Journal of The Iraqi University

Abstract
Interest in Islamic heritage is one of the first tasks of researchers and investigator concerned in science of heritage specially – interpretation- The scholars in the past fulfill this science with books and provide Islamic library by thousands of Tafseer (interpretation) books , Shrooh ( discussions ) , Hawashy (annotations )and they became famous .Thus I have to follow the scholars and introduce part of this heritage to the public after it was locked in libraries .I see that one of the most important scalars books are the great scholars' books who occupied the hearts and minds of the researchers .The most notably who was shining star in the sky of thirteenth century of Hijra is Shikh Alameer (Mohammed Bin Mohammed Bin Ahmed Alsinbawi Al-Maliky Al-Azhary ,dead 1232 H ) .After research in the books of Alameer Alkabeer I find an important interpretation for Mu'awwidhatayn .As these two Sura have an effect on Moslem 's life in live and other world and as they have mind , moral and material effect , their treasures , secrets and wisdoms which occupy the minds of interpreters I obtain the texts of the book and started to review it and complete it after depending on Allah and thank Allah .

Abstract:
The Lessons and significance learned from the Qur’anic discourse and behavioral and ethical values, and calls for us to take them as an approach to life:
- Not attributing the calamities that afflict a person to God Almighty, but adding them to the soul, and attribution of goodness alone is to him "Blessed and exalted".
- The attribution of knowledge to the Allah (Almighty) , including what the Almighty said on the tongue of Hood (peace be upon him): ((He said: "The Knowledge (of when it will come) is only with Allah: I proclaim to you the mission on which I have been sent: But I see that ye are a people in ignorance!")) Al-Ahqaf-23.
- Denial of the act by showing knowledge, and from it the Almighty saying on the tongue of Jesus (peace be upon him): ((Had I said such a thing, thou wouldst indeed have known it. Thou knowest what is in my heart, Thou I know not what is in Thine. For Thou knowest in full all that is hidden)) Al-Maeda- 116. He did not deny the saying. There is a difference between the two answers in the truth of literature.
- Not asking God Almighty about what He specializes in His knowledge. And from it, the Almighty said: ((They ask thee about the (final) Hour - when will be its appointed time? Say: "The knowledge thereof is with my Lord ")) Al-Araf – 187.
- Thanks for the blessing of science. And from it, the Almighty said: ((We gave (in the past) knowledge to David and Solomon: And they both said: "Praise be to Allah, Who has favoured us above many of his servants who believe!")) An-Naml- 15 .
This, in its entirety, is an invitation to us to comply the literature of the discourse, to be inspired by it, and to be a leader for us as the Good of a nation that gave to people, That lofty position that the Lord "Almighty" chose among the nations.
Praise be to God, who by His grace is being good.

Abstract
This study dealt with behavioral deviation, its causes and treatment in the light of the Qur’anic story, and the study clarified the concept of deviation and its types. And also the treatment of psychological and innate causes and finally the treatment of behavioral causes, then the study mentioned the most important results and the most prominent recommendations.
key words Deviation - behavior - causes - treatment - Quranic story - social reasons - psychological reasons - behavioral reasons.

Abstract
In this study, I dealt with the spiritual treatment in the Noble Qur’an and the Sunnah of the Prophet, and the spiritual treatment in the Qur’an is a fixed matter in the Shari’a. The Qur'an is the greatest medicine. The Messenger, may God’s prayers and peace be upon him, said ((the best medicine is the Qur’an)), and the Messenger of God, may God’s prayers and peace be upon him, gave good tidings to those who adhered to this Qur’an and acted according to it that he would never perish and never go astray. He, peace and blessings be upon him, said: “Rejoice, for one end of this Qur’an is in the hands of God, and the other end is in your hands, so hold fast to it, and you will not perish, and you will never go astray after it.” There is no ailment of the hearts and bodies except that in the Qur’an there is a way to indicate its medicine, its cause and protection from it, for those whom God has endowed with understanding in His Book. Through a series of practical studies, it emphasized the use of the Holy Qur’an in treating several diseases and various psychological problems such as anxiety, fear, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and so on. And the results in 80% of cases exceeded the results of psychological treatment using Western methods and schools.

Research Summary
The influence of good initiatives according to the holy Quran The definition of the word initiative is taking the first step, undertaking or lead.And the initiative that has been addressed in this research, is the one that brings you closer to Allah. Which a pious person can achieve through out good deeds.
The motivation for taking the initiative to become a better person and get closer to God, is to become happy in this life and thereafter.
Key words; initiative, praying for forgiveness, faith, repentance, prayers answering.

