Kufa Journal For Veterinary Medical Sciences

The present study was designed to investigate some histopathological changes produced by methotrexate on kidney in mice and extended to examine whether there using captopril have ability to reduce this toxicity.

Forty mice(20 male and 20 femel) were divided in to 4 groups . The first group received 10mg/kg B.W. of methotrexate I/M twice weekly. The second group received 60mg/kg B.W. of captopril and then received methotrexate. While the third group received captopril alone,While fourth group (control group) received normal saline and the study was continued for (30 days).

Animals which were treated with methotrexate only along the period of experiment showed sever pathological changes, characterized by severe tubular necrosis ,atrophy of glomeruli and dilatation of tubules.Where as oral administration of captopril significantly(p<0.01) reduced these changes .The protective activity of captopril has been resumed via diminishing the renal histopathological changes which associated with methotrexate Toxicity.while there were insignificant differentiated (P<0.01) between the control group and the group recieve of captopril alone.

The study was conducted to determine the effect of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Bacillus subtilis on body weight gain , some serum parameter and salmonella colonization of cecum in broiler chicks.One hundred fifty 1 day old male broiler chicks (Ross breed) were used in experiment ,the chicks were allocated into three groups and the first group as a control in randomized design(basal diet) , the second group ( basal diet with 1% saccharomyces cerevisiae and Bacillus subtilis) ,and the third group ( basal diet with 2% saccharomyces cerevisiae and Bacillus subtilis) birds in each group were fed ad libitum for a period of 38 days.

The result showed that supplementation of saccharomyces cerevisiae and Bacillus subtilis 1% and 2% to the basal diet decrease cholesterol significantly ( p≤0.05) at 29 and 38 days and increase total protein p≤0.05)at 39 days , with no significant differences in another in blood parameters such as blood glucose and albumin.

Body weight of treated groups significantly different( p≤0.05) at 29 and 38 days of age compared with control group.

The results showed that saccharomyces cerevisiae and Bacillus subtilis decreased the number of Salmonella count of the cecal content of treated groups(38 days old) than control.

during the period from 1/1/2009 to 30/12/2009, to show the prevalence of hydatid cysts among the slaughtered animals .The study sample include(60430 sheep, 31375 goats,19430 cattle ,2526 buffaloes and 4147 camel).The morbidity of hydatidosis was 13.53 % (3789 animal from 117908) among the whole slaughtered animals ,with a value of 4.4 % in cattle , 3.6 % in buffalo , 4.18 % in sheep , 1.12 % in goat , 0.23 % in camel . the highest infection rate in cattle, buffalo ,and camel was in spring , while in sheep & goat was in summer . The study also show that highest infection rate of cattle with liver hydatidosis was in March (5.21 %) ,of buffalo was in April( 8.07 %), of sheep was in September( 4.01 %) ,of goat in October (1.22 %), of camel in March(1.38 %) . The highest infection rate in cattle with lung hydatidosis was in February( 2.35 %) , in buffalo in May(3.58 %) , in sheep in July(2.72 %) , in goat in October (0.59 %) , and there is no infection in camel through the year .

The inoculation of Salmonella .typhimurium for dogs to show its effect on their stomach , that all dogs became severely ill following inoculation, also all animals were die during one weak.

The histopathological changes showed mucosal metaplasia which included ; sever vaculation of mucosa and increased mucous glands at the base of lamina properia due to site of entry of Salmonella , as well as the increased number of mucous gland which give the secretory area of stomach as finger like projection, also in other section showed as intestinlization . In other part of stomach mucosa showed atrophy, and appear cystic dilatated mucus glands.

Moreover, lesion included the thickened muscularis and pyloric region with edema in sub mucosa, also the mucosa of the fundus and pyloris showed inflammatory cell infiltration following salmonellosis.

The aim of this study was the study the effect of supplementation of hens layer ration with 3% of Nigella sativa seeds on egg characteristics and some biochemical blood parameters .

Atotal of 40 Isa brown birds of 30 at age were randomly divided into two groups(20 hens for each group) .The first group (control) feeding on standerd diet along the expermintal period .The second group (treatment) feeding on standerd diet with 3% of Nigella sativa along the expermintal period .

