Al-Qadisiyah Medical Journal

To evaluate the oxidant / antioxidant status (represented by serum malondialdehyde"MDA"and total antioxidant status "TAS") at diagnosis and then at two-weeks intervals during the first two months intensive therapy, with the levels of tumors necrosis factor- (TNF-) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) before starting therapy and by the end of the 2 months therapy in newly diagnosed patients with pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) in comparison to healthy controls.
Out of 52 patients interviewed and examined, only 46 patients with active PTB consented to participate in this study. Initially blood sample was taken and assay of serum MDA, TAS, TNF- and IL-10 was done. Then patients were put on intensive 2 months therapy as 4 tablets of Rimstar ® ( a fixed dose tablets containing isoniazid, rifampicin , pyrazinamide and ethambutol) daily. During therapy and at 2 weeks intervals, blood samples were taken and assay of serum MDA and TAS were done till the end of suggested period of the study, where assay of TNF- and IL-10 also have been done. Included in this study also 46 healthy, non-smoker, age and sex-matched volunteers as a control group for the initial laboratory results of MDA, TAS, TNF- and IL-10. For both patients and controls, calculation of the body mass index (BMI) was done using especial equation.
There was a significant increase in the serum levels of MDA, TNF- and IL-10, with a significant decrease in the TAS in patients with PTB in the pre-therapy stage in comparison to healthy controls. During therapy, there was a gradual increase in TAS and a gradual decrease in MDA at the 2 weeks intervals till the end of the intensive 2-months therapy. By the end of suggested period of the study, there was a significant reduction in the serum level of MDA, TNF- and IL-10 with a significant increase in TAS levels, in comparison to the pre-therapy stage.
Acute PTB was associated with an oxidative stress and changes in some cytokines levels and the initial 2 months intensive therapy was associated with a reduction in oxidative stress (as reflected by reduction in MDA and an increase in TAS levels) and reverse the changes in TNF- and IL-10 levels induced by the disease.

The study was designed to assess in vivo the effects of capsular polysaccharide (CPS) antigen of K. pneumonia on some immunological parameters in albino mice.
CPS antigen from K.pneumonia was prepared, then series concetration of wild type of bathogenic bacteria and from CPS antigen were prepared depending on LD50 value which was;1×103 cfu /ml of wilde type and 1×105 cfu/ ml of CPS antigens ,these concentration injected in 0.1 ml intraperetonial in mice .
Immune response in mice evaluated by using the following assay: (phagocytosis , Arthus reaction , delayed hypersensitivity and plaque forming cells ) by use two concentration LD50 and 0.1 LD50 which was( 1×105 , 1×106) cfu/ ml in 0.1 ml from CPS antigens« to evaluate the best concentration in stimulate immune response» and bacterial suspention in 3 mice to each test in addition to control group injected by normal saline .
The results of this study confirmed that , the CPS antigen in1×106 cfu/ ml concentration after 14 days from injection is the best efficient and gave highest mean in phagocytosis , delayed hypersansativity and arthus reaction , specific immunity in term of plaque forming cells was significantly increase in 1×106 cfu/ ml .It is concluded that efficient immune response can be obtained by CPS from K. pneumoniae

Amblyopia (lazy eye) is a common problem affecting 1-5% of children, it is a unilateral or bilateral reduction of best corrected visual acuity that cannot be attributed directly to any structural abnormality of the eye or the posterior visual pathway.
A prospective study of tow years done on thirty child all of them older than seven years age presented with uni or bilateral amlyopia; visual acuity, ocular motility, Hurshberg taste, slit lump biomicroscopy, fundoscopy, and cycloplegic refraction, treatment with correction of the refractive error, full time occlusion, part time occlusion, and penalization according to the severity.
Most of children gets an improvement in there visual acuity
Most of new studies in amblyopia in agreement with our results, while the old opinion limiting the critical period at 6-7 years old.
So we should try for treatment of amblyopia in older children while giving a full explanation to the child\'s family about the poorer results of treatment, for medico legal purposes.

