journal of Basic Sciences

Al-Jahiz is one of the few competent people who owned the language, and won a high linguistic fluency that enabled him to own the forelock of the language, and helped him to derive formulas, and generate meanings that the language did not know before Al-Jahiz, and did not respond to anyone else.
And the aspirant in the huge legacy of Al-Jahiz finds many of these formulas and meanings that set him apart from others, prompted by his audacity and his belief in his thought, which allowed his tongue to use in his writings what was not in the Arabic word, and it was not mentioned in the dead dictionaries and texts of the language.
And from here it was reported to me - after reading the books of the visual boy Al-Jahiz - that in his style there is a strangeness and in his compositions tact, and he often comes with a word that is the focus of doubt and suspicion in the rules and norms of Arabic, so I found a material that is qualified for discussion and discussion in the morphological, grammatical and semantic side, and I called it "tolerance" Al-Jahiz's Linguist" to stand on this feature, which Al-Jahiz made more of in his writings

The motive behind the selection of the texts of the opening poems and passages of the journey is due to the fact that the opening is the first step of creativity in which the poet empties his emotions and formulas of his psychological expressions extending to the passages of the journey and its expressive outlets expressing the poetic experience
The formulas of psychological conflict represented by the antagonistic dichotomies (life and death), (past and present), (hope and despair), (steadiness and transformation), and other formulas of deprivation, courage and separation, nostalgia, awe and desire try to hold an equation between the state of the poet and the witness of the poetic text. Similar to his will and the specificity of his psychological suffering, which varies from one poet to another, and the formulas of psychological conflict can be viewed as an objective and psychological equivalent, but rather a manifestation of alienation from oneself, the search for stability, a way out of a stressful situation, and access to a sense of salvation.

This paper examines the formation, derivation, and function of the feminine suffix –t as an indicator of gender and other grammatical roles in Standard Arabic morphology. This suffix is attached at the end of certain nouns, verbs, and other forms to signal feminine gender. In the inflectional and derivational morphology of standard Arabic, the t- suffix is used at the end of masculine nouns to create feminine nouns, at the end of the verb forms to signal feminine gender and number. This suffix, however, has been an object of medieval controversial debates across the Arabic traditional grammarians. There had been two aspects of argument concerning this suffix, those who supported the claim that –t suffix signals feminine gender, and those who supported the claim that –t suffix signals emphatic meanings. This paper, therefore, draws on these debates and it attempts to reach conclusions in relation to this.

Al-Zamakhshari’s book Al-Mufassal was carefully studied by modern and later scholars, some of whom explained its text, and some of them explained its verses. These explanations have a set of methodological and explanatory features, including general features that all commentators shared, and some that are specific to each commentator. This study will show the most prominent of these features, and stand on the most important results.

The research deals with the study of the biography of a great scholar in the Islamic world who served science, scholars, and the Islamic library throughout his life.
This research also deals with the editing the comments of Mulla Khidr bin Muhammad al-Haidari on the interpretation of Ayat al-Nur by al-Baydawi, which is considered one of the precious books and has a precise scientific method that only the elite students of knowledge can understand, and it needs an explanation of its precise phrases that were composed by the scholar Sheikh Mulla Khidr bin Muhammad al-Haidari.
The research showed the important aspects of the author's life, clarifying the ambiguous phrases in the comments and referencing the transmitted sayings to their authors according to what scientific research requires.
The research came out with results that benefit every student for the efforts exerted by the Kurdish scholars in general, and the life of this great scholar - may God have mercy on him - in particular, and: Mulla Khidr bin Muhammad was an educator, preacher, teacher and mufti, and among them: that these comments are dominated by transmission, collection and approximation, and analysing Difficult, ambiguous and poor phrases. including: that the author combined in his comments between interpretation by tradition and interpretation by opinion, and he relied on language, grammar and rhetoric very much, including: those kind and precise references that he extracted from the folds of the texts of the Holy Qur’an and the interpretation of (Anwar Al-Tanzil and Asrar Al-Ta'weel ) of Imam Al-Baydawi (may Allah's mercy be upon him .