Research Summary
Our Islamic law desired and urged marriage, so God Almighty made it lawful for this nation and made love and mercy between the spouses. This is the best way to live, but there may be a dispute between the spouses and the woman will become defiant, and among the provisions laid down by Sharia is that if the husband touches his wife with disobedience, he has the right to discipline her with exhortation, then desertion, then beating, and since beating is more harmful between spouses and a cause of separation between them and its spread recently and transgression. In it, some husbands are ignorant of the meaning of beating, which is permitted by Sharia, because if the woman is published, then Sharia and if it permits her victim, it has established controls that must be followed with the wife when she is in disobedience .

Research Summary
Orientalism began with the study of the Arabic language and Islam, and ended - after the western colonial expansion in the East - to study all the religions, customs, civilization, traditions and most famous languages of the East, although the concern for Islam, Arab literature, and Islamic civilization is the most important thing that Orientalists care about, and all these efforts The great effort they made was only to achieve clear and specific goals they wanted to implement in Muslim countries, so it was necessary to study the books they wrote.key words :Orientalism - Religion - Doctrines - Suspicion - Models

Abstract
One of the modern issues that have arisen and have taken up space in our lives is the issue of electronic games, and the accompanying matters that need to be explained by the rule of the street in them. These games are no longer mere entertainment for a wide segment of people, but rather go beyond that to selling these games or electronic links to these games and trading in them. This is one of the modern contemporary jurisprudence issues that need to be clarified.
Opening words: games, links, trading, judgment, cases.

Research summary
This is an inductive and applied research related to the issue of the change in Shari’ah rulings from a Maqasid perspective, The concept of "changing the rulings" becomes clear. It reveals the features of rulnings which accept change and determine their domains and fields through observing and studying a multitude of Maqasid bases. They are selected from various aspects of the science of Maqasid, which have their own effects in determining the requirements, paths, and regulations of “the change of ruligs” in a manner consistent with the actions and aims of the Legislator.

Summary
The Prophetic Sunnah reported about the signs of the Hour, which speak of periods of time that afflict the nation of adversity, adversity and temptation. This includes the reversal of some moral and social scales, such as believing the liar, betraying the trustworthy, and telling them a revelation from God, and it carries with it the means of dealing with these temptations and adversities and how to reduce their danger and raise children The nation should not fall into its trap, that noble moral values should prevail in their dealings, and that they should not be deceived by the misleading calls of the media
opening words. The year is a revolution in moral scales

Abstract:
It appeared in the fourth century AH, and it originated on the Hanafi school of jurisprudence and theology. The origin of Abu Hanifa (may God have mercy on him, the original Abu Hanifa), which is the combination of hadith and proof), was a group of rational and verbal reasoning and evidence in the arguments of his opponents, and there is a verbal and real difference in some between them and the Ash’aris.

Abstract:-
Our country has recently been suffering from the phenomenon of domestic violence, especially against children, one of the main causes of which is the lack of Attention to the mental health of parents, and most of the parents who abused their children were suffering from a bad childhood that led to its reflection on their children Mental health in its broad sense is guiding individuals to understand their lives and overcome their problems So that they can live to achieve their mission as individuals compatible with society Mental health standards are determined by stress The difficulties facing society, as well as the absence of a sense of security of Economic and social domestic violence against children is a major reason for building delinquent people in their behavior and represent a danger to society And in the same Time is a danger to themselves, so mental health is an important and dangerous disease that must be treated for its connection The existence of man and his reality There are many reasons for this behavior (violence against children)Including psychological problems that will effect to one of the parents And it reflects negatively on the child and affects his behavior in the future. The aim of the research is to study the most important causes leading to the spread of mental illness in Iraqi society Does the mental health of the parents have a direct impact on violence against the child through an applied study A sample from the community the size of 30 psychiatric patients from Ibn Rushed Hospital for Psychiatric Treatment The questionnaire method was used to collect data and it was analyzed using the statistical (spss) application Using the chi-square test (????2) , where the chi-square distribution is used in addition to the variance test for the population In tests of quality of congruence, independence, homogeneity and other tests that are used when the available data from the sample are in the form of repetitions of certain values or characteristics. The problems in a phenomenon such as the phenomenon of domestic violence against children make it necessary for researchers to use more than one method to solve these problems (analytical method, statistical method) One of these problems that were analyzed through the study are:-
1- Knowing the main reasons that lead to the recently violence of the child, and whether these cases are treated by referring to the mental health of the parents as one of the main reasons for this .
2- Detecting the nature of the link between mental health and domestic violence against children .
The research, through the use of the chi-square test (????2) , was able to prove the following hypothesis and
Reach its validity.
H0: The mental health of the parents has no effect on the use of violence against the child within the family
H1: The mental health of parents affects to the use of violence against the child within the family

