Al-Qadisiyah Medical Journal

Aims
The purposefulness of this search remained to evaluate the consequence of the green (532 nm) (LLLT) for process the skin healing into rats using two different energies. The study demonstrated the effect of low level laser to optimize the process of tissue repair.

Materials and methods
Forty five male ratswere used in this work of age (2-3 months) .The animals were divided into: three groups: Nine rats, without irradiation, considered as a controlgroup.
The further thirty six of Rats irradiation by laser, employing green laser light of wavelength 532 nm, output power of 100 mW.Twodifferent dosages( 11.4, 5.7) J/cm2) remained engaged on a superficial wound on animal's every day. Wound restorative evaluation was doneafter the 1, 3, and 7th irradiations.

Results and conclusion
The wound samples directed rapid remedial the afterward day next the initial irradiation, aimed at together dosages. An only dosage of passable quantity of dosages is effective in treatment procedures deprived of wound scar creation.

Background:
Autism spectrum disorder is a heterogeneous behavioral disorder characterized by qualitative deficits in social communication and interaction and restricted, repetitive behavioral patterns, activities, and interests. The assessment and management of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is complex and therefore requires continuous efforts for developing evidence-based guidelines for the screening, diagnosis, and treatment of ASD. This research aims to study auditory brainstem response (ABR) in autistic children as a potential biomarker that could detect autism during early childhood.
Patients and methods:
The study was conducted on 60 preschool children comprised 11 females and 49 males who were recruited from the autism center and the pediatric neurology ward who met the DSM-IV criteria for autism in the Pediatric Hospital. Those with hearing , epileptic syndromes, psychotic illness, or other affective disorder were excluded from the study. Their mean age was 4.5±1.17 years. Another 50 (40 males and ten females) age- and gender-matched normally-developed children serve as the control group.. Childhood Autism Rating Scale used , audiological studies were performed with emphasis on ABR by a consultant of audiology.
Results:
Statistical analysis was done on the results and the study showed Wave V latency and I-V IPL of the brainstem auditory evoked potentials were significantly prolonged in both ears of autistic children when compared to the control group. The III-V IPL of the right but not the left ear was prolonged in patients with autistic children as compared to the controls. None of the wave latencies or IPL were associated with gender or severity for both right and left ears.
Conclusion:
There are distinct changes in BAEP in ASD children, especially the abnormal prolongation of conduction time, suggesting that ASD children may have brainstem dysfunction ,can be part of a generalized neurological dysfunction process that explains a change in the social, cognitive, language which are part of autistic behavior.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most severe endocrine disease in females of reproductive age. Hormone imbalance due to increased levels of androgen (male hormone) , Symptoms including irregular menstrual periods, hirsutism, ovarian cysts can detected by an ultrasound. Objective:- The aims of the study were to assess the levels of HSP70 in PCOS patients' sera and compare them to those in the control group, as well as investigate their relationship with hormonal biomarkers and insulin resistance
Subjects and Method :- A case-control study involved 81 females in reproductive age [18-45 years old], 50 of them were diagnosed with polycystic ovarian syndrome, while another 31 were healthy controls. The samples were collected in the morning fasting state from November 2020 to May 2021, and HSP70 levels were analyzed using ELISA technique from Bioassay Lab company in China. Biochemical variables BMI calculated weight divided by square height in meter (Kg/m2) hormonal LH, FSH, Testosterone had been measured by fluorescence Immunoassay ( Boditech – Korea), FBG level was measured by spectrophotometer (Liner-SPAIN), F insulin level was measured jn Cobas e 411 (Roche-Germany).
Result :- The mean HSP70 levels (ng/ml) in the patients group were significantly higher than in the controls group (P<0.001). in addition In comparison to healthy groups, hormonal biomarkers such as Testosterone, LH, LH/FSH Ratio, and metabolic biomarkers such as FBG, F Insulin, HOMA-IR, HbA1c, and BMI were shown to be significantly higher in patients. also found positive significant correlation between HSP70 and IR , F insulin in P≤0.05, p<0.001 respectively.
conclusion :- HSP70 level is increase in PCOS patient and had positive correlation with IR, F insulin level. and a significant high level of the all hormonals and parameters including LH, total testosterone ,FBG , F insulin and HbA1c were found in women with PCOS as compared with the control, except the FSH values was decrease.The increase in HSP70 levels in sera of women with PCOS associated with increased risk of metabolic disorder and their complication in increase the infertility.

