Journal of The Iraqi University

Abstract:
The study of doctrinal sciences through the Holy Quran is one of the most important research studies carried out by Islamic Sharia scholars, because the Holy Quran came with all issues of doctrinal rulings contained in Islamic Sharia, which deal with the aspect of monotheism and theology. Perhaps the main conductor to the knowledge of that doctrine is to strike the dogmatic proverbs and the ways of their use for those with intellect and forbidding minds, to contemplate the oneness of God and His power so that they worship Him and do not associate anything with Him. In addition to clarifying the nodal aspect in those proverbs, and showing some of the verses in which the nodal proverbs were used, the study followed the descriptive and inductive approach. Al-Aqdi contains insight for people of understanding and guidance for preachers and educators to follow the approach of the Qur’an in explaining the oneness and power of God, and then devotion to work and worship to Him, and from that setting an example in proving the monotheism of God, and invalidating the worship of others.

Abstract:
This research represents the sum of the sayings of people of interpretation and language in the meanings and significance of the leg in the Holy Qur'an. It reveals those meanings, stands at the borders of the agreed and disputed issues among the pioneered interpreters and goes beyond transference to discussion and weighting, if necessary, and alerts us to the Israeli narrations transferred by the people of the two books (Jews and Christians). The research also meets the needs of the students of science, who are seeking explanations of the legs and their meanings which were mentioned through the book of Almighty Allah according to the facts and the wisdom of revelation. I have gathered them here in a small research paper which is of great usefulness to be a scientific material of easy reference and a key- reference that could be accessed by all.

Abstract: The research aimed to study the Judge Bakr Al-Qushayri's approach in the interpretation of the Qur’an by the Qur’an itself, through his book "Ahkam al-Qur’an". The study relied on the inductive and analytical methodology in collecting Quranic verses and studying the approach. The researcher reached a number of results, including: Judge Bakr Al-Qushayri committed to what he committed himself to in the introduction to his book that to include the Qur’anic verses in his interpretation, and to quote them on the meanings and provisions he decides. Judge Bakr Al-Qushayri expanded on the use of the term “Interpretation of the Qur’an by the Qur’an”, and the aspects of interpreting the Qur’an by the Qur’an according to him reached ten aspects.Keywords: Interpretation of the Qur’an by the Qur’an, approach, Bakr Al-Qushayri, The Quran provisions, Al-Qushayri

Abstract:
This study examines the book of one of the most famous Scandinavian orientalists, Harris Birkeland, which is entitled (Old Muslim Opposition Against The Interpretation of the Koran). The book discusses the idea of opposing the interpretation (Tafsir) of the Noble Qur’an by the Followers (Tabi'oon) and those following them in the first centuries of Islam, and it is assumed that there is a great opposition to any attempt to explain and interpret the Qur’anic text. It claims that this is due to religious and ideological and expedient reasons. This study takes an analytical and critical approach of Harris's ideas on this subject, and returned to the sources of classical Islamic literature in an attempt to evaluate the theories and theses contained in this book. The study reaches several results, the most important of which is that Harris did not come up with anything new in his proposition, but rather agreed with other orientalists regarding the history and origin of the interpretation of the Qur’an. Besides, his methodology encompasses contradictions and disturbances in understanding the texts indicating the prohibition of interpretation in the era of the Followers. Key Words: Scandinavian Orientalism, Haris Birkeland, Opposition to The Interpretation of the Qur'an, Followers (Tabi'oon)

Research summary:
The research included two topics, the first topic included the definition of Al-Khatib Al-Sherbiny and his book Mughni Al-Muhtaj, his name is Muhammad bin Ahmed, famous for Al-Khatib Al-Sharbiny the Cairene Sufi, nicknamed Shams Al-Din, known as Al-Khatib Al-Sherbiny, and he is considered one of the leading scholars of the doctrine in his time and that his father is one of the Sufi sheikhs In the tenth century AH, as for his book, it is the book of Mughni al-Muhtaj, which is the book of Mughni al-Muhtaj, in which the book Minhaj al-Talibin was explained by Imam al-Nawawi. Strange words related to speech