Abstract
This research is an attempt to reveal the nature of writing and the first beginnings in the critical and rhetorical heritage of the Arabs and to consider its pillars and divisions and how to employ writing styles in modern Arabic poetry and fields of employment, which reveals the poets' attitudes towards life, man and the universe . Keywords: metonymy, essence, foundation, applications

Abstract
The Arabs, before and after Islam, did not need to set rules and provisions that correct their tongue, so they were late in developing linguistic investigations from other nations at this time. Then when Islam appeared and spread in the horizons and the tongues mixed and the melody began to appear from non-Arabs, a number of linguists set out to classify literature and linguistic investigations to correct the crooked tongues of non-Arabs in Arabic and correct the errors that had spread. As did Abu al-Aswad al-Du’ali, Sibawayh, al-Khalil and other imams of the language. This research briefly lists this early period of Arabic linguistic investigations, its origins and its main stages.
Keywords: linguistic investigations - linguistic studies - fundamentalists - linguists

Life is based on balance, contrast and contradiction. Human thought depends in its activities on contradictions and dialogue of opposite borders, and a large part of intellectual activity is due to the combination of a thing and its opposite, based on the principle (that everything in existence carries with it its opposite). Love is a sublime instinct, hate and hate are present before us, and life and death are both ends of the equation of existence, light and darkness, white and black, nearness and distance.
All of these manifestations swim in the universe, attract and repel each other, giving existence importance The research monitors the phenomenon of dualities in the poetry of Katheer Azza, and it came in three axes: the antithesis of conformity, the antithesis of negation and the antithesis of color, preceded by an introduction and followed by a conclusion. Opposite-dualities-in-the-poetry-of-kuthaire Azzah

Abstract:
Our venerable scholars realized the great importance of the Arabic language, as God Almighty chose it as the language of the Holy Qur’an, so they rose to protect it from melody and extinction and sought to establish the rules of this language according to the methods and principles they followed in laying the scientific foundations that preserve the Arabic system, especially the science of grammar, which was at the forefront In the light of that, two ancient schools emerged, namely the schools of Basra and Kufa in Iraq, the center of human civilization. Each school at that time had its own curriculum, scholars, and its distinctive mark, as well as the differences in grammatical opinions between the scholars of the two schools, which attracted the attention of scholars, ancient and modern. The research aims to shed light on these two schools, and the reasons for the emergence of the grammatical dispute between them, while presenting a model on the nature of the grammatical dispute between the two schools represented in the issue of the two teams’ disagreement about ( raising the subject and the predicate ).
Keywords:) grammar, grammatical dispute, Basra school, Kufa school, subject and predicate(.

Summary:
The study of Arabic is a field in which minds and ideas compete because of its abundant material in many arts, and morphology is one of the arts that have received the attention of the authors of (Nozha al-Talfa) books, due to the prestigious position that morphology enjoys, and because of its importance in safeguarding the tongue from falling into error. .
Since the importance of morphology was no less important than the rest of the Arabic sciences, I thought that I should compile a scientific approach to this art.
And since the science of morphology discusses the study of passive verbs and the able nouns, and Al-Danqzi, may God have mercy on him, had confined himself to mentioning the study of verbs because the origin is on the dominant side in this field, I added to it the study of nouns and what is attached to them, indeed, and some important premises related to morphological provisions in order to complete the interest with a statement and clarification of some strange vocabulary.
The semantic research is one of the most important and important investigations that had a good effect in our language, and that delving into this topic is not new, but has roots “rooted” in our Arab heritage, as well as among scholars in the field of the Arabic language with their various sects and sects, and through their attraction to this topic. They agreed on matters and differed on others, as they relied on the words of God, the Exalted, the Majestic, the honorable Prophetic Sunnah, and what was mentioned in some of the poems of the ancient Arabs, as they took from that testimony and credibility in their sayings.