To clinically evaluate the outcome of Inguinal Hernioplasty in terms of haematoma, wound infection and recurrence, with special reference to surgery done by trainee surgeons. A total of 50 patients with inguinal hernia were operated during the study period. The result of the present study concluded that using mesh for surgical operation of hernia is much better than the ordinal operation of hernia because this technique reduces the recurrence of the disease, while the classical operation is related to recurrence of the disease. Also Mesh can reduce the appearing of hematomas, Wound infections after the operation, while the classical operation is related to appearing of the hematomas and Wound infections after the operation. Further more there is no significant difference between the two methods regarding appearing of seromas after the operation however, its appear among those patients which did a classical operation more than those which using mesh for operation. So In our set-up Mesh Hernioplasty has proven to be effective with low complication and recurrence rates.

In this study, 28 patients suffering from hyperlipidemia who were on simvastatin ,were included for determination serum guanase activity.
Guanase activity was observed at high level in those patients (n = 16) who were on prolonged treatment with simvastatin (more than 30 days) but its activity remained within normal when simvastation was administrated at interrupted intervals .
The results were compared with two control groups the first (n=10) with hyperlipidemia but with no simvastatin and the second (n=10) was normal individuals with no history of hyperlipidemia.
However, guanase activity was found to be normal in both control groups .
Besides, this study was found that alkaline phosphatase was also increased in some patients , However , guanase activity was observed earlier than alkaline phosphatase which have suggested that simvastatine could cause liver injuries when used for a long time. This study is the first study conducted to predict liver injuries as a result of simvastatin through guanase elevation .

A total of fifty (50) samples were collected from burn infections from AL-Sader Medical City in Alnajaf Alashraf during the period from the 24th of January to the 4th of April . Different percentages of different bacteria were noted as follows , Pseudomonas aeruginosa was the highest percentage about 33% followed by Ps. florescence 8( 16 %) , both E.coli & Klebsiella Sp comprised 6 (12%) ,and Aeromonas sp was the lowest ratio comprising 2% .
The most bacteria appeared resistance to antibiotics, Pseudomonas aeruginosa was found to be resistant to most of the therapeutic agents.
In this paper a synthesis of 5-benzylidene thiobarbituric acid derivative have been described. The route of preparation involved the uses of thiobarbituric acid as starting material and treated with 4-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde compound to give required derivative this compound have been identified by a spectroscopic method like H-NMR, IR and CHNS analysis and also by measuring its melting point.A simple synthetic route for 5-(4-dimethylaminobenzylidene)thiobarbituric acid by the condensation reaction of 4-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde with thiobarbituric acid in water without catalyst is described.
The results revealed that proteus sp. was affected by chemical model more than the other bacteria , increasing the concentration of the compound increases the inhibition zone .also bacteria Klebseilla sp. Pseudomonas aeruginosa. affected by compound model ,but bacteria Staphylococcus arueus was not affected by any concentration of compound.
The aim of of this study was to determine the model of chemical compounds effect on the growth of some bacteria isolated from buruns in vitro.

The aim of study was to asses any potential relationship between perifollicular vascularity and fetal outcome in an invivo environment following ovarian stimulation and intrauterine insemination.
A total of 75 unselected consecutive patients undergoing stimulated intrauterine insemination cycles (with clomid) was recruited where the perifollicular vascularity of the follicles ≥16 mm was studied using subjective grading system by transvaginal power Doppler ultrasonography 24 h after HCG administration.
36 hours after H.C.G administration we did intrauterine insemination and two weeks later we did pregnancy test for our patients.
A total 75 mature follicles ( > 16 mm ) was studied. According to the result of Doppler study we found that we had 54.6% of follicles having grade III perfollicular vascularity , 32% having grade II , and 13.3% grade I. The follicles of high grade vascularity were associated with higher pregnancy rate (grade 3= 19.5%) than cycles with low grade vascularity (grade2 =12.5%), with no pregnancy occur in grade 1 vascularity group. Early pregnancy loss rate was significantly higher in grade2 follicular vascularity (33.3%) than grade 3 (12.5%) .
The mean age and duration of subfertility were significantly higher (P<0.05), with low follicular vascularity grades compared with grade II, III.
These data would suggest that perfollicular vascularity and PI (pulsatility index ) of uterine artery has an important role to play in the outcome of IUI cycles. And that the power Doppler has the potential to refine the management of assisted reproduction treatment cycles.

