Diyala Journal of Human Research

This paper aims at identifying the general inclination of climatic elements in Diyala province via relying on the special data of all climatic elements of meteorological stations as climate stations (Al-Khalis, Toz, Khurmatu, Khanaqin, Baghdad, Badrah, and Azeezia) were selected and their time series were analyzed for the duration from (1991-2017) in Al-Khalis and Toz Khormatu stations, the duration from (1977-2017) regarding Khanaqin station in addition to the duration from (1971-2017) concerning Baghdad station and (1994-2017) in terms of Badra and Aziziya stations. These elements were (solar radiation, actual solar brightness, normal temperature, maximum and minimum temperatures, wind speed, relative humidity and rain). It is found out that there was a decrease in solar radiation and actual solar brightness whereas temperatures were rising in all the stations under scrutiny, which is a clear indication of climate change.

The research deals with a range of expressions with ambiguous connotations in the Qur'an, and it is not intended to mention their names or the designation of their type or number. The reason for that is that they are useless to mention, because knowledge of them does not bring benefits, and ignorance about them does not bring harm neither in science nor in religion. The Qur'an, when mentioned them, did not cite an evidence of them nor the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings on him) cited a saying that can be referred to. Moreover, the statements of scholars in specifying them are conflicting. Therefore, it is better in this regard to leave interpreting such expressions, because the text of the Holy Qur'an cannot be tolerated for fear of saying something not stated nor meant by Allah the Almighty.

The paper aims to study the geographical distribution of crimes recorded by Diyala Criminal Court in 2017, and to determine the pattern of that distribution at the provincial level, by analyzing data obtained from relevant authorities in Diyala Criminal Court. This study is carried out to find out the spatial variation of main and sub patterns of crimes recorded by this court, and to distribute them spatially according to the administrative units of the courts from which these criminal cases are delivered. Moreover, the study is conducted to determine the pattern of that distribution whether it is dense, medium or low according to the province's districts in order to figure out the extent of their increase in some districts and their decrease in other districts for the sake of treating them from a geographical point of view. Consequently, the researcher has submitted a number of conclusions.

The Iraqi narrative criticism has accompanied the intellectual transformations that have emerged on the world stage and the emergence of modernist approaches that are interested in text and language without neglecting the external factors affecting it. The structural formative approach is perhaps one of these approaches, which has attracted the attention of Arab critics.

This research deals with the grammatical boundaries in the books (sentences in grammar) of Ibn Shaqir, Al-Zujaje, and Al-Jarjani, because the boundary is the basis for understanding the term, knowing what it is, and revealing its terms and conditions, and the limits of the authors of sentences are almost abbreviated, and this is consistent with the nature of their abbreviated works, some of which carry the terminology as it is in Ibn Shaqir. The research has highlighted the grammatical boundaries and its section after defining the boundary as language and terminology in two parts:

The cover (external form) represents the story of the first text threshold to read and understand the text; Because they are an open front end in front of the reader to the text of the text of all the aesthetic, ideological, and al-Semalism, although the text explains and protects the semantic focus through a central external address, or through sub-titles There is no no longer a serious form; It has become indicating the formation of the texts and the indicator of the media.

This research is concerned with revealing the areas of creativity and patterns of cultural production, and what the authors develop through their experiences and interactions in terms of visions of the world and social reality, and methods for expressing these visions, and among the most important of these methods, what is associated with the inspiration of the myth in Iraqi fictional writing, which is (symbolic projection) ; Because symbol originates as a language, not only is it characterized by the characteristics of its discourse and the structure of its language, but it can represent a deep vision of what is beyond reality, interrogating the silent about it, penetrating the daily, and navigating the worlds of the absurd, and this research deals with (Myth) as a creative practice and a cultural phenomenon that presents a vision of the world The research began with a theoretical introduction about what the vision is and its structural requirements, in addition to its most prominent symbolic patterns used in the narrative discourse, and then I added five models of the Iraqi short story that target reality and the social and mythological phenomena related to it, as well as the social existence of the author and his community members.