The chemical egg charactaries included the percentage of chemical analysis for white and egg yolk in the two groups were moisture,ash,lipid,protein, charbohydrates, cholesterol concentration,high density lipo protein,low density lipo protein and free fatty acid in egg yolk.

The biochemical blood parameters included cholesterol concentration ,high and low density lipo proteins ,total protein,uric acid concentration and liver enzymes concentration GOT,GPT,ALP.

The data showed there was no significant differences(p>0.05) in the percentage of chemical analysis of egg white between two groups and in the percentage of moisture and ash in the egg yolk in the two treatments.highly significant in the charbohydrates and protein in the egg yolk in the group which treated with 3% of Nigella sativa.

The data obtained to the significant reduction in the cholesterol concentration and free fatty acid and low density lipo protein in egg yolk in the treatment group compared with control,higly significant (p<0.05) in high density lipo proteins in the egg yolk of treatment group.

In the biochemical blood parameters the result showed to the present of significant reduction in the cholesterol concentration ,low density lipoproteins and liver enzymes GOT,GPT and highly significant in high density lipoproteins,total blood protein and ALP enzyme in the treatment group compared with the control.

This study showed to that the addition of 3%Nigella sativa seeds to the hens layer ration lead to reduction in the cholesterol concentration and lipid in eggs and blood and increase in protein concentration in egg and blood .The use of Nigella sativa as feed additives lead to improved the productional and physiological performance in the poultry,in addition to that the safe the customer from the artificial and the chemical materials which added to the poultry ration for improve the production from egg and meat.

The study aimed to evaluate the effect of GnRH on the reproductive traits of fully mature layers chicks (31week). The study involved (36) chicks, shiefers breed , which were divided randomly in to three equal groups (n=12).The groups were treated with weekly intramuscular (I.M) injection in the thigh muscle for five successive week as indicated below:- (T1) control group :0.2 ml distilled water , T2 group:- 0.1 ml GnRH and T3 group :0.2ml GnRH . The study showed a high significant difference (p<0.01) in the reproductive trait of T2 group (78%) as compared to T1 and T3 group .The T1showed a slight increased than T3 group 68.86% ,65.98% respectively . Blood sample have been collected, directly from the heart, serum was separated for estimation of LH hormone by ELISA.

There was no significant differences in LH level among the three variant groups .

It was concluded from this study that GnRH have an effect in improvement of reproductive trait of layer chicks.

The present study was conducted to investigate the antimicrobial of fruit of Rhus coriaria (Sumac) .Various constituents (alkaloids ,glycosides,phenol and terpenoids) were extracted and separated then submitted for the determination of their antimicrobial activity against Pseudomonas aurogenosa, Staphylococci aureus and Candida albicans. Extracts of R.coriaria at 100 mg/ml, exhibited inhibition zones ranged, 0-27, 20-25, 20-24 and 9-23 mm of alkaloids, glycosides, phenols and terpenoids respectively. These results indicate that R.coriaria have antibacterial and antifungal activity in vitro.

This study is aimed to investigate the effect of Zingiber Officinali roots infusion on some physiological parameters in broilers. 40 birds at age one day were divided into two groups (each group has 20 birds) : 1 .Control group administrated distal water. 2. The treatment group administrated the infusion of Zingiber officinali roots orally at dose 100 mg/kg.B.W. for 6 weeks . At the end of experiment , blood samples were taken from brachial vein from ten birds of each groups for hematological and biochemical tests. The following physiological parameters were studied: Hemoglobin concentration , packed cell volume , glucose concentration, cholesterol concentration , body weight and food intake. The results showed significant increase (P < 0.05)in hemoglobin concentration and packed cell volume in treatment group that compared with control , and there was significant decrease (P < 0.05) in cholesterol and glucose concentration in serum of treatment group that compared with control , however . There was no significant effect of Zingiber officinali roots infusion on body weight and food intake.

This study was designed to compare the morphology and vascularization between the implantation of skin autografts of rabbits and skin sheep heterografts in rabbits .