US (ultrasound) is currently one of the main diagnosing breast disease .In gay scale US there are typical characteristic features of benign & malignant mass. Used of power Doppler has also been exploited in aiding the benign & malignant differentiation of solid masses.
1.The purpose of this study was to investigate sensitivity of gray scale US features in differentiating benign from malignant solid breast masses .
2.To evaluate the role of power Doppler imaging to differentiate benign & malignant solid breast masse & how power Doppler findings correlate with lymph node involvement .
The study involved 55 female present with breast lesion , in Department of Diagnostic radiology in AL Dewanyia teaching hospital refered from breast centre in period July 2008 – January 2010 , the inclusion criteria was the presence of breast lesion, undergo surgery , exclusion criteria female with breast lesion & refused surgery. Tempt was made to categories lesions as benign , malignant by using US criteria & power Doppler correlate this findings with pathological results .
A total of 55 female patients with solid breast mass. Mean age was (44year ) . Size of breast lesion range from 1-6cm , most common sit of the tumor was upper lateral quadrant in both malignant & benign breast mass. Comparison of US & histological findings was made , this enable to calculate sensitivity (90%) of gray scale ultrasound , sensitivity of power Doppler was 70% & majority of malignant tumors (78%) that demonstrate vascularity in power Doppler showed axillary lymph node invasion .
Power Doppler sonography should be considered together with the established criteria in gray scale ultrasound.
Further study is indicated by using more advanced procedures like enhanced power Doppler US(using levovist) to increase sensitivity of US.

Cholelithiasis is defined as the presence of stones within the lumen of the gall bladder or in the extrahepatic biliary tree. The goal of this study was to identify the ultrastructural ultrations of gall bladder epithelium in cholelithiesis.
Gallbladder specimens were collected from patients who underwent cholectstectomy. Minute specimens were also fixed and processed to evaluate the fine structures of the gall bladder epithelium.
The histological changes in semithin sections of methylene blue stain showed disruption of gall bladder epithelium and discontinuity of this epithelium with appearance of Rokitansky-Aschoff sinuses, there is hyperplasia of epithelial cells, all these changes associated with mucous gland metaplasia in the lamina properia of cholecystitic gall bladder. At the ultrastructural level, abraded and altered microvilli accompanied by mitochondrial damages, dilitation of intercellular spaces was revealed by thin-section electron microscopy associated with intracellular vacuoles and irregularity and herniation of cell outlines. The epithelial cells contain mucous droplet, some of these droplets shedded to the exterior of the cells.
Gallstones are accompanied by major changes in the gallbladder epithelium, as shown by both light and electron microscopy.

Clinical assessment of scrotal contents in patients with infertility has relied mainly on physical examination.Color Doppler ultrasonography (US) is generally not performed as a routine examination. However, physical examination might miss many abnormalities readily detected by US, including testicular tumor and testicular microlithiasis (TM).
We assessed the value of scrotal color Doppler ultrasonography as a routine examination in infertile men compared with findings by physical examination.
Scrotal Color Doppler ultrasonography was performed in 314 infertile men with a mean age of (25±5.4) years to detect intrascrotal abnormalities. Findings were compared with those of physical examination.
Intrascrotal abnormalities were detected by ultrasonography in 86.6% of patients. Of 374 abnormalities, 31% were undetected by physical examination. Left varicocele was found in 234 patients (74%); testicular microlithiasis in 10 (3.1%);epididymal cyst in 23 (7.3%); right varicocele in 7(2.2%); and testicular cysts in 2 (0.6%). One occurrence (0.3%) was found for testicular tumor, hypoechoic small testicles in 11(3.2%), and hydrocele in 45(14.3%).Compared to ultrasonography, sensitivity in detecting left varicocele by physical examination was 77%. Sensitivity of physical examination in detecting left varicocele compared with to US was decreased as grade of left varicocele decreased.
The routine Color Doppler ultrasonography is valuable for diagnosing scrotal abnormalities in infertile men,frequently detecting non-palpable lesions that were missed by physical examination.