Background: It is worth to mention that the ToGA trial published article described a relatively longer median survival for patients with positive expression of her2/neu in comparison with the overall trend of patients with such malignant tumor questioning the possibility of good prognostic implication of her2/neu gene amplification in association with gastro-esophageal junction tumors. This opinion is indeed in contrast to the observations of other authors who concluded that gene amplification and protein overexpression is associated with poor prognostic implication.
Aim of the study: The lack of consensus in available medical literatures concerning the role of her2/neu overexpression in association with gastric cancer justified the conduction and planning of the current study aiming at inferring a more clear judgment about such role.
Materials and methods: A search in the Google internet search engine was made using the key words gastric cancer and her2/neu. Any relevant medical publication containing these key words was considered seriously and studied thoroughly. The study was aiming at inclusion of researches with statistically adequate sample size and those which were published during the last three to four decades. Inclusion criteria included those articles that evaluated her2/neu overexpression by genetic or immune histochmeistry techniques and those containing an association between her2/neu overexpression and prognosis of gastric cancer measured directly be survival rate or indirectly by other prognostic markers such as grade of the disease, stage of the disease, lymphatic and or gastric invasion and distant metastasis.
Results: The studies that fulfilled the inclusion criteria were 11 studies and out of them, 3 studies mentioned no significant role for her2/neu, whereas, 8 of them were on the contrary. Therefore, most of previous studies, 8 out of 11 (72.7 %), provided insight to the poor prognostic association between her/2neu protein expression and gene amplification and gastric cancer.
Conclusion: The role of her/2neu protein expression and gene amplification in gastric cancer appears to be significant in predicting poor prognosis because of their association in the majority of previous studies with poor survival and or with indirect poor prognostic characteristics.

Laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) has become the standard method for the removal of a diseased gallbladder. The technique most commonly employed is the infundibular approach which entails dissecting the gallbladder (GB) from it's neck upward, after dissecting the cystic artery and cystic duct using laser or electrocautery. Common bile duct (CBD) injury is one of the most serious complications of LC. Misidentification of the bile duct during dissection of the Calot's triangle can lead to such injuries.
The critical view of safety (CVS) has been recently discussed in controlled study, it is characterized by dissection of the upper part of the Calot's space, which does not usually contain arterial or biliary anomalies so it is ideal for a safe dissection even in less experienced hands.
Key Words :

in the treatment of stone impacted in the ureter have different method one of these was uretroscopy. many of urologist have a controversy of usage of double -J after operation , one of them refuse the option and other remained it important .
By used a scoring a many patient from many urologist in al_Karkh hospital and compared them as
1. Very long time of urological operation ' (0.001)
2 . At least stone freeing ratio ( p= 0.0.1) .
3. about complication like haematura ' p=(0.001) urinary tract infection p= (0.001) any irritation of bladder p=(0.001).
4. There was no difference in score between double- J or not about hospitaltion and generalised fever .
5. increase of score found in readmission in non-double- J. group .
6. failed in clearance of stone in double- J.
7. double- J. succes in stop of unplanned hospital stay.

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a very well known metabolic disorder in daily clinical practice affecting males and females equally and no age is immune against its occurrence. The metformin therapy is the first line therapy and the response to it shows significant individual variation. The role of pharmacogenomics in predicting response to treatment is recently widely accepted by medical professionals.
Aim of the study: The current review was aiming at identifying the main genes enrolled in response to metformin treatment in type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Materials and methods: The current review was done in College of Medicine/ University of Al-Qadisiyah and involved the search in the Google search engine about the following key words: pharmacogenomics, type 2 diabetes mellitus, metformin. The studies that were published with this respect during the last 20 years were enrolled. Any article dealing with use of metformin for other indications other than diabetes mellitus of type 2.
Results: The metformin pharmacogenetics field has coalesced to form the MetGen Consortium. In a meta-analysis of 10,557 participants with a harmonised measure of metformin response, a genome-wide statistically significant association was observed at the SNP rs8192675, in an intron of the GLUT2 glucose transporter, encoded by SLC2A2 and expressed in hepatocytes. The only member of biguanide class remains in clinical practice is metformin. However, it is regarded as the first line pharmacological agent to be used in control of hyperglycemia in type 1 DM.
Conclusion: The response to metformin showed significant variation in response based on HbA1c% results in diabetic patients treated with it as a first line anti-diabetic medication and tailoring dose with respect to gene polymorphism may provide better therapeutic results.

platelet-rich-plasma is increasingly used in planter fasciitis. This study show the clinical outcomes of a single PRP injections.
Method:
This study was done between Dec. 2015 and Oct. 2016, thirty patient receive single injection of platelet-rich –plasma All patients underwent prospective clinical evaluation, including visual analog scale (VAS) for pain for six month follow up .
Results:
most of the patient (VAS) significantly improve from 5.7,to 2.0 (p > 0.05) after injection with platelet-rich –plasma .
Conclusions: PRP injections in planter fasciitis showed better improvement in outcomes .