Abstract
This research deals with a very important topic in light of the weakness of the Muslims at the present time and in light of the contemporary instability in the Islamic world. This research focused on the confusion and inability of many to distinguish between the two terms of mudarah (dealing politely with others as long as their arguments are in accordance with the Islamic Sharia, and mudahanah (going along with others even though their stand is not according to the Sharia). To handle this problematic issue, the two terms of mudarah and mudahanah should be clearly distinguished. To do this, 30 relevant hadiths and traditions were collected. This was in addition to the understanding and applications of the righteous predecessors both the companions and their followers. The research concluded that mudarah is required, praised, and desirable, and Mudahanah is the opposite, neither acceptable nor desirable. Mudarah takes place with the general public collectively or individually among which are the rulers and those whom one fears their evil and harm. But this should be in light of the Sharia as reported in the hadiths and without conceding for the sake of worldly benefits. Similarly, Mudahanah can be with the general public, but mostly with rulers, important personalities, and those who people fear their harm. When this happens, it leads to mocking the Islamic religion. Among the recommendations of the research is to collect all hadiths of Mudahanah and study them objectively both as narrated and understood by the scholars.
Keywords: Mudarah, Mudahanah, Application of the Predecessors for Mudarah, Sacrificing Religion for Worldly Benefits

Research Summary
This research aims to clarify the grievances of some scholars on Imam Al-Bukhari’s reference to the hadith “Actions are by intentions” at the beginning of its authenticity and to stand at these objections in the chain of transmission or in the text and to clarify the reasons that prompted Imam Al-Bukhari to make this hadith an introduction to his writing and to stand at these objections and objections and respond to them

Summary
The Prophetic Sunnah reported about the signs of the Hour, which speak of periods of time that afflict the nation of adversity, adversity and temptation. This includes the reversal of some moral and social scales, such as believing the liar, betraying the trustworthy, and telling them a revelation from God, and it carries with it the means of dealing with these temptations and adversities and how to reduce their danger and raise children The nation should not fall into its trap, that noble moral values should prevail in their dealings, and that they should not be deceived by the misleading calls of the media
Opening words. The year is a revolution in moral scales

Abstract
The research aims to look at the thought intended by Omar Ibn Al-Khattab in his management of state affairs with his wisdom and know-how in achieving the desired goal of establishing freedom, justice and equality among the subjects without differentiating between the strong and the weak, the chief and subordinate and the Muslim from the dhimmi in governance and justice, and achieving what is necessary For the Islamic nation, taking into account the facilitation and removing the embarrassment represented by its legitimate policy,it has become a school of thought, political, judicial, and military to be followed in the management of the state internally and externally.
Thought- Destination - Omar bin al-khattab- Implementation- Poli- law

ملخص البحث
الحمد لله وحده ، والصلاة والسلام على من لا نبي بعده، وعلى آله وصحبه اجمعين.تشكل الأسرة نواة المجتمع المسلم، ويعكس اطفالها الاخلاق والمبادئ التي يربون عليها، لذا فقد وضع الاسلام حقوقا لكل فرد من افراد الاسرة ، وكان للطفل الحظ الوفير من هذه الحقوق، وحقوق الطفل انواع منها بعد الولادة ومنها قبلها،فمن الحقوق التي بعد الولادة: التأذين في اذن الصبي، والعقيقة، وحلق راس الصبي، والتسمية الحسنة، والختان والنفقة والتعليم وغيرها، ولقد تناولها الباحثون بالبحث والدراسة.وهناك حقوق قبل الولادة قد شرعها الاسلام، لم نجدها في اي تشريع اخر، لذا اخترت عنوان بحثي ب (حقوق الطفل قبل الولادة) كي يكون البحث ذا فائدة للقارئ الكريم.

Research Summary:
In this research, the researcher aims to clarify the link between fundamentalist rules and the science of jurisprudence, through their definition, their subject, and what they aim at as well as the fundamental result, and the priority of attention to both. Absolutely, and that the relationship between them in terms of the subject is general and particular in one way, as for the link between them is tandem or equality in terms of purpose, as well as a statement of the differences in the mechanism of writing in scientific research between them.opening words:Fundamental rules, principles of jurisprudence, definition, subject, goal.

Abstract
The scientists throughout the ages have had an independent scientific character: reckon, and the object, and justify all the views put forward in front of them, including their opinion reached them, their goal in that access to the right, having regard to scientific controls, and moral character of research and debate.
Among these scholars is Mulla Jeon, who mentioned in his book (Noor Al-Anwar) a weighting of fundamental issues in his book, which the researcher wanted to explain.opening words Weightings, Mulla Jeon, book (Noor Al-Anwar), the principles of jurisprudence, fundamentalist opinions.

