if they are few. He is not just a poet of the genre. Therefore, this study was directed to examine the various fields in which his poetry had an impact, or had an impact on his poetry. We found that Hussein Mardan felt a strong sense of death and hunger, and faced the world and existence, and was concerned with the major issues that concern his country and his people. The starting point for all of this was that Hussein Mardan had an inflated self that felt within itself strength and greatness in the face of a trivial, unbalanced world that could not meet its minimum requirements, nor could it meet the simplest requirements of life for the overwhelming majority of people in Iraq under colonial and feudal domination and tyranny. Therefore, we find Hussein Mardan opening the doors of hope and optimism to himself, and to all people, when the revolution of July 14, 1958 occurred, and the pattern of his poetic discourse changed and took on a new tone, the tone of joy and optimism, but only for a while.

Hadaba bin Al-Khashem (d. 57 AH) was one of the poets who was imprisoned and suffered from this experience. These feelings were evident in his poetry as his stances were contradictory between hope and despair. Other features also appeared in his poetry such as patience and courage. He survived many harsh emotions that overwhelmed him. Therefore, the images in his poetry varied, influenced by the different experiences he went through in his life such as imprisonment, losing his wife, losing his parents, turning from wealth to poverty, etc.). Despite these pains, he remained strong until the last day of his life.

It is clear from the following that Abdul Mohsen Shalash had many and great relationships with the noble people of Najaf, and he had a good reputation in Iraq in general and in Najaf in particular. Although he was busy with politics, he did not leave Najaf, and he always came and attended in Najaf, and he remained a reward with his family and friends. Abdul Mohsen Shalash believed strongly in its sanctities, so he worked on building and constructing many cemeteries and Husseiniyas, and he also worked on educating the people of Najaf by helping to build many schools such as Al-Karai School. He also wrote many articles in Najaf magazines and newspapers, and he wrote in many fields that represented the status in Iraqi society.

There are many problems facing philosophy, as we find some of them that attract attention in contemporary Western thought, and the most important changes that occur in some of its features and knowing the nature of a small part of these major transformations that the twentieth century witnessed intellectually and cognitively, and Paul Ricoeur is a prominent name in French philosophy and literature, and it is not easy to grasp all of his philosophy because it is in itself an encyclopedia open to all schools and philosophical, literary and linguistic trends, whether French, English, American or European in general, as he took from it and was influenced by a number of trends and trends that preceded him, as he was influenced by Husserl's phenomenology, and was influenced by Heidegger's theses on being, and took from analytical philosophy opinions in the philosophy of language. He had contributions, including the book (The Voluntary and the Involuntary), and (The Infinity of Sin), which included two parts (The Fallible Man, and the Symbolism of Evil), and the goal of that was to analyze pain and approach the issue of evil and explain it thanks to the interpretation of primary symbols such as sin, defilement and guilt.

Mr. Muhammad al-Hasani al-Baghdadi interpreted history in a philosophical and jurisprudential manner according to his pure religious culture. In addition, the works and readings from which we drew al-Baghdadi's view of history studied history from a religious point of view in particular. He went beyond any work related to the origins of Western history for all trends and schools. Accordingly, we understood that his views came to support our interest and understanding of our Islamic heritage in general and our Shiite heritage in particular. This does not mean that al-Baghdadi adopts a methodological view of history more than trying to rewrite and correct the view of Islamic history in general. His goal from theses attempts is to make Islamic history linked to the historical reality of the Islamic cause in all its stages and periods. In doing so, he confirms the basic conditions related to the nature and purpose of this history on the one hand and the method of dealing with Islamic historical records on the other hand, which later became the basis for our understanding of this history.

Imam Muhammad al-Jawad, like his pure fathers, played a major role in explaining the status of Imamate as an important ideological principle and the elements on which it is based. He asserted his right to it through a scientific and courageous protest. Based on all these scientific justifications, I wrote this research about him and his positions. The research is divided into four axes and a conclusion.

This study examines the role of synonyms in presenting the main themes in Wordsworth's poetry, who is considered one of the best representatives of the Romantic poets. Thus, his style can be an image of this movement. Wordsworth's poetry generally interacts with the literary thought and practices of the previous century. His main theme, like most Romantics, is the material beauty and satisfaction derived from nature. Romantics believe in nature and realism in place of morality. They believe that man should not conform to a single standard of code or be depicted, but derive pleasure from what he derives from nature (see Abrams, 1953; Moulin, 2005: 1-2). Thus, his style is worthy of investigation because it represents an image of his age.

The legend of the vampire has continued to terrify and fascinate people all over the world. The idea of ​​a night stalker who feeds on human blood has existed for centuries and continues to this day. Many countries and cultures around the world have their own personal variations on a similar mythical entity. Regardless of the variation, all vampire tales have one major common denominator—the lust for human blood. Bram Stoker established the cornerstone upon which all vampire characters are based in his 1897 novel Dracula, which has been inexhaustible since its publication and whose main character, Count Dracula, has become a horror icon that has inspired many subsequent novels and stories in the vampire fiction genre. However, only a handful of these novels have been considered of literary merit. This small group includes the works of Anne Rice (1941‒) in which she developed a new way of depicting the vampire in fiction. The vampire has changed from the sinister and terrifying Dracula to a more gentle and sympathetic vampire who questions the meaning of his existence.

Tess of the d'Urbervillesis is a novel by Thomas Hardy that deals with the story of Tess Durbeyfield, a working woman on the d'Urbervilles farm. She works to help her family survive. Jack Durbeyfield, Tess's father, has no job. He spends his days drinking. Tess looks like her mother, Joan Durbeyfield, as both are beautiful and uneducated women. Alec d'Urbervilles forces Tess to rape him. She cannot oppose him because he is her master at work on the one hand, and she is ignorant of the sexual relationship between man and woman and the consequences associated with this relationship. Hardy condemns Tess's passivity. To be a passive person means to lose; it means to be aimless, to be subservient, to be destined for fate without any resistance. Tess is passive in not attacking, and defends herself from Alec's seduction at the beginning. She is passive in accepting Angel Clare's decision to leave her on the night of confession at the end. She would have done better to fend off external attacks. She is partly responsible for her tragic flaw and the other responsibility lies with her mother Joan. Her mother did not advise or tell her how to protect herself. Through the tragic flaw, the destructive factor resulting from the flaws in character is what leads to the complete destruction of the character.