Summary in English
The research is one of the chapters on the meanings letters, and it is the chapter on letters and the letter baa as a model, as it showed that the real meaning of the letter ba is to stick and adhesion is the attachment of the thing to the thing and its delivery. It has to do with the fact that there is an objective character there is an objective relationship there is a relationship with this case to search for products for compensation and participate in the service Correspondence, including arrogance, and meaning (on) and oath, and that the letter ba has a connotation and impact on the difference of jurists in some jurisprudential issues. Given the direct relationship between the letters of meanings, including the letter ba, and the deduction of rulings from the legal texts, the differences of jurists in the meaning of the ba’ led to their difference in Some of the jurisprudential issues, some of them said that it comes with the meaning of “abadid” and some of them said that it is for sticking, as in the issue of wiping the head, and the issue of permission every time for one who said to his wife (if you go out without my permission, then you Divorce (the estimation is (I do not come out except with an exit attached to my permission). The repetition is deduced from the meaning of the ba’, and as in the sales contract, if there is cash in the contract or the two considerations are cash, then the price is what the ba’ is attached to, and the appraiser is what corresponds to it, and the price is distinguished from the appraiser by entering the ba’ on it. If he says, “I sold such-and-such,” then the one who entered into the ba’ is the price, and the prepositions have meanings in themselves, and if they are aggregates that differ from one use to another, then it is the meanings of (from) for example, starting the end and it is for substitution, contiguousness, ending, reasoning, separation, approval and substitution, and it is not clear the meaning of it except by using it in The sentence and that it has multiple meanings for each letter according to its use and is understood from the context in the sound of the Arabic people. And that prepositions are not independent of the intelligibility, meaning the intelligibility of the meaning from them, they denote the meaning In others, not in themselves, and there is no lesson for those who suffice in each letter with a single meaning for it, while its meaning is different and multiple, and the prepositions were called with this name because they drag the meaning of the verb and its likeness to the next, or that they perform the action of preposition, as some letters are named with assertive letters and accusative letters. And the phrase is the Basrians, but the Kufics express it with the khu

Abstract:
The singular or the word (not) is one of the words that provoked a dispute between some grammarians in its structure, function and location. In my research this (disagreement in not a grammatical study) the study was divided into three sections: The first topic: I talked about (the structure of Les) in terms of its origin and derivation, and the second topic: I talked about (the conditions of its coming) the multiplicity of its conditions, and the third topic, I searched for Its news, conditions and provisions are mentioned in the Holy Qur’an.Key words: (Study not in Arabic gramma)

Abstract:
The digital developments came to meet the information needs of the beneficiaries, and the research aimed to clarify the reality of the General Secretariat of the Central Library at the University of Fallujah and what it has reached in the field of digital transformation, and to clarify the most prominent challenges of digital transformation, and to seek appropriate solutions to overcome the challenges and obstacles of digital transformation since the establishment of the library until the preparation of the study in 2020. The research adopted the intentional sampling, and the descriptive approach was used to reach the research objectives. The research reached several results, the most important of which are: the central library suffers from the absence of a clear policy and this constitutes an obstacle to the transition to the digital environment, and the central library’s lack of financial allocations, and its need for an additional number of workers, as well as the absence of information sources that meet the knowledge needs of beneficiaries, and the lack of the hardware and software through which it is possible to switch to the digital environment. The research recommended: Adopting a special policy for the General Secretariat of the Central Library, in which it shows the library’s objectives, its policy in providing information sources, determining annual financial allocations according to the needs of the central library, increasing the number of employees, and rebuilding the library’s collection in the library according to scientific methods and moving away from traditional jurisprudence and previous methods, as well as providing hardware and software that can support and accomplish the transition to the digital environment. Keywords: university libraries, digital environment, automated systems

Abstract:
The deposit is one of the means of guarantee in buying and selling, It is a guarantee of the performance of the contract and a means of reversing it. The deposit is calculated from the price if the contract is concluded, and it is the right of the seller if the buyer abandons the purchase, and if the violator is the seller, he must return the full deposit to the one who paid it. The deposit is in the interest of the buyer because he has the option to return the commodity when paying the deposit, while if he did not pay it, he would have to sell it. Keywords: deposit - guarantees - sale - purchase - commodity.

Research Summary
In this study, I dealt with the childhood rights that were supposed to be enjoyed by those who witnessed the incident of children, and we compare them with what has been approved by modern covenants, in order to reach in the end a vision about how the rights of those boys were violated, and their childhood and young age did not excuse them in excluding them from harm. The killing and displacement of their parents, brothers and families.