The researcher used the descriptive method. The research sample reached (400) male and female students from Diyala University. They were chosen in a random and proportional manner from (six) scientific and human colleges, from the original community of the current research, by (85) male and female students from scientific colleges, and (315) male and female students from human colleges. The members of the research sample were distributed according to the gender variable by (30) students and (55) students from scientific colleges, (142) students and (173) students from human colleges, and the researcher built a measure of emotional experience based on the theory of emotional experience (Frijda 1988). Validity (face, construct) and reliability were verified by using retest and internal consistency Cronbach. To extract the results of the research, the researcher used a single sample T-test and a binary variance analysis. The research reached several results, the most important of which are: - There are statistically significant difference among university students in emotional experience, as the study showed that there are no statistically significant differences among university students in emotional experience according to the gender variable or specialization and interaction between them.

This study is entitled ((The Poetic Dictionary of the Poets- Writers in the Fifth Century A.H.)), to address the poetic lexicon in the poetry of those elite writers who combined writing and poetry. The dictionary included the study of love words, words of sadness, words of nature, and expressions of place and time.
The study concluded with the knowledge of the comprehension of poetic writers in that era , which was full with in various types of arts and cultures. I say that they comprehend very important vocabulary in the dictionary that expressed their thoughts and emotions towards life and society. As the analytical and descriptive approach was employed by elite of those poets in their poetic writings. This study studies the features of their poetic phrases. It addresses how they employed this approach in a poetic context, that conforms with the unity of the topic. I may have obtained my study material domesticated by a set of opinions expressed in some sources and references.

The Islamic endowments represented an effective civilizational movement that guaranteed the independence of Islamic civil society facilities, whether in the field of education, fatwa, or social security. These endowments have become a source of independence for financing these facilities from the ruling authority, in a way that guarantees the continuity and stability of these facilities. Its role is highlighted as a symbiotic social system that is based on the noble principles, values and morals that Islam came and urged. It looks at the members of society who come under its shadow with a view of interdependence and concern for their well-being and the requirements of their lives regardless of personal considerations and interests. It inculcates solidarity and sympathy with others, even if there is no previous knowledge or personal relationship between them, and it embodies the relationship of the members of society with each other in the form of the relationship of the members of one body with one another. The role of the endowment was not limited to aspects of civil life such as education, health and social security, but rather to expenditures in the fields of security and defense, given that the security of Muslims was a necessary necessity to ensure the stability of Islamic societies. There are a lot of real estate and agricultural lands that spend their returns on the Mujahidin for the sake of God, and to dismantle the families of their families, and to rebuild castles, fortified towers and walls around cities and villages to protect them from any external attacks. On the economic side, the importance of habas lies as an economic method that provides for the distribution of wealth and the achievement of social justice.

Algerian economy suffered many crises as a result of dependence on one sector of production. Oil was the first product of about 90% of exports. This sector suffered from the 1968 and the drop in oil prizes. This negatively affected the Algerian economy. Algeria could not afford this crisis. It presented many programs to overcome the crisis. However, those projects did not achieve comprehensive reforms. Their solutions were partial in trying to control the economic crisis. The reforms were many programs that aim to make an economic stability in Algeria.

The dispute continued within Iraqi Kurdistan between the Kurdish forces, namely the Kurdistan Democratic Party and the Patriotic Union of Kurdistan. Despite, the desire of the United States of America to end the fighting between those powers, which prompted it to intervene for the first time, to end the political and diplomatic level through senior officials in the US State Department. In an internal controversial issue concerning the Kurds in Iraq. As a result, the Kurdish-Kurdish fighting, which lasted between the years (1994-1998), was stopped. With the signing by Jalal Talabani and Masoud Barzani of the document concluding peace between them in Washington, which was known as the "Washington Agreement" on September 17, 1998, and the formation of a supreme committee to coordinate in order to establish a unified government on the basis of the 1992 elections. And to start doing this a year after signing the agreement , by conducting new elections with the participation of all parties in Iraqi Kurdistan. However, this did not end the state of disagreement and the Kurdish division inside Kurdistan. Rather, the US administration’s desire to form a unified government and settle financial and security differences between the two major parties has not been fulfilled. As a result of the rooted political, administrative and security differences between them.