This study is based on the balance between the two dictionaries of Jamharat al-Lugha by Ibn Duraid (d. And the similarity between these two lexicons, although they belong to different lexical schools.

In Islam, professions, occupations, and crafts have been highly appreciated and recognized, and this was mainly supported by the fact that work and living-making were considered a worship-like practice. Worship in Islam is not only a physical or spiritual ritual, but also a moral strife for knowledge. This means a Muslim individual should seek support and should not be confined to spiritual or scholarly experience. In this respect, prophetic tradition, or the sayings, accounts, and versions narrated or related by the Prophet Muhammed on various occasions, had also drawn on the importance and necessity of work and why one should make living. Many prophetic traditions, therefore, have been found to have praised occupations, craftsmen, and professionals. Profession, additionally, has not only been concerned with finding a job or making living, but it has also been concerned with refining one’s work and delivering it in as best form as possible. Muslim scholars and jurists, in the same vein, have contributed to this by proposing ideas and tips on how to better work, why one should make living, and why this matters.

This research is part of a doctoral dissertation conducted on Quranic approaches to international reconciliations and dispute resolutions. The research examines most issues relating to reconciliation and arbitration between Islamic States and others. The nature of the study required that the research follow an analytical substantive approach with a view to familiarizing itself with and deepening the meaning of each of the two words: Reconciliation, arbitration, and related topics through the Quranic texts contained in the subject matter of the study and its analysis, the statement of the statements of scholars and interpreters thereon, drawing on Islamic sources and references, as well as the research on the issue of Muslims' access to non-Islamic courts and accession to international organizations. Finally, the research reached several conclusions: the origin of international relations in Islam is peace and stability between countries and peoples, and disputes have been dealt with by Islam in peaceful ways.

Eye in certain cultural and religious beliefs stands for envy which is the concern of this paper. This paper, therefore, examines seeing or eyeing as a sort of envy through a cross-cultural, cross-linguistic, and cross-religious examination of the ideologies, beliefs, references, and senses related to envy. Envy is to wish someone bad luck or fortune due to the possession or dispossession of a certain thing, quality, or object. In many cultures and traditions, looking or eyeing is believed to cause bad luck, danger, or undesirable fate. It is very common that some people believe in envy. This paper, accordingly, addresses this issue by highlighting the reasons, effects, and consequences of such human acts. The study, finally, reaches some conclusions and results.

This study explores the life of a great scholar among the scholars of Islamic world. This distinguished scholar, who has spent nearly sixty years in serving knowledge and science, has written many valuable books. Consequently, his writings have offered a great service to the Islamic library and many great scholars were learned and educated on his hands.
In this research, an intensive investigation has been made on those footnotes that this scholar has written on a number of the holy Quran verses, in the interpretation that was written by Abdulla Ibn-Ahmed Al-Nafasy. It is considered one of the most valuable books. It has an accurate academic style and only a group of exceptional scholars can understand it, for understanding the terms and concepts they are in need of these footnotes that “Gozapanky” scholar has written.
The study resolves these footnotes which mostly have been taken from sources, footnotes, and reliable enlightenments for explaining “the places of knowing the holy Quran and explaining its truth”. Accordingly, it was done by rewriting the text as the writer wanted to, then confirming the academic material from various aspects of the reliable sources, and simplifying these footnotes for readers and researchers, as a service and an easier way of taking benefit from it.
The research explains the unknown aspects of the author’s life and the obvious places of the footnotes. It also referred the derived quotes to their owners as is required in scientific research.
This paper comes up with a number of results which in general benefit all the researchers of the Kurdish scholar lives and their efforts this great scholar in particular, including: “Mala Salh Gozapany” has been an educator, a Daii, a teacher, and a Mufti, too. The commentary involves quoting, collecting, and making concise that solve the difficult and the vague terms. The author, in his footnotes, has combined the interpretation of the Prophet’s companions and his interpretation These footnotes mention those distinguished signs that are taken from the holy Quran and the interpretation of “the places of knowing the holy Quran and explaining its truth”.