The summary is in English
Communicating with people is an art, and there are few who excel in it. Therefore, training courses are held for him all over the world, with financial fees and sometimes high prices!! . And it occurs with two things: with knowledge, and the mind, and as much as the deficiency in them is the deficiency in the literature of communication, so the occurrence of the two things is the wisdom that God said about: (The rule is given to whomever he wants and whoever provides the wisdom, then he has given a good thing)
Principles, and controls, of speaking in the invitation

research in English Summary
Language is evolving to keep pace with the developments of each era, as it arises, grows and develops, being a social phenomenon that derives its entity from it, as it develops with the development of society, and declines in its efficiency performance with its decline.
(A fundamental linguistic study to trace the impact of semantic change on judgments).

Abstract
The research tagged (Greek settlement in Quraina and the political relations between the Greeks and the Libyans from 631-440 BC) included an introduction, a preface, three sections, a conclusion and a list of margins and sources. Al-Thairi of this city, while the Greek, Thayra and Libyan novels and legends discussed the founding of this city in the second topic. As for the third topic, it included a study of the political relations between the Greeks and the Libyans and how they were friendly in the beginning and then turned into hostility.
I faced the problem of the lack of sources discussing the Greek settlement of Cyrene, and the fourth book of Herodotus’ book (the Scythian book and the Libyan book), which is the first Arabic translation of the Greek text, was one of the most important sources that had a major role in completing the research and that provided me with accurate information that Herodotus had visited Quraina, as well as the book of the Greeks in Cyrenaica by France Chameau and other sources.

Abstract
This study aims to design a program for guided imagination as an entry point for developing the visual image in the subject matter of drawing. Help to raise the sense and artistic competence of secondary students in private schools in the city of Al-Mansour in Iraq. To design a scale for judging artistic paintings and drawings that require a sense of beauty, using art materials, and making use of them correctly.
The research sample consisted of (122) male and female private secondary school students from Al-Mansour, Iraq, for the academic year (2021-2022). The study sample was randomly selected, with directed imagination program was then applied.The results indicated that the guided imagination program contributes to the development of the students' visualization. Moreover, all the students benefited from the workshop. Therefore, the study recommends expanding the use of this program in teaching art education (drawing) considering the needs of students in private schools in the city of Al-Mansour, Iraq, to improve their ability of imagination and to raise their artistic sense of beauty.
Key words: guided imagination program, drawing, development of the visualization visual, High School Students

Abstract:
The study aimed to identify the effectiveness of blended learning in the skill performance of fourth-grade preparatory students, in the subject of geometric decoration. In order to achieve the goal, two null hypotheses were formulated
- There are no statistically significant differences at the level of significance (0.05) between the grades of the students of the two groups (experimental and control) in assessing skill performance (post).
The results of this research showed the following:
The effectiveness of teaching plans according to the use of (blended education) in acquiring the skills of drawing geometric decoration for the fourth preparatory students - the experimental group. Which had a positive effect to reach the desired results.
Keywords: effectiveness, blended learning, performing skills, geometric decoration

Abstract:
The study aimed to identify the impact and role of cyber psychology in discovering irrational ideas from the point of view of psychologists in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. To achieve the goal of the study, the descriptive analytical method was used by applying a questionnaire consisting of the focus of attention to technology and the role of cyber psychology in discovering irrational thoughts on an intentional sample of 32 expert. The study concluded that the degree of interest in total technology reached an average of (1.95), which is a medium degree with a standard deviation (0.832), and the majority of the sample with a percentage of (46.9%) were those who used the Internet weekly with a number of hours from 16 to 30 hours, followed by 37.5% from 5 to 15 hours per week And 15.6% more than 30 hours per week. As for the role of cyber psychology in discovering irrational thoughts, the average sample responses were (3.81) with significant support and with a total standard deviation of (0.988), and the significance of the ANOVA test was (0.434), which is greater than (0.05). Which indicates that there are no statistically significant differences for the role of cyber psychology in discovering irrational thoughts in terms of gender, as the significant percentage of the ANOVA test was (0.510), which is greater than (0.05), which indicates that there are no statistically significant differences for the role of cyber psychology in Discover irrational thoughts in terms of years of experience. The significance of the ANOVA test was (265.0), which is greater than (0.05), which indicates that there are no statistically significant differences for the role of cyber psychology in discovering irrational ideas in terms of the degree of interest in technology.
Keywords: Cyber psychology - irrational thoughts