The morphological and histological results indicated that skin autografts was more benefit than skin sheep heterografts due to the differences of the type of animals and formation of antibodies against the foreign antigens.

Methotrexate (MTX ) is commonly used for the treatment of certain cancers including but not limited to leukemia, Hodgkin's disease and head and neck cancers and causes reproductive damage in mice. The aim of this research, is to study the effects of catechin aqueous extract on some parameters of sperms and histopathological changes in testis of mice treated with methotrexate. Thirty-two adult albino male mice were divided into four groups, (8 mice in each group) First group was (negative control) received normal saline intraperitoneally, while second group was treated with extract of catechin as positive control. The third group was treated with methotrexate (50 μg/kg). The fourth group was treated with methotrexate (50 μg/kg) also (ip) and extract of catechin 6g/kg for 21 days. The results showed significant (P<0.05) decrease in sperms motility , increased percentage of dead sperms and abnormalities of sperms in mice treated with MTX, there was significant (P<0.05) decrease in diameters of seminiferous tubules, primary spermatocytes and spermatids, increased interstitial spaces as compared with control, while in the second group result showed significant (P<0.05) increase in sperms motility , decreased percentage of dead and abnormalities of sperms and significant (P<0.05) increase in diameters of seminiferous tubules, primary spermatocytes and spermatids and decrease interstitial spaces compared with first and third groups.

The present study included of six groups of femals mouse injecting with cells from murine mammary adenocarcinoma subcutaneously, three groups as treated and the others as control groups. The first group, Which was treated with BCG and injection of virulence Newcastle disease virus(NDV) intraperitonealy (I.P),showed prominent suppression of tumor statistically significant with ( 53 % ) compared with group of negative control and (46%) compared with group of positive control . The groups treated with (NDV),shown increase of relative tumor volume(RTV) compared with tumor size at the start of treatment but these increased lower than increased will be occurs in untreated groups. Grossly,The treated tumor characterized by small in size,firm compared with tumor size in untreated groups.Histopathological examination of the treated tumor showed wide areas of necrosis associated with lymphocytic ,plasmic and macrophagic infiltration.

Fifty seven samples of milk and infant formula were taken to isolate Bacillus cereus. The percentage of these bacteria was 6.5% and 15% in milk and 22.2% in infant formula. Polymyxine pyruvate egg yolk mannitol bromothymol blue agar (PEMBA) and blood agar were conducted to grow B. cereus in this study. Colony morphology onPEMBA and Blood agar were used along with gram staining and spore staining methods to compare the morphological and microscopically features with the standard strain. The importance of intensity and severity of this organism in food poisoning due to ingestion of incriminated milk and milk products led to this study.

The understanding of the presence and distribution of B. cereus discovered the contamination spots inBaghdad markets and the farms inBaghdad districts to make the authorities able to diagnose these contamination areas in order to control and prevent the infection.

The aim of this study is to reveal the availability of B. cereus in milk and infant formula in the local dairy farms and the markets of the districts inBaghdad.

One day old straight chicks ( Fawbro ) were used to study the effect of low light intensity during the hot hours on the day on some productive and physiological traits of broilers reared under high cyclic temperature ( 28-36-28 cْ ). Two treatments were used as follows ( T1) the birds were exposed to lower light intensity 0.5 -0.7 Lux for 12 hours during the hot period on the day (9 a.m. to 9 p.m . ) and followed by 15-16 Lux for 12 hours ( 9 p.m to9 a.m ) . ( T2) the birds were exposed for constant light intensity 15-16 Lux for 24 hours continuously .

Result revealed low light intensity 0.5-0.7 Lux significantly ( p<0.05 ) increased the average of body weight at 8 weeks of age , quantity of consumption feed and total weight gain means during the period 4-8 weeks of age . as result revealed significantly decrease ( p<0.05) in mortality and Heterophils / Lymphocytes ( H / L ) ratio for low light intensity ( T1 ) compared with ( T2 ) that light intensity 15-16 Lux for 24 hr.