Research Summary
The (intentional thought) was present among the Companions in many situations in the life of the Prophet, may God bless him and grant him peace, and after his death, and the many interpretations of the Companions testify to this, because they received directly from the Prophet, and it had a great impact on their understanding because of their knowledge of the reasons for the revelation of the verses, which helps them On understanding what is required and realizing the objectives, and their closeness to the Prophet, may God bless him and grant him peace, and seeing his actions, which explain and explain what was reported about him, and the Arabic language and knowledge of the intentions of the words of the Arabs, and they know the connotations of meanings, as well as sincerity and piety that they were upon, for these reasons the idea emerged. Research on some of the interpretations of the Companions in (Calamities) with their intentional view under the titleIntentional consideration and its impact on dealing with calamities... The Companions’ jurisprudence as a model

Abstract
The principles of Islam are based on true belief and then reflected on the acquired sciences. These acts are correct and accepted if they are issued by a true belief, and the path of science and knowledge is one of the aims of Islam, and anything else is a hindrance to its creation. Ignorance or misguidance, and Islam is innocent of it The Qur'an, as well as the Noble Sunnah, guided us to the means to acquire those sciences and knowledge that were not suitable for all mankind.alkalimat aliaftitahia athar; eaqidat; tatawir;fard

Summary
qasad albahith fi hadhih aldirasat bayan wazifat alnasi altashrieii alwarid ean alamam eali (ea) fi alhifaz ealaa albiyati, faltashrieat alsaadirat ean almaesum kafiat litanzim alhayaat albiyiyat ealaa mustawaa alfard walmujtamaei, 'iidh anah raeaa albiyat wawalaha ahimiat almuhafazat ealayha hataa fi alzuruf ghayr altabieiat kama fi halat alharb wama 'ashbaha, li'ana muhimat alhifaz ealaa albiyat hi wahidat min almaswuwliaat alati kan 'amir almuminin  yahtamu baha, falbina' alaiqtisadiu lildawlat la buda 'an yuraeaa fih aljanib albiyiy
Key words: Environment - elements – Islamic religious law - Imam Ali

ABSTRACT
This is a summary of the research that we intend to embark on, which is based on the study of “the role of the Islamic faith in addressing the negative effects on the individual and society after the events of ISIS.”
The importance of the topic is that after the Iraqi society was exposed to many crises as a result of the control of the so-called organization (ISIS), it made the Iraqi society in a state of instability and balance, which caused negative effects on society in various painful aspects of society as a whole, and we felt some of these effects on the members of society through Lectures at the university or through mixing with people in mosques and events, which threatens stability The intellectual integrity of many segments of society, and therefore it is the responsibility of educational and religious institutions, preachers, researchers and organizations to find solutions to societal problems. Creed، Effects، Society، hyperbole، Values، solutions.

Abstract
Praise be to God, the One, the One, the Eternal, the Eternal, the One, the Eternal, who has no children. He has permitted buying and selling and forbidding usury in taking and returning. Prayers and peace be upon the final and supportive Messenger of God, his family and companions, and those who follow his guidance and after: The Islamic religion is a divine religion, complete and comprehensive, including all financial and non-financial transactions. This research dealt with the biography of the great companion Abu Saeed Al-Khudri - may God be pleased with him - and I examined his narrations in financial transactions, which amounted to only three non-repetitive narrations, as well as from other than the hadiths that do not have provisions in the books of the Sunnah, and I studied them in a comparative study, leading to the most correct opinion
Opening words: - transactions - keel - gold - sale - khadri

Abstract
Many eminent scholars have stated that the door of ijtihad is still wide open, and that the door of criticism of grammar is still open as well, and that this criticism must be based on investigation and induction, in order to reveal what the grammarians differ in, and the shortcomings in grammar.From here, I make this speech the basis of my research, which is based on the idea of criticizing a grammatical phenomenon that included dozens of Qur’anic texts and hundreds of poetic and prose evidence. On the other hand, over the long centuries, and all this, in my opinion, is in the field of facilitating grammar.Keywords: audio sources - visual school - syntax of sentences - grammatical disagreement - facilitation of grammar