Abstract
The current study aimed to identify Concurrent Thinking among a sample of gifted students in secondary school in Jeddah in the light of some demographic variables (gender/study status), and to identify the level of both Concurrent Thinking among the study sample. To achieve the objectives of the study, the Concurrent Thinking Scale prepared by Abdeen (2016) was used. Data were collected from a sample of (404) talented high school students, whose ages ranged between (15-18) years. The most important results were as follows: A high level of Concurrent Thinking among the study sample. And there are Concurrent Thinking differences in Concurrent Thinking according to gender, in favor of females. There are no Concurrent Thinking differences in Concurrent Thinking according to the academic stage variable. In light of these results, a number of recommendations were made, including directing the attention of researchers and those interested in caring for the gifted to conduct many researches related to Concurrent Thinking due to the lack of Arabic studies in this aspect, providing a supportive environment for gifted students to support and stimulate Concurrent Thinking by engaging students in classroom and non-classroom activities In an organized, thoughtful and developed manner, the students develop Concurrent Thinking strategies.
Keywords: Concurrent Thinking - talented students

Research Summary:
The aim of the present research is to review the literature that dealt with the concept of administrative empowerment of women leaders in Saudi universities for the period (2016-2020). The research reached a set of results, the most important of which are; most studies indicated that the level of administrative empowerment of women leaders in Saudi universities during the period covered by the current study was average, and that teamwork ranks first among the dimensions of administrative empowerment of women leaders in Saudi universities.
Keywords: administrative empowerment; women leaders; Saudi universities; literature review; Umm Al Qura University

Abstract: This research aimed to reveal the Obstacles to the Efficiency of Publishing Research in English in the Field of Qur’anic Studies at Saudi Universities. Descriptive method; Due to its relevance to the nature of the research, the results of the research concluded that the views related to the level of obstacles related to the publication of scientific research in the fields of the of Qur’anic Studies at Saudi universities from the point of view of the faculty staffs are large, as the general average was (2.37), and the level of ways to overcome obstacles was Publishing research in the fields of of Qur’anic Studies at Saudi universities from the point of view of the faculty staffs is large, as the general average was (2.75), and A vision has been developed to overcome the obstacles to publishing research in the fields of the of Qur’anic Studies at Saudi universities.
Keywords: Efficiency of Publishing Scientific Research in English, Field of Qur’anic Studies, Saudi Universities.

Summary
Managing and analyzing credit risk in Islamic banks and their types
• The banking industry has made significant progress in the face of technological developments in communication, the globalization of the economy and the liberalization of financial markets. This has led to increased competition among banking institutions and increased risks to their existence and sustainability.
• Credit risk is one of the natural secretions of banking and successful credit risk management means that the Islamic Bank is more efficient in managing investor funds and thus more able to achieve the developmental side of society and to increase its competitiveness.
• The bank, whether traditional or Islamic, plays the role of financial intermediary between the owner of the money and customers who lack such funds to satisfy their needs. However, traditional banks rely on the lending base of the usury benefit system to attract the funds of depositors or when granting financing to investors. The risk ratio is low, while Islamic banks base their activity on the system of co-recruitment of investors' funds and when granting funding to customers on the basis of the system of buy-to-let or end-of-title leave, etc. This means that the Islamic bank is exposed to a high percentage of credit risk. However, the Islamic Bank is exposed to a high degree of risk due to the intensity of the competition and its granting of funding to customers through the Al-Haraba purchase order system and others, but it has ways and tools to control these risks.In this research, we will highlight that God willing the concept of credit risk at the Islamic Bank and how it is managed, described and analyzed.
Keywords: Credit risk, Islamic banks, types, analysis.

Abstract
The process of attracting deposits is considered the main axis on which banks rely in order to continue and maintain their position in a competitive environment, and an important source in bank financing, so bank administrations have a big role in research and attracting the largest number of depositors (customers), and this requires bank departments to pay attention. By studying the marketing environment and identifying the changes that occur in the needs and desires of customers, and in the nature of the services provided. Hence, the topic of the research came to identify the impact of the marketing vigilance of the banking service in attracting deposits, and the aim of the research is to demonstrate the effect of the marketing vigilance of the banking service represented by (environmental scanning, diagnostic capacity, validity and decision-making) and attracting deposits represented by (customer relationship management strategy, distribution strategy) (Location), promotion strategy), as the research was applied in each of the banks (Assyria International, Iraqi Middle East Investment, Business Bay, Iraqi Investment, Babel, Al-Mansour Investment), and the questionnaire was adopted as a main tool for collecting data and information from the sample of (110) Those who are in the position (department manager, department manager, assistant department manager, division official, unit administrator), and the statistical programs (SPSS.18) and (AMOS.24), and the research reached a number of conclusions, the most prominent of which were: The presence of a statistically significant effect of the marketing vigilance variable in attracting deposits to banks, and this gives an indication of the extent of the significant positive impact that the combined dimensions of marketing alertness play in attracting deposits To banks.
Key words: vigilance marketing, environmental scanning, Diagnostic ability, Authority and decision-making, Attracting deposits.