The current research aims to identify Social – Undermining for primary school teachers, statistical differences at the level of social-undermining among primary school teachers according to gender variable (male and female). To achieve the objectives of the research, the researchers adopted the measurement of (Al-Attawe and et.al, 2017) for social-undermining prepared according to the theory of (Duffy and et.al, 2002). The scale was applied to the research sample, which consisted of (400) male and female teachers from the Directorate of Education on the outskirts of eastern Baghdad, after they were chosen by the stratified random method, and determining the number of male and female teachers proportionately.

The invasions and the war companies had a prominent role in defending the Islamic religion at times and spreading it among the countries at other times, and for this reason, the Companions were competing to participate in these conquests and companies, and among these companions, (the Companions about whom the Qur’an was revealed). They had a prominent role in (42) companies among the group of companies. Many of them were leaders of these companies. Our study of this research is to mention the companies in which these companions participated and their most prominent roles, taking into account the historical sequence of these companies. It is preceded by an introduction, and the research is followed by a conclusion in which we mentioned the most important results that we have reached in this research.

The current research aims at the level of effective dialogue among university students, indicating the statistical differences in effective dialogue among university students according to the gender and specialization variable. The sample of the study consisted of (400) male and female students from Diyala University, who were chosen by the stratified random method. To achieve the objectives of the research, a measure of the effective dialogue was built according to the theory (Daniel Yankelevich). The scale consists of (27) items, then verifying the apparent honesty and validity of the building and verifying its stability The coefficient of stability was (0.73) by the Cronbach Alpha method and by the retest method (0.73), and using statistical means (arithmetic mean, standard deviation, Pearson correlation coefficient, T- test for the significance of the differences between two independent samples, the Spearman Brown equation, the Alpha Cronbach equation, the standard deviation). The following results were reached: The research sample has an effective dialogue compared to the hypothetical medium of the scale, there are no statistically significant differences according to the variable of specialization, while there are differences in the effective dialogue depending on the gender variable and in favor of females.

(The present study aims at investigating The Effect of a Guidance Program with Rational - Emotional Approach on the development of Self-determination among Preparatory School Students)

The paper aims to study commercial use in Al-Muqdadiya city as one of the most significant and prominent uses of the city land. The area of Al-Muqdadiya city is (1800) hectares commercial use occupies (4.7) hectares with a ratio of (0.26%) of the total area of the city. In the course of the study, it is found that commercial use spreads randomly and unregularly lacking a lot of norms and standards. Moreover, a sort of specialization in commercial patterns has emerged; the first commercial street has specialized in ready-to-wear clothes, luxuries and perfumesshops; the second commercial street with furniture stores; whereas the third street with wholesale and ceramic shops. In addition, the secondary commercial area was specialized with ready-to-wear clothes, accessories and jewelry shops, along with services.

Various calls sought to held an international conference to focus on biodiversity. Therefore, the United Nations program for Ecology called in 1988 for the necessity to held an international treaty on biodiversity. In 1989, a specialized team began working on the preparation of the Convention and this team continued its work. It was called the Intergovernmental Negotiating Committee, and its adoption was announced in 1992 at the Nairobi Conference.