Summary
The research deals with the term “predominance” and what was said about it by the ancient critics, and their differences in it, and several of the poets who were overpowered. Then he singles out the talk about Al-Nabigha Al-Jaadi, and what was the predominance of poets over him, and deals with it in terms of the purpose of satire in his poetry, and the pride and enthusiasm connected to it, he singles out his poetry with which he has spoken against those who have been overcome, so he collects these on one level, in addition to collecting the poetry with which others have prevailed over him from those who are below him in Poetry, and his poetry in them, so he studies the reason for the difference between the two, and discusses the reason for the spelling, He studies the poetry with which the opponent is defeated, He was definitively victorious over him, and the extent to which critics adhere to a single principle in ruling over victory.
Keywords: Taghleeb - the defeated poet - Al-Nabigha Al-Jaadi - Laila Al-Akhiliya

Abstract
This research sheds light on the connotations of the present tense verb in Surat Maryam, and it is a study in which we stand on the most wonderful connotations that make the Qur’anic text a vital one. I took a descriptive approach to solve that problem, and the aim of the research was to identify a specific indication of the present verb according to the Qur'anic context, so my research fell into a preface, three chapters and a conclusion.Keywords: context, context effect, verb, present tense, Surat Maryam.

Abstract
The research deals with the dual phenomenon of laughter and crying in the poetry of Ibn Nabataht al-Saadi (d AH). It is concerned with the phenomenon of laughter and crying in the poet’s poetry, as it represents the feelings and feelings of man in the aspects of life, and their psychological impact in revealing the values in society in that period of time. In his poetry he clearly monitors the emotions and feelings of people, so he arranged his poems in the best way.

ABSTRACT
The research includes a study of the biography of Mrs. Khadija bint Khuwailid, may God Almighty be pleased with her, through the book of the pure offspring of its author, Abu Bishr al-Dulabi, who died in the year 310 AH. A historical methodological study. The first section of the study and those in her era In the second section, the study of the biography of Mrs. Khadija, may God’s peace be upon her, from her birth and upbringing, then her marriage before the Messenger of God and after her hiring him to work in trade, her marriage to him, her conversion to Islam and selling her the talk about her death and her children from the Messenger of God, may God’s prayers and peace be upon him and his family . Khadija) / wheel/ wife / tell us key words :

Abstract
Imam Ghaleb bin Ali, after assuming the position of the Imamate in Amman in July, was supported by Saudi Arabia, and their support for him was for various reasons as Saudi Arabia found in him a pressure tool on Muscat authority that was conflict with Saudia on Braimy oasis . Who used to see his approach to Saudi Arabia as a violation of the principles of autonomy enjoyed by the Imam, and on the other hand, he ordered, according to his opinion, with the Saudis to establish an Omani state separate from the Sultanate that would be a tool in the hands of the Saudis, which would jeopardize his independence as the Imam received weapons and money from Saudi Arabia, and thus The Saudi penetration into the interior regions will lead to the loss of its influence in Muscat itself. On the other hand, the relationship between the Imam and the Saudis raised the concerns of Britain, which considered denying the exploration privileges it would lead to its loss and handing it over to the hands of the Americans if this relationship continues.

Summary :
The study aims to analyze agricultural development indicators in the Samarra district, and to determine the extent of progress towards achieving sustainable agricultural development goals. The results show that the Samarra district achieved remarkable progress in economic indicators, as the value of agricultural production increased year after year, which led to an increase in the growth rate of real agricultural output, per capita agricultural output, and productivity of the agricultural worker. On the other hand, public investments directed to agriculture decreased, and the study recommends preserving and developing water and land resources and increasing the efficiency of their use, as well as directing more investments to the agricultural sector.

Abstract: The researcher aimed to reveal the Traits of the ideal academic - the academic: a faculty member with all his certificates and academic titles - according to the opinions of the students of the College of Education for Girls at AI-Iraqia University in all its departments. The research was conducted using a questionnaire and the researcher placed its paragraphs on the basis of the Likert scale with five alternatives suitable for survey studies. The questionnaire consisted of six axes, and each axis included a number of paragraphs that represent certain characteristics of the ideal academic. The questionnaire was distributed to the research sample consisting of (200) female students to express their views by choosing the appropriate alternative from the five alternatives in front of each of the questionnaire’s paragraphs, which range from (strongly agree with the one who took the degree 5 - and strongly disagree with the one who took the degree 1). The questionnaire’s axes covered several features of the ideal academic, which are: The first axis: the method of teaching the ideal academic, which included (16) paragraphs, the second axis: the knowledge aspect of the ideal academic and consisted of (13) items, and the third axis: the relationships of the ideal academic with students and consisted of (21) Paragraph, and the fourth axis: the social personality of the ideal academic, the axis consists of (13) paragraphs, and the fifth axis: the moral characteristics of the ideal academic includes (10) paragraphs, and finally the sixth axis: the evaluation of the ideal academic for students, and it includes (14) paragraphs or features. The results of the research concluded with a number of characteristics that received strong approval from the respondents, the most important of which are the wise academic, the owner of knowledge, but at the same time he is friendly and can communicate with them, who is familiar with the average student, and the sample also believes that the ideal academic is the one who uses different applications of technological means, but they Give great value to his ability to talk to his students and take their opinion as an integral part of the educational process. Based on the results of the research, the researcher made several recommendations to benefit from, especially new faculty members or graduate students who aspire to the university teaching profession, including "encouraging students to challenge new ideas, and to free discussion and critical analysis of lecture points." She suggested research projects, including "building a mentorship program to form the characteristics of the ideal professor among new faculty members." Keywords: Traits, academic, university teaching