Abstract
The current research seeks to identify the high exchange rate of the dollar against the dinar on poverty in Iraq a descriptive study, and in order to achieve the objectives of the current research, the researcher followed the descriptive approach. The research community was identified by all the specialized professors at the University of Baghdad, College of Administration and Economics, and in order to collect data The researcher designed a questionnaire consisting of (11) items distributed in two areas, the first on the exchange rate and the second on poverty, and the psychometric characteristics necessary for the questionnaire were extracted and applied to a sample of specialists amounting to (150) professors. The research reached the following results:
1. The Central Bank of Iraq bears the greatest responsibility for the fluctuation and rise of the Iraqi exchange rate
2. The Ministry of Finance needs a set of laws that legally frame its work and policy
3. The middle class (employees category) is expected to fall within the poverty line
4. Significant increase in the poverty rate in Iraq during the next three years, based on the increase in the exchange rate.

Abstract
This research will study the impact of the climatic conditions in the province of Governorate of Wasit on human heat comfort. To illustrate the most influential elements on the human climatic comfort. Some factors were applied to measure the thermal comfort, including the presumption affecting the heat temperature, the presumption of wind, and the outline of Singer for the purpose of access to determine the levels of comfort in the study area. As it indicated by the evidence relied on this research to determine the best months thermally comfortable for humans and to determine the months that will be uncomfortable during the day and the night and the whole day to give more realistic result of the thermal comfort in the province of Governorate of Wasit.
The study concluded that each of the months (April and October) are ideal for the convenience of the human comfort among the rest of the months of the year in most of the evidence used in the province of Al- Najaf . The proportion ranged comfortable months in this study was between (16 - 58. %) of the months of the year. While the discomfort months was ranged between (42-84%).
Keywords: Wasit Governorate, climatic elements, temperature and humidity, human comfort.

Abstract
The current research seeks to identify the pollution of the waters of the Tigris River and its relationship to diarrhea among children in the province of Baghdad (a survey study). In Baghdad universities for the academic year 2021-2022, as for the current research sample, it was (100) individuals who were selected according to a set of demographic criteria. The questionnaire and its statistical characteristics were applied to the current research sample. The study reached a set of results:
1. Neighboring countries have contributed to the poor waters of Iraq, especially the Tigris River, through the dumping of waste. In this regard, it is necessary to point out the negative effects that irrigation projects in neighboring countries, especially Turkey and Iran, leave on the Tigris River water, in addition to the decrease in river levels due to these projects. In a way that is leaving catastrophic effects on the environment, green spaces, agriculture and livestock, and consequently on the human being in Iraq.
2. Private and public factories and laboratories, as well as government and private hospitals, have contributed to the pollution of the Tigris River as a result of their neglect in throwing toxic and dangerous medical and chemical waste, as well as the lack of monitoring and follow-up by the competent authorities.
3. The sewage water must be treated away from the waters of the Tigris River. The Tigris has turned into a sewage dump, not to mention the bodies of the dead in it, and the ruins of hundreds of destroyed houses that covered the banks of the river.
4. The Islamic State has polluted the river’s water after it extended an oil pipeline to the bank of the Tigris River near the Qayyarah oil refinery and opened it. This refinery is located in an area of the same name south of Mosul, the center of Nineveh Governorate

5. The spread of water-borne diseases has become clear as a result of the high rates of failure in the tested biological, chemical and physical samples. Medical reports have revealed a noticeable increase in the rates of diseases caused by pollution such as typhoid, cholera, kidney failure and diarrhea in children.
6. Baghdad hospitals receive hundreds of sick cases every day resulting from water pollution, such as poisoning and diarrhea for children, kidney and urinary tract diseases for adults, and some cases require treatment from a specialist doctor as well as hospital care, and some require surgical intervention. Hospitals in Baghdad register five Every day, on average, deaths are due to acute diarrhea caused by contaminated water.Key words: Pollution , Tigris River water, diarrhea , children