China’s economic superiority and accelerated growth have made it the largest competing economic force of the United States of America in the world. In view of the Middle East region’s attractions of conflicting powers over its wealth, which has made the presence of all forces in it. This, additionally, pushed China to compete with the American presence and try and eliminate the American role in the region. To this end, China has adopted a model for its economic growth through foreign trade surpluses, which naturally leads to monetary protectionist policies, not to mention the pursuing a soft power strategy to achieve its influence unlike the United States of America which adopts a solid power strategy which strains the state budget. China has realized that winning economic competition is not possible unless it possesses geostrategic influence capable of attributing its economic rise, which is energy, and also needs political relations with exporting countries and the corridor, which requires its military presence to protect those supplies.

Georgie Plekhanov has embraced Marxist philosophy in theory and practice and is one of the first Russian philosophers to try to convey Marxist experience within the Russian environment. What Plekhanov's philosophy of history is its historical materialism to social reality, and its firm belief in the unilateralism of reality or inclusiveness of reality. In this regard, Plekhanov revised the perception of philosophical thinking in Russia and his perceptions of Marxism, with the aim of presenting Marxism with its correct origins to its members. His work, however, cannot be reduced to merely delivering the right Marxism to Russian society. Moreover, he has engaged in prolonged debates and intellectual conflicts with the various currents of thought he has contemplated, seeking to create the social and intellectual ground for the transition toward socialism.

This study analyzes introduction sections in selected bibliographies on religious orders, ideologies, and doctrines. This paper, however, makes no emphasis on the ideological content in these bibliographies, but rather, on the formal and technical presentation of these introduction sections. A preliminary observation of some of these introduction sections shows that some introductions are detailed, others are summaries, and some others are in-between. To realize how introduction sections were composed in these bibliographies, the paper sets three key aims; how these introduction sections were composed, why certain introduction sections are different, and what methodologies were followed in such composition. Undoubtedly, the authors’ ideologies have affected the way these introduction sections were composed. As early as the 900s-1000s A.D., many works were authored on religious ideologies and orders across the Arab and Muslim territories, at times when politically motivated and unmotivated religious and sectarian disagreements were high. The bibliographies, therefore, authored at that time on sects, orders, and religions reflected the author-specific attitudes towards that religion or this order.

This paper aims to evaluate the performance of educational supervisors following the re-engineering managerial practices (RMP). To do so, an analytical descriptive approach has been followed in research design and methodology. The researcher designed a three-level 24-item scale to test RMPs. The scale, then, was circulated to 229 (males=128/ females=101) in-service primary principals actively engaged on duty throughout the school calendar 2019-2020. The sample is representative of the relevant subjects by about 41%. The processing of the respondents’ replies into a statistical computation indicated only 226 replies were valid and three replies were void. Test findings suggested that the performance of educational supervisors following the RMP scale has been higher than average mean

This paper aims at investigating educational learning for sustainable development (hence, SD) in kindergartens from the viewpoints of kindergarten teachers. To this end, the researcher followed a descriptive methodology of analysis. The sample of the data included kindergarten women teachers actively in-service across the Karkh Directorate of Education, Baghdad, in the school calendar 2022-2023. A randomized selection of sampling was adopted in the data analysis where 150 teachers of 20 kindergartens have been selected as subjects. The analytical tool designed is a three-item sustainable development scale (kindergarten-specific sustainable development, methodology/curricula-specific sustainable development, and educational service-specific sustainable development). To verify test reliability and validity, a T-test was applied to a sample, and two T-tests were applied to two independent samples. Test findings indicated that;

1.Educational education in kindergartens works to achieve sustainable development from the teacher's point of view.
2.There is no difference in sustainable development in kindergartens through educational education from teachers’ viewpoints according to the specialization variable (kindergartens - other disciplines).
3.There are teams for sustainable development in kindergartens through educational education from the point of view of female teachers on the basis of the variable years of service (10 years and less - 11 years and above) and for the benefit of female teachers with 11 years of service and above.
The above findings recommend that the researcher:
4.Children's sustainable development must be promoted. Kindergarten teachers must foster sustainability in kindergarten children and encourage them to do so.
To complement the research, the researcher came up with a series of proposals:
1.Conduct a study aimed at building a test for the sustainable development of primary school students.
2.Conduct a study to reveal the relationship between sustainable development and conscientious thinking in kindergartens