Abstract
The educational process has become a means of transferring experiences to generations in societies, and therefore the progress or backwardness of education in any society is nothing but an expression of the progress or backwardness of the society itself, so it was necessary to pay attention to the qualities and skills of school principals to serve the educational process and its success. Knowledge management is considered to have a high degree of importance. The administration must adhere to clear and approved strategies for managing knowledge and enhancing its operations, as it is considered a fundamental pillar of development and progress. Key words: schools, principal, knowledge management, education, strategic decision

ABSTRACT
Praise be to God, a lot of good and blessed praise, and prayers and peace be upon the best of all creation. This research consists of (the effect of an origami model in developing lateral thinking among first-grade students in the middle school in the subject of social studies). The researcher verified this by using the experimental design with partial control and for the first (T) and the second (Z) research groups. The researcher applied the scale prepared by him after completing his experiment, and the sample was randomly selected from the first-grade students at Omar Bin Abdulaziz Preparatory School of the General Directorate of Salah Al-Din Education for the academic year. (2018 - 2019 AD).
The sample consisted of (54) students, (6) students were excluded because they failed, and it became (48) students (24) students for the experimental and (24) students for the regular one. The researcher was rewarded between the two research groups in variables such as (the chronological age of the students calculated in months, the grades for the previous year in the subject of history, the achievement of the parents, and the intelligence test). The subject of scientific research was specified in chapters (1, 2, 3) of the book on the subject of social studies to be taught to students of the first intermediate grade for the academic year (2018-2019).The researcher taught the two research groups himself, where he started teaching them on 10/2/2018 and his experience with the research groups continued for two months, that is, an entire semester, which is the first semester of the academic year (2018-2019).
model origami Lateral thinking social studies

(BOT) is a system in which public investment projects are financed, created, managed, and maintained by the private sector, which may be one private company, or several local or international private companies, operating through the project company, which undertakes to establish, implement, manage and maintain the project for a certain period of time. The concession period granted by the host country enables the project company to recover the costs incurred in the project, while achieving a satisfactory percentage of profit. Then the project company transfers ownership of the project access to the host state, in a good condition without any restrictions. According to the study, the parties to the (BOT) system are limited to two main parties: the host country and the company executing the project. The implementation of projects (BOT) passes through three time stages, the first stage is the preparatory stage for the project by the host country, the second stage is for the project company, which is the stage of project implementation in terms of its construction, its operation and management, and the third stage in which the ownership of the project is transferred to the host country after the expiry of the concession period granted between the state and the project company.

Summary
The personal status law is one of the most important laws, if not the most important at all, because of the rights and duties that it entails on all family members, and because personal status is one of the most important topics of interest to man in every age and time, because its provisions adhere to aspects of his life and contribute to his most special privacy. Key words : Personal Status - Islamic Legislation - Comparison