Acute appendicitis is the most common cause of abdominal pain requiring surgery in children. In most instances the infecting organisms are normal inhabitants of the lumen of appendix . Surgery allows easy microbiological sampling. Aspiration of fluid or pus in a syringe is preferred. Swabs are less suitable and only to be used when sampling with a syringe is not feasible. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of the isolated bacteria and particularly of the anaerobes can be important to adjust therapy in case of the presence of multi resistant bacteria.
The aim of the study was to determine the bacteriological profile of acute appendicitis in children.
Study design is a prospective descriptive study including children hospitalized for acute appendicitis. Tissue samples(a specimen of the appendix), peritoneal fluid swab from the appendicial fossa and the peritoneal exudates (if exists) obtained at surgery from 54 children with suspected acute appendicitis operated at the pediatric surgery unit at the Maternity and Child Teaching Hospital in Al-Diwaniyah province from the period 1st of June 2007 to the end of May 2011, were examined histologically and by culture for aerobic and anaerobic bacteria.
Out of these, 39 boys (72.2%) and 15 ( 27.7% girls). Their age ranged between (1.8-13) years, with a mean of 6.9 years. Of the all patients studied 34 presented with suppurative and phlegmnous appendicitis, 8 with gangrenous appendicitis, 6 with septic complications of appendicitis and 6 had normal appendices. Only 80 of the 108 swabs taken yielded a positive culture (74.07%). Bacteroides species and E.coli were the predominant organisms in most normal and acutely inflamed appendices. Aerobic bacteria were highly sensible to imipenem, amikacin, ceftriaxone and clindamicyn, but it was absolutely resistance to ampicillin. For anaerobic bacteria, sensitivity rates from high to low were chloramphenicol, carbenicillin, metronidazole and clindamycin.
Although in our study no antibiotic regime was changed on the basis of a positive culture swab and the peritoneal culture swabs do not improve immediate postoperative therapy based on surgical impression and rapid histological reporting, however, the routine use of peritoneal culture swabs may be of value in identifying patients requiring outpatient follow-up.

Thirty four cases of Impetigo Contagious collected at period1/11/2008 to 1/6 /2009 with Female: Male ratio of (18:16) with ages (1- 30) The results was found that 26 patients (76.4 %) revealed staphylococcus aureus in laboratory examination . four patients (11.76 %) have shown streptococcus pyogenes , while the remaining (11.76 %) were found to have combined bacteria. This work revealed the interesting similar results of causative agent : staphylococcus aureus is the main pathogen , almost consistent with western literatures.

The effect of dates extracts were determined in human peripheral lymphocyte and monocyte cells using different concentrations of the extracts for three days- there term assay (MTT) was employed. There was no cytotoxic effect of the date extracts on human lymphocyte and monocyte cells. The results showed that the ideal concentrations of different date extracts have a protective effects of tamer (Barhi, Zahdi and Khistawy) to the lymphocyte and monocyte cells and may be that because these date extracts contain antioxidants in various type of dates.

Crab, a kind of marine animal that has a unique status in evolution, has many bioactive substances with special functions. In the present study, we investigated the antitumor effects of four different extracts derived from crab shell (aqueous and methanolic extracts of burned and normal crab shell powder). Aqueous and methanolic extracts of burned crab shell powder were shown to be cytotoxic and inhibit the in vitro proliferation of human laryngeal carcinoma tumor cell lines (Hep-2) and human Rhabdomyosarcoma cell line (RD) and one murine mammary adenocarcinoma tumor cell line (AMN3), in dose and time dependant manner. These results suggest that the burned crab shell powder have an antitumor effect that needs more investigations.

Determination the prevalence of viral, parasitic and bacterial etiology of gastroenteritis in children less than 5 years of age with diarrhea in various hospitals of Baghdad province.
A total of 250 stool samples were collected from various hospitals of Baghdad province .Samples were investigated for bacterial and parasitic enteropathogens using microscopic examination. Bacterial culture of stool samples was done in different culture media including MacConkey, XLD, DCA, TCBS and campylobacter media, TCBS and selenite F broth and bacterial growth was examined by analytical profile index (Api20E) system , commercial antisera and colonies characteristics. Enzyme immunoassays were used to identify Group A rotavirus ,Astrovirus and enteric adenovirus
Out of 250, 106 children (42.4%) were diagnosed as viral infection of which Rotavirus was found in the majority of cases 91 (36.4%), Adenovirus was detected in 15(6%) patients.
bacterial causes were 63 (25.2%) of which 36 (14.4%) were Escherichia coli (ETEC), 12 (4.8%) were Shigella flexneri , 6(2.4%) were Campylobacter jejunii and 9(3.6) were Salmonella enteritidis . Entamoeba histolytica 22 (8.8%) and Giardia lamblia 22 (8.8%) were the most frequent parasite which isolated from all diarrheal stool specimens.
Also from total of 250 samples, 40 samples (16%) were dysenteric stool specimens (bloody diarrhea) and the most common pathogens isolated from dysenteric stool specimens were E.histolytica 22(8.8%), Shigella flexneri 12(4.8%) and Campylobacter jejunii 6 (2.4%).
The current study revealed a high prevalence of rotavirus as most common cause of diarrhoea in children less than 5 years of age.