Bankruptcy and the legal rulings related to it have contributed to its details in the books of jurisprudence in its economic aspects. The jurists have defined it with multiple definitions, but they are close in meaning. It means the ruling of the ruler by showing the debtor’s condition, i.e. declaring him bankrupt, and then ruling him to take off his money to his debtors after he became incapable. About spending what he needed, and because of the importance of this topic and its related effects in the life of society and the accompanying historical events, our early scholars, including Ibn al-Mundhir al-Nisaburi (d. 318 AH) wrote about it in order to clarify its features and limits. Hence the importance of our study of the title of research in his book Al-Iqna’ to clarify these issues. Aspects, tabulation and discussion.

Interest in social issues is increasing, and this is what geographic studies have created to research social aspects in all their aspects. This research is part of the studies that deal with the social reality by studying the social life indicators of the residents of the city of Hebba through researching indicators of illiteracy, housing need, customs and traditions, in addition to the social status of members of society. Urban and then dividing the city into three levels according to each indicator and the level of its neighborhoods to determine ways to improve its reality, as the upgrading of the educational and marital status has significant effects on the level of the individual's social life and increase his production and thus the level of social stability, as this research deals with social indicators in a city Hebahab and its relationship to urban life indicators, and among these indicators are those that are directly related, and some are inversely related.

The study of child labor gives important indications in the developmental and economic trends, as it is an important issue in the field of evaluating the state’s activity in combating poverty and deprivation and reducing it, and it is clear through the study that there is a spatial discrepancy in the distribution of the sample of child labor among the urban centers of Diyala Governorate according to the qualitative composition and age, and this is related to the size of economic activities, the size of the markets and the purchasing power of the population. The research indicators have given the presence of large numbers of poor and deprived families who pushed their children to the labor market as a result of poverty and the need to provide the family’s life necessities. This realistic problem must be addressed to alleviate the suffering of families.

The study area suffers from the occurrence of water erosions in most of its areas as a result of heavy rains and water resulting from them, which leads to the dredging of large amounts of soil and gravel deposits which are then transferred to streams and tributaries of valleys and to the flood plain at the mouths of basins in the region.

This research aims to measure the psychological Senility of students who have lost parents in the preparatory stage, Where the researcher built a measure of psychological Senility, which consists of (38) paragraphs position finalized and three alternatives after it was presented to a group of experts in education and psychology, Extraction of psychometric properties of the scale (Validity-Reliability), Received the test in a test repetition (0,86) and (0,81) in the east of the fur kronbach, was applied to a sample of (400) students, the statistical methods used in the current research is (T-test for one sample, Pearson correlation coefficient, Vakrnbach) to reach the desired results in the research procedures, The researcher concluded that the students who lost the parents in the preparatory stage have psychological Senility, and I got to know this by applying the T-test to one sample, In the light of the results, the researcher made a number of recommendations and suggestions.

The French policy was characterized by a lot of oppression towards the Senegalese people, which resulted in many internal political, economic and social events, since France declared protection over it in 1904, when Senegal became one of the pillars of France in the West African region that worked to exploit the capabilities of its population by establishing A political, economic and social system that emulates the French interests. It established a political system far from the tribal spirit prevailing among the colony’s inhabitants, relying on military force and sought to break up the tribal system and impose a political system that calls for the French general ruler. Cash crops, in addition, France sought to spread Christianity, the culture and the French language by establishing an educational and health system sponsored by the French missionary societies, which strived to exploit the provision of these services to achieve their goals.

This research aims to clarify the concept of normative , and to clarify the synonyms for the concept of normative , the normative approach , and its characteristics in the grammatical heritage , and apply a standard study of the subject as a model , and to address the norm : raising the subject , the multiplicity of the actor , the feminization of the subject , the deletion of the subject , and presenting the subject to his verb , study Analytical descriptive .