Conclusion:
By studying the rebellion of Ali bin Muhammad in southern Iraq, we concluded the following:
Ignorance, poverty and injustice are the most dangerous things that nations face, as they are like a dormant volcano waiting for the right opportunity to erupt to destroy everything.The Zanj in southern Iraq suffered miserable conditions of poverty, poverty, enslavement and an inferior view of society, all of which encouraged Ali bin Muhammad to exploit them to achieve his goals in reaching the hierarchy of power.
The rebellion of the Zanj leader did not involve a clear program that would guarantee him survival and continuity, as he believed in the principles of the Azeri Kharijites, and this sparked the indignation of the free against him and not dealing with him, as he went out of religion by claiming prophethood and violating the divine attributes, as well as following a policy of revenge, not reform. And the social revolution, not the calendar, so killing, captivity, burning, looting and looting was a feature of this rebellion.
The Abbasid Caliphate suffered great losses as a result of this rebellion, which lasted for fifteen years (255-270 A.H.), which destroyed agricultural lands, disrupted trade, ruined cities, killed thousands, and imprisoned free women, and weakened the state, which encouraged separatist movements to overthrow the Abbasid Caliphate.

Abstract
Empirical data can be of benefit for translation instructors and students of translation. This paper tries to bridge the gap between theory and practice in translation pedagogy. It shows how an error analysis can be of benefit in teaching translation. The research draws on Barik’s error analysis theoretical model in analyzing errors in Simultaneous Interpreting (SI). The paper analyses a corpus of Arabic SI by Al-Arabiya TV channel interpreter for one of President Obama’s speeches. The study argues that adopting Barik’s model in assessing students work and making them aware of SI errors, in advance, can make students aware of the challenges in the market. The paper finds that most of the errors committed in SI stem from “elaboration addition” made by the interpreter which could affect the production and flow of speech of interpreters. The study discovers also that the second most committed errors come from “gross phrasing change” type which raises a red flag about trying to ponder the speech and not trying to keep up with the speaker. Keywords: Translation, pedagogy, teaching, interpreting, error analysis

ABSTRACT
This study seeks to present a critical discourse analysis (CDA) of the abuse of power in the Iraqi parliamentary elections. In particular, it aims to investigate the control of more powerful Iraqi parties on public discourse and highlight the influence of discourse on the mind and actions of less powerful people. The analysis draws upon two newspaper articles, one from US-New York Times newspaper, and the other from the British _Guardian newspaper. The analysis framework was based on Van Dijk's (2004) strategies. The analysis shows that particular discursive strategies were used by journalists in covering the Iraqi election issue to serve fundamental goals and their hegemonic ideology.
Keywords: the abuse of power, critical discourse analysis (CDA), Van Dijk's (2004) strategies

Abstract
The research deals with the frightening events and experiences in the two novels, Frankenstein by Mary Shelley, and Stephen King's Pet Sematary (Cemetery), to examine the similarities and differences of events, but with a different time frame, and the reasons that prompted both writers to write a frightening story inspired by imagination, visions and nightmares focus on what is known as the tragic flaw, resurrecting the dead and playing The role of the gods and crossing the red lines to revolve events in a frightening framework with anticipation, apprehension and a tragic end. It harmonizes with the personal lives and experiences of Shelley and King on the one hand and with the elements and characteristics of Gothic literature in two different centuries. Keywords: Gothic genre, Resurrection, Frankenstein and religious doctrine.

Abstract
The paper offers insight into Daniel Benjamin's 2008 novel "Goat Days" and Elif Shafak's 2011 novel "Honor." The study examines postcolonial theory as an intellectual framework, based on the perspectives of notable theorists such as Gayatri Spivak and Homi Bhaba. The study focuses on key terms in postcolonial theory, such as sublaternity, unhomeliness, and identity, providing a brief description of each. Spivak's concept of subalternity is applied to both works, demonstrating that the characters in both novels are social minorities who have been denied basic rights in their respective societies. Seeking a better life and a brighter future for their families, they immigrated to more developed cultures. They encounter several challenges, the most significant of which is assimilating into the new culture, whose ideals differ from the ones upon which they were raised. Bhaba's concept of unhomeliness is used to demonstrate how these personalities could not fully integrate into the new cultures. As a result, they are experiencing an identity crisis. Keywords: Postcolonial, Spivak, Bhaba, subalternity, unhomeliness, identity