Abstract
This study came on the subject of transparency and its impact on eliminating the phenomenon of corruption in administrative contracts and public office in accordance with the competition and government procurement system and its executive regulations and the civil service system and its executive regulations. From announcing the tender, such as national security, cases of epidemics, or employment, such as reserved jobs, which are for considerations necessitated by the public interest that outweighs the interest of individuals, so this study raised a number of questions about the extent to which transparency is achieved and its role in eliminating administrative corruption from administrative contracts and public office? And the effectiveness of the systems in addressing them and filling their gaps? ; In order to answer this basic question and achieve the objectives of the study, this research was divided into an introductory topic and three chapters that dealt in the preliminary section with the concepts of transparency, its importance, requirements, the legal basis for it, and the textualization of international charters and treaties on them. Then, in the first chapter, I dealt with administrative contracts in terms of their definition, pillars, characteristics, types, and means of achieving transparency in them, and that the Saudi competition system and its executive regulations in administrative contracts limited the phenomenon of corruption, starting from the preliminary stage and ending with the implementation stage of the administrative contract, and also by establishing a number of means to achieve transparency. As the principle of transparency, confidentiality of bids, freedom of competition, preference for local content, and the creation of an electronic portal through which all government business and purchases are offered and announced to achieve free competition, and competition is not offered until after the availability of financial credits. This indicates the understanding and ability of the Saudi regulator to achieve transparency; As for the second chapter, we discussed the public job, the concept of the public employee, the methods of joining the job, and the means to achieve transparency in its procedures before assuming the public job, and then following the policy of advertising it according to the method of competition; We were also exposed to achieving transparency after assuming the job, by regulating conflict of interest and combating corruption for the public employee in accordance with the Code of Conduct and Ethics for the Public Job, and for the employee with respect to the Regulation of Conduct and Ethics of Those in Charge of the Competition and Government Procurement System and its Executive Regulations, and the Regulation for Regulating Conflict of Interest for Those in Charge of the Competition System Government procurement and its executive regulations. We also touched on the agencies concerned with combating corruption that enhance transparency, such as the Public Prosecution, the Control and Anti-Corruption Authority, and other agencies and units. Finally, the third chapter contains the concepts and forms of corruption, considering that it undermines transparency and helps the emergence of crimes that impede development such as bribery, forgery, embezzlement, abuse of influence, and others; The study concluded with a number of results and recommendations; The most important of which is to expedite the issuance of regulations and legislation binding on the application of transparency and accountability in the private and public sectors that contribute to comprehensive development.

Abstract
The technology of armed drones has developed during the past two decades, and the use of these unmanned aircraft has become a regular feature of military operations in various types of armed conflicts, both international and non-international, due to their ability to fly for long periods, monitoring, and targeting, Whether on the battlefield or outside, with humanitarian consequences for the civilian. This created controversy about the ability of these aircraft to abide by the rules of international law.
Kay words:Armed drones, International human rights law, international humanitarian law, armed conflict, right of life.

Abstract
The idea of the legal disposition unit is one of the well-established ideas in legal life in its applications since a long time ago, the Muslim jurists paid special attention to it, and we have traced the idea in both Islamic jurisprudence and civil law and we have worked to collect the particles of this idea through its multiple applications at the level of legislation Civil and Islamic jurisprudence.
Keywords structural unit, multiple wills, single will, legal actions, scope of the unit.

Summary:
The judge must be objective when forming his personal conviction in the case, and in order for you to be set by the legislator, controls for this conviction, to prevent the judges from controlling or arbitrary when forming this conviction, so the legislator obliged the judge to be fair in his judgment, and to show how he has self-conviction Which prompted him to issue his judgment in the case, allowing him to be convinced in the manner he deems appropriate, and according to what is presented to him, but he obliged him to show in his judgment how he had this conviction.
Key words: (Personal conviction - judges - Code of Criminal Procedure - Judgment in the case- judges).

Abstract
The negative position of the United States of America regarding the establishment of the International Criminal Court is an incarnation of its attempt to dominate and impose its desire on the international community, besides, it adopted a huge objection to the establishment of the International Criminal Court, starting from the preparatory work stage, especially after realizing that there is a tendency among the countries participating in the Conference of Plenipotentiaries and what followed towards refusing to grant the Security Council major powers to supervise the cases that the Court will decide on, especially referral to the Court, which expected and hoped that the experiences of the former Yugoslavia and Rwanda tribunals, and the primary role of the Security Council in them, would be replicated and adopted.
It can be said that the subsequent targeting campaigns against the court were aimed at undermining and weakening it in order to grant its military forces and citizens immunity from the court’s jurisdiction, even if they had committed violations that considered an international crime and interfered with the court’s jurisdiction. To this end, the United States of America has adopted a qualitative and selective interpretation of the Statute provisions of the International Criminal Court, and it has spared no effort or means but has tried to follow them in order to put obstacles in the way of approving the Statute and then work in every way to discourage states to abide by what is stated in the Court’s Statute By using various means of political and economic pressure to do so.The US position towards the International Criminal Court took a hostile nature after May 6, 2002. The US Defense Secretary (Donald Rumsfeld) went on to describe the court as illegal, and the US administration claimed that the International Criminal Court could be used as a forum for politically motivated trials, although the United States realizes that the Rome Statute has sufficient guarantees to prevent and protect against it, where the United States passed legislation in 2002 known as (The American servicemen's Protection Act (ASPA)), then, another law was passed, known as the Amendment (Nethercutt Amendment), which was issued in 2004 and which prevents the provision of known funding (The American Servican Mens Protection Act – USAID) to the countries that refuse to conclude bilateral agreements, a fund that finances economic development projects and many other programs in various countries of the world, especially the developing countries. Then followed other positions and actions that were aimed at obstructing the court’s actions and trying to prevent some countries from joining the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court, which represents a disruption of criminal justice and impunity for the perpetrators of international crimes and an attempt to exclude its forces and nationals from being subject to justice.