The present study showed that the gentamicin cause a mild effect to the proximal convoluted tubules at dose of 5 mg/kg for 14 days represented by loss of brush border. Vacuoles of various sizes appeared with flattening and dilatation of the tubules, condensation of nuclear chromatin was observed, with partial detachment of the cells from the basement membrane. In comparison the more clear effect of gentamicin appears at 10 mg/kg dose that included loss of apical surface and detachment of cells from the basement membrane, with nearly complete loss of brush border and increase in number & size of the cytoplasmic vacuoles. Many nuclei with condensed chromatin and nuclear fragmented cells (apoptosis) were located in tubular lumen.
The study concluded that gentamicin has adverse effect on the kidney and renal tubules histology especially in the high dose administration, comparison with low dose that reveal to mild damage.

The present study was conducted to verify the oxidative stress status in asthma patients . To achieve this aim, ninty asthmatic patients, and thirty healthy subjects (control group) were subjected to the study the sample were obatained from Babylon Asthma and Allergy Center in Hilla City .. showed The results of this study in asthmatic patients (men and menopause women ) with steroid inhalation treatment group when compared with control group showed a significant increase of Malondialdehyde (MDA) ,amd a significant decrease of super oxidase dismutase (SOD) and creatine kinase(CK) levels (P < 0.05 ) , wherease there was non significant increase in glutathione-S-transferase (GST), levels( P < 0.05) .
The results of this study for asthmatic patients (men and menopause women ) with steroid inhalation treatment group when compared with asthmatic patients without treatment indicated a significant increasing levels of super oxidase dismutase (SOD) (SOD) , glutathione-S-transferase (GST) of men (P < 0.05) , whereas there was a non significant increase in levels of creatine kinase(CK), glutathione-S-transferase (GST) of menopause women(P<0.05) but there was significant decrease in malondialdehyde (MDA) levels.
In asthmatic patients (men and menopause women ) without treatment group when compared with those of control group estimated significant decrease of super oxidase dismutase (SOD) (SOD) and creatine kinase(CK) level ( P < 0.05) , wherease there was a non significant increase in GST but there was a significant increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) levels ,( P < 0.05) .
The correlation analysis indicated a non significant negative correlation in period of treatment with superoxide dismutase (SOD) and creatine kinase(CK) , as well as a non significant positive correlation for glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and malondialdehyde (MDA) .

To determine whether ultrasonography and MRI images on the basis of their morphologic features and enhancement patterns. could help accurately distinguish benign adnexal masses from malignant .
Between January 2009and December 2011, prospectively studied 80 women (mean age 30 years, range 17 to 70 years) with clinically suspected adnexal masses. A single experienced sonographer performed transabdominal and transvaginal greyscale spectral and colour Doppler examinations. MRI was carried out on a 1.5T system using T1, T2 and fat-suppressed T1-weighted sequences before and after intravenous injection of gadolinium. The adnexal lesions were examined for several features including size, shape, character (solid–cystic), signal intensity, and enhancement.
Secondary signs such as ascites, peritoneal disease, and lymphadenopathy were noted. We compared the imaging features with the surgical and pathologic findings. All MR imaging features were categorized as benign or malignant without knowledge of clinical details, according to the imaging features which were compared with the surgical and pathological findings. .
Sixty four (80%) cases of benign and 16(20%) cases of malignant on histopathology .Mean age (30 year ),size of mass range from 1-14 cm .Both MRI and US correctly diagnosed 11 cases with malignant and false negative diagnosis 1 case with malignant lesion , MRI correctly diagnosed 4 cases with malignant lesions, which on US were thought to be benign ., both MRI and US correctly diagnosed 45 cases with benign lesions . MRI correctly diagnosed 18cases with benign lesion(s), which on US were thought to be malignant. For characterizing lesions as malignant, the sensitivity of MRI were 93.75 %, and of US were 68.75 % , the US features were suggestive of malignancy (large masses and solid-cystic lesions with nodules).
MRI is more sensitive than US for differentiation benign and malignant adnexal masses.