Present study aimed to explore the ability of Trigonella foenium graceum (TFG) and Emblica officinalis (EO) extracts inducing the analgesic effect in comparison with diclofenac acid, Analgesic activity was assessed thermally as well as chemically induced pain by using hot plate test and formalin test. For hot plate experiment twenty albino mice were used of average weight 20g, randomly divided into four groups (5 each) and given TFG and EO extracts and diclofenac acid and mixture of TFG and EO orally at doses of 50mg/kg B.W, 250mg/kg B.W, 2mg/kg B.W and mixture of half doses of TFG and EO (25mg/kg B.W and 125mg/kg B.W respectively. TFG and EO extracts apart caused a significant increase in the reactive time to the thermal stimulus.For formalin experiment twenty five mice were used of average weight 20gm, randomly divided into five groups (5 each) and given TFG and EO extracts apart and mixture of half doses of both orally at same doses mentioned in hot plate experiment before the injection of 10 microliter ( μL) of 2% of formalin have showed a significant antinociceptive effect at the phases (early and late) and this may be attributed to their inhibitory effect on the nociceptive system and inflammatory mediators.

The stude aimed to make some tests and chemical quality of some imported meat toiraqto identify its suitability for human consumption onsumption and included five types of meat , these kinds (awal Indian, fletcher Australian , niereaUruguay, aliffa Indian , alfakherbrazil). The results showed the chemical tests and a significact difference in the ratio of moisture to the meat awal meat samples from the rest of the other at the level of en probability (p<0.01) and moisturecontent was high in all meat samples of the five types. As itturned outthat there is significant difference in the percentage of fat between the meat of all ttypes under study and all of these rations mnkqdq for natural birth .did not show significant defferences in the proportion of ash , protein and carbohydrates.the tests of quality have shown samples of meat-type flether a significant difference in the rate of dyecollege compared to the rest of the otherspecies at the level of probability (p<0.05 )and showed meat awal a significant difference in the degree of acidity in comparison of liquid nadh and volatile fatty acids and nitrogen and total acid number and peroxide number laoparpetthi within the limits allowable.

The study concluded the discovery and investigation of the ability of bacteria bacillus subtilus to produce the secondary metabolism ( antibiotic ) and to consider its activity in dampening the growth of pathogenic microorganism which is represented by (Klebsiella pneumonia , Escherichia coli , Pseudomonas aerogenosa , and Staphellococcus aureus) and fungi, yeast e.g. (Candida albicansg, Cryptococcus neoformans).

We also used different consentration from CFU in the contrastive study . The activity increased to reach its maximum at the concentration 100 mg/ ml which has the ability to dampen all types of bacteria by diameters dampening which ranged from (0.9-20) mm , while the fungi and yest diameter damping which ranged from (18.6-30.2) mm. And also the value of MIC and MBC was specified.

The present study was designed to provide basic data about the anatomical features of the tongue in adult rams. The tongue was consisting from three parts: apex, body and root. The apex was nearly round with its rounded margin the apex increased gradually in width and thickness and then narrowest in the beginning of the body. The body was larger part of the tongue, begins narrow and then gradually increased in width and thickness until reach into beginning of root and then returns to narrowing. The root was last one and shorter part of tongue, which slopes ventrally and caudally toward the base of the epiglottis, and its width and thickness were nearly equal to the apex.

There were five different forms of lingual papillae of tongue of rams, the filiform, fungiform, conical, lenticular and circumvallate papillae distributed on the surfaces of the tongue.

The filiform papilla was soft horny threadlike structure inclined toward the posterior of the tongue. It was the smallest in size and most dominant from of pillae. The fungiform papilla was round, convex, mushroom-like papillae. The two forms of papillae were distributed on the dorsal and ventral surfaces of the apex and the body of tongue, with the decrease in number and increase in size when directed toward the body of tongue.

The conical papilla was conical in shape with several sizes (small, middle, and large) conical papillae, found rostral to the torus linguae. The lenticular papilla was convex lens in shape found in the middle part of torus linguae. The circumvallate papilla was round to oval in shape, surrounded by deep papillary groove and annular pad found on the lateral side to torus linguae arranged in two rows has, V, shape. The three forms papillae (conical, lenticular and circumvallate) were found on the dorsal surface of the caudal part of the body. The dorsal surface of the root of tongue was devoid from any papillae.