Abstract
hich was covered by the three study newspapers, and also aimed to reveal (frames, causes, results and solutions) used in the treatment. (171) subjects during the period from (1/1-31/1/2021 The study reached a number of results, including the singling out of time with a percentage of (40.3%) in publishing the topics of the pandemic among the total newspapers, and news art ranked first with a percentage of (49.7%), followed by the progress of the health effects framework with a percentage A percentage of (25.7%), and the study also showed that the category (velocity of virus spread) was issued among the reasons for the development and spread of the pandemic, with a percentage of (43.9%). 66.7%). The activation of government procedures for the proposed solutions was presented by a percentage of (27.5%), and the positive trend of the topics that included journalistic arts in the study newspapers reached (44.4%) as a percentage of the total published for the press material.
Keywords: (treatment frameworks for the press, comparative study, corona)

Abstract
The daytime talk shows are one of the important television programs, as they serve as the main interface for all satellite television and It is one of the most important means of expression that allows participants to engage in dialogue and discussion and express their opinions, ideas, and multiple viewpoints on the topic covered in the daytime talk show, The researcher used the media dependency theory and its cognitive, emotional and behavioral effects, This research according to the adopted method is descriptive research, on the field side, it relied on the survey method, The researcher also used the method of studying interrelationships, The researcher distributed the questionnaire form to a specific group in a simple random way, A Triangular Likert Scale (agree, neutral, disagree) was used to measure the cognitive, affective and behavioral effects. The research issue was summarized by a main question: What is the role of the daytime TV talk shows in increasing the cognitive awareness of Iraqi women?
Keywords: TV program, talk shows, cognitive awareness

Abstract
The study aims to identify the great role played by Facebook, for its famous and influential aspect among other social networking sites, in light of the internet revolution and drawing the parameters of social values, whether in their positive or negative aspects, or working to add new values of landmarks that were not previously familiar in our Arabian societies.The problem of the study was embodied in the most prominent question expressed by the extent of Facebook's role in ranking social values among university students.The survey method was used to analyze the data, as the study was a descriptive, and the questionnaire was used as the most prominent tool for obtaining data and information.
The research revealed that the Facebook has emerged more culturally in arranging social values, and that it was supported by the respondents that it was active in the idea of paying attention to social values, ithas become an important source for searching for relevant information.
keywords: Facebook - order of priorities - social values.

Abstract
Public relationships become one of the important functions in modern organizations in the global, where it perform important roles in the field of communicational processes among the organizations and their public, and accomplish the mutual understanding between the two parties taking the research and the analysis, a tendency in political industry and making the programs, and communication in all of its dimensions in that public relationships pursue the scientific curriculum in the search which is based on analysis and interpretation and these are operations which are in need of the full awaring of the psychological studies which are related to reality. The humane needs, its constituents, the individual trends, their different points of views, the means of measuring these trends and affect them to gain the public trust which the organizations deal with, in addition to that public relationships is belong to the group of recent social sciences to face humane development needs where social sciences can supply us with information that may be proved for humane conduct which is the core of public relationships.

Abstract
Labor legislation regulates labor relations and protects the largest group in society, which is the category of workers. This legislation adopts the criterion of dependency to distinguish labor relations from other relations between the worker and the employer, and in light of the Corona pandemic, which constituted an exceptional and unexpected circumstance, it revealed deficiencies and cracks in the laws The need to move to the method of "remote work" and to adopt development, transfer and exchange information in the digital and technological fields has become an urgent necessity, which leads to difficulty and the occurrence of legal problems regarding the issue of the employer's control and supervision over workers.
Keywords: dependency, remote work contract, communication and media technology, remote dependency, remote worker.