More than half of the patients with obsessive- compulsive disorder (OCD) remain unimproved by Serotonin-Reuptake inhibitors(SSRI).
objective of this study was to examine whether addition of atypical antipsychotic (olanzapine ) to Sertraline is useful for patients with OCD who do not respond to SSRI monotherapy.
1. According to (DSM IV-TR criteria) , 20 patients are diagnosed as OCD and did not responded to Sertraline at dose 100-150mg/day
2. Olanazapine was additional treatment , start 2.5mg/day at first month then 5 mg/day for last two months of study .
3. Treatment response was assessed using the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (YBOCS) at end of each months of study
16 of 20 patients respond to the olanzapine augmented sertraline therapy . The mean baseline YBOCS score of 32.75 dropped to a mean of 21.75 at endpoint for male with reduction 12.81% from baseline.
While in female, the mean baseline YBOCS score of 33.83 dropped to a mean of 21.67 at endpoint with reduction 17.06% from baseline.
Treatment-refractory OCD Patients may benefit from addition of olanzapine to ongoing SSRI therapy.

The three dimensional study of the liver was an aim in the past to unraveling their complex functional mysteries . This scanning electron microscope study showed hepatocytes were polyhedral, multi faced, formed distinct plates of one cell thick. Three distinct facets of hepatocyte surfaces were clearly seen, canalicular surface, intercellular surface and sinusoidal surface. Livers fractured by fingers showed the three dimensions of hepatocytes clearly which were measured about 13µm and 11µm for length and width respectively. This result is on the contrary of the hepatocyte size that mentioned by the famous text books of histology and confirms the recent in vivo studies by the confocal electron microscope.

This work was done to evaluate lipid profile (total cholesterol, HDL-cholestrol, LDL-cholestrol) in plasma of healthy smokers /non-smokers and determined the effect of body mass index (BMI ) on these two groups. Serum levels of evaluate lipid profile (total cholesterol, HDL-cholestrol, LDL-cholestrol) were measured in (105) smokers subjects grouped in three types (normal weight, over weight and obese ) and ( 55) non-smoker subjects grouped in the same way. Lipid profile were estimated by using the enzymatic colorimetric methods for serum in both smoker and non-smoker subjects.
The result revealed that BMI for smoker subjects show significant differences(P<0.01) for three groups (normal weight, over weight and obese ) in the total cholesterol levels in serum and LDL-cholestrol were increased significantly in smoker obese subjects more than in smoker over weight subjects and as compared with smokers normal weight; while the serum levels of HDL-cholestrol were decreased significantly in smoker obese subjects more than in smoker over weight subjects as compared with smokers normal weight, also the results showed that there were significant differences between smokers and non- smoker subjects (P<0.01) in these three types of groups.

This work was done to evaluate IL-6 level , Total white blood cells count , Neutrophils and Eosinophils. Study group included (80) subjects were classified to two groups according to the severity of the psoriasis , mild which include 32 patients, their ages ranged between (9-40) years and sever group which include 48 patients , their ages ranged between (17-75 years) . The control group consist of (30) healthy volunteers , their ages ranged between (9-75) years no symptoms and with no history of psoriasis. Il-6 were estimated by kit The Biosoure Il-6 (EASIA) using a solid phase enzyme amplified sensitivity immunoassay (EASIA) performed on microtiterplate for serum in both mild and sever subjects.
The result revealed that The mean of IL-6 concentration was higher in sever psoriatic group (39.24 pg/ml) than mild psoriatic patients (20.98 pg /ml) with higher significantly at p<0.01 , while the levels of IL-6 in mild psoriatic group showed no significant differences as comparing with healthy control group (p>0.05); while Total white blood cells count of studied group were a significantly increased number of leukocyte in inflammatory skin and psoriasis patients, Neutrophils percentage of studied groups , the current study are similar to those of a significantly increased number of leukocytes in inflammatory skin and psoriasis patients , The mean value levels of patients were significantly higher than those of control s(32.0) pg/ml and (12.64) pg/ml respectively at (p<0.01).