Abctract
Deuteronomy is the evidence of two verbally concordant meaning and an increase at the end followed by broken nouns favorable to abstraction and kindness to him without a differenceinmeaning.
This is the limit of Deuteronomy among Arab scholars, but when Ibn Hisham Almothana ((what indicates two increase valid for abstraction, and that as (two men), it indicates a man, and a man, an increase of a thousand and noon, which is valid for stripping them.
The study of Muthanna is manifested in two aspects; some of which relate to the grammatical aspect and how to express it, and the signs of expressions, including those related to the morphological aspect, and how to flex the words, and the change that occurs. Deuteronomy of some of the words Morphological topics when Ibn Hisham Al-Ansari was the first topic Deuteronomy Deuteronomy and both and both between Deuteronomy and plural and the second plural, which is the collection of the collection and Farzdaq collection and plural

This research aims to identify “The Impact of Modern Technologies in the Achievement of Fifth Grade Literary Students in the Material of Literature and Texts”. The experimental method was chosen as a curriculum for study to achieve the aims and the Center of Governorate of Diyala was the place to conducted the study and the students at High and Secondary Schools were chosen as the community research. The sample was fifth grade literary students at Dhirar Bin Al-Azwar Preparatory School in center of Baqubah city for the academic year 2019-2020. The sample was chosen randomly and concluded two groups the first was (35 students) representing the experimental group, the second group (32 students) representing the control group. The students that failed in previous year were excluded from the sample and the final sample for the experimental group became (29 students) and for the control group (27 students), and the sample in its final form was (56 students). Equality has been done in the achievement of previous year and chronical age for the students and achievement test was chosen for the research tool. The researcher at the end of the experiment used appropriate statistical tools for the study. The researcher concluded that there is difference for the favour of the experimental group. According to the findings the researcher gave a group of recommendations and suggestions in the research.

The current research aims to identify the impact of the constructivist Yakr model on the achievement of first-grade students in average social studies) and to verify the goal of the research, the researcher formulated the following null hypothesis: They study the social subject according to the constructivist Yaker model, and the average achievement scores of the control group students who study the same subject according to the traditional method of achievement test. The researcher chose the experimental design (with partial control), representing the research community of government secondary and middle school students in the district of Baquba, the center of Diyala governorate. The experiment was applied in the second semester of the academic year (2019-2020 AD), as the actual teaching started on Sunday (16/2/2020 AD) and ended on Thursday (16/4/2020 AD), with a duration of (8) weeks and an amount of Three lessons per week for each group. The researcher used the appropriate statistical methods. The results showed that the students of the experimental group who studied according to Yakr’s constructivist model were superior to the students of the control group who studied according to the traditional method in the post-achievement test. Through the results of the research, the researcher concluded a set of conclusions, including:-

Political poetry is one of the most important new poetic contents in the Umayyad era. This is certainly due to the importance of the role of Islam and its effect in its formation. Because the source of this poetry was the basis of those Islamic parties that spread in the aforementioned era. From this standpoint, the researcher proceeded - as much as possible - to reveal the impact of this new content on Oriental studies, which was not considered by Arab researchers before. This study contributed to unveiling critical and literary opinions in the minds of some orientalists and then discussing them, hence the need for such a study.

الحشو هو عبارة صحيحة لكل موقف .في هذه الحالة فان المرء يقول نفس الشيء مرتين الا ان عبارته غير غنية بالمعلومات في حد ذاتها لكنها تصبح ذات مغزى ضمن السياق ,مثل "الحرب هي الحرب". تهدف الدراسة الى التحقق من ظاهرة الحشو والاطناب النحوي في البرامج الحوارية , وتحاول هذه الدراسة معرفة ما اذا كانت تلك التراكيب النحوية يتم تداولها في البرامج الحوارية كونها احد أنواع نصوص الخطاب ,كما ويهدف البحث التعرف على النوع الأبرز ,سيما و ان التحليل ستند الى انموذج (وارد و هيرشبيرغ1991) و(اوتينريث 1997) لتراكيب التعبيرات الاطنابية .جاءت نتيجة الدراسة بان تلك التراكيب تستعمل في البرامج وان صيغة المعادلة هي النوع الأكثر شيوعا.