ABSTRACT:
The poet Nimā Yushij considers meter and rhyme to be essential tools of poetry, and it is governed by elements of assumptions. Since rhyme is in his poetry it is considered rhyme, but not in ways that rhyme is observed in traditional poetry. Nimā has given special importance to rhyme and for this reason it can have a more important place than spontaneous repetition, especially at the end of syllables, but it is considered a melodic column for separating components and also focuses on the coherence capillary components.
The poet Nimā sometimes thinks language is and has so-called linguistic innovations, and his use of local language and dialect greatly helped create additional descriptive constructs. Nimā Yushij is a political poet and there are many additional formulations in his political poems.The mixing of new and colloquial words and expressions along with grammar and old words as well as the spacing of adjectives is one of Nimā Yushij's offerings.He has been interested in his ideas and reflections and since he himself is the innovator of a new style. Due to the diversity of the poet's ideas and tastes, which were more focused on nature and the special and beautiful monuments of his city, he showed a lot of art in describing his poems, and a very beautiful background is provided for these combinations. It showed the poet's set of thoughts and tastes, which were more comprehensive in nature, and the special and beautiful aspects of his city, and a lot of art in his description as well as his poems, a detailed description with a very beautiful background for these combinations. Keywords: (Style - Model - Language - Poetry - Nimā)

Abstract
The concept of womanism was coined by Alice Walker to advocate dark-skinned women rights. Her social nature and love to know everyone and everything made her a multi-talented personality. This interest was evident in her novel The Color Purple, a novel that exposes multiple themes that have been highlighted. Racism and sexism in addition to patriarchy and poverty were the themes that were demonstrated in this novel. Seemingly, the application of the concept of womanism to literary works has been more widespread since its inception than has been written about it. This paper discusses how dark-skinned women in specific, Celie, the main character in the novel are portrayed in both, the black and the white community. It highlights the challenges confronting dark-skinned women. However, Being a woman and being black dark-skinned are both considered encumbrances. This paper discusses this issue and sheds light on the way that Alice Walker draws a path to let all the dark-skinned women characters be free and independent. Furthermore, this study discusses the difference between two critical concepts, namely “Feminism” and “Womanism”. It aims to show how Walker moves from a limited theory “Feminism” to a broader in scope approach to women's issues “Womanism”. To achieve this task, this research sheds light on both concepts through the behaviour of the dark-skinned women characters.
Keywords:
Alice Walker, The Color Purple, feminism, womanism.

ABSTRACT
This study seeks to present a critical discourse analysis (CDA) of the abuse of power in the Iraqi parliamentary elections. In particular, it aims to investigate the control of more powerful Iraqi parties on public discourse and highlight the influence of discourse on the mind and actions of less powerful people. The analysis draws upon two newspaper articles, one from US-New York Times newspaper, and the other from the British _Guardian newspaper. The analysis framework was based on Van Dijk's (2004) strategies. The analysis shows that particular discursive strategies were used by journalists in covering the Iraqi election issue to serve fundamental goals and their hegemonic ideology.
Keywords: the abuse of power, critical discourse analysis (CDA), Van Dijk's (2004) strategies

ABSTRACT
This article examines the U.S. 2012 presidential election campaign by using Critical Discourse Analysis (henceforth CDA). The study focuses on Mitt Romney and Barack Obama political discourses. Mainly, the aticle follows an interdisciplinary study of the presidents’ speeches. It tries to explore the way in which they use specific expressions to support their campaigns. This interdisciplinarity is linguistic involving two stylistic theoretical trajectories. First, CDA is studied together with deictic expressions within pragmatic conceptual framework. CDA is specified to the selected candidates’ utterances. These utterances reflect the political visions and missions by which each candidate aspires to fulfill his presidential rally. Second, the fulfilling of this presidential rally is analyzed by applying three deictic expressions, namely, personal, spatial, and temporal deictic utterances. The personal utterances are analyzed to unravel the political objectives outlined by the presidents. Both candidates keep using the pronoun 'I' in order to draw attention to their personal visions and missions towards the future of the U.S. personal deixis leads to the analysis of spatial deixis. Spatial deixis are used to refer to a place, or situation, where the candidates assert their objectives. This place is specifically the U.S. the candidates jot down their objectives regarding the future of the U.S. and how each of them can enhance the American leadership. The temporal deixis are applied together with personal and spatial deixis to analyze the time of the presidential campaign. Thus, deixis are applied with CDA as an interdisciplinary study.
Keywords: Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA), Deixis, Interdisciplinarity, Presidential debates.