The research aimed to identify the impact of teaching nodal analysis using divergent thinking strategies on the achievement of fourth grade students in the Department of Mathematics, College of Education for Pure Sciences. A zero hypothesis was formulated to verify this goal. The research was applied in the academic year 2022-2023 on a sample of fourth-grade students in the Department of Mathematics / College of Education for Pure Sciences. The sample reached (131) male and female students, with (67) male and female students for the experimental group that studied the strategy based on divergent thinking. And (64) male and female students for the control group that studied in the usual way. The researchers prepared an achievement test consisting of (20) test items of the multiple-choice type, and we measure the five Bloom levels (remembering, understanding, application, analysis, structure), and the validity of the apparent and content was verified. Codder Richardson coefficient - 20 for the data 0.73, and the SPSS program was used to analyze the data using the t-test for two independent samples, and the results showed the ability to teach using divergent thinking strategies in the achievement of fourth grade students.The research presented a set of recommendations and proposals complementary to this research

In this paper, the effect of the couple–stress and other variables on the peristaltic flow of Sutterby fluid in an inclined asymmetric channel containing a porous medium with heat transfer is examined. In the presence of rotation and couple–stress , mathematical modeling is developed using constitutive equations based on the model of Sutterby fluid. In flow analysis, assumptions such as long wavelength approximation and low Reynolds number are used. The resulting nonlinear equation was numerically solved using the perturbation method. The effects of various physical parameters such as the couple-stress parameter, the Grashof number, the Hartmann number, the Reynold number, the Froude number, the Hall parameter, the Darcy number, the magnetic field, the Sutterby fluid parameter, and heat transfer analysis on velocity distribution and the pressure gradient are analyzed graphically. Utilizing MATHEMATICA software, numerical results were computed.

In this article, the effect of the couple-stress , slip condtion, and the rotation variable and other variables on the peristaltic flow of Powell-Eyring fluid in an inclined asymmetric channel with an inclining magnetic field through a porous medium with heat transfer is examined. Constitutive equations obeying the Powell-Eyring fluid model are employed. Assumptions of long wave length approximation and low Reynolds number are used in flow analysis. The stream function and mechanical efficiency have closed form expressions devised. Distributions of temperature, pressure gradients, and axial velocity are expressed mathematically. Through the collection of figures, the impact of various criteria is explained and graphically represented. These numerical results were attained using the mathematical application MATHEMATICA.

The article examines political humor as forms of resistance in the media. This is due to the fact that satirical discourse was a discourse that people used to ridicule and mock their governments. It focuses on how Iraqi comedian and host Ahmed Al Basheer uses his inventive abilities to make fun of social vices by playing with words through morphological and lexico-semantic processes. The nation's president, politicians, and cops are the satirist's main targets. The study found several linguistic techniques, including phonological coinage, new word collocation, blending, new derivation, poetic register, religious register, allusion, colloquialism, and satirical irony, that were used to communicate satirical expressions in this comedian Iraqi show. A satirist like Al Basheer was given the responsibility of exposing the immoral behavior of those in positions of authority. This paper looks at how the Iraqi satirist “Ahmed Al Basher” in his show “Al Basheer Show” manipulate his linguistic skills to achieve his goal as the watchdog of the Iraqi society. Iraqi citizens could at least momentarily flee their troubles and misery through this political parody and satire, and regain some of the lost sense of individual dignity.

Foucault develops his theory by arguing that the dominant form of power in contemporary society is disciplinary and that our understanding of power falls to identify how power actually functions. This disciplinary power creates subjected and practiced bodies. He believes that power can change the behavior of individuals. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate the role of disciplinary power in modern society. It concentrates on Kelly's play After the End in the light of the disciplinary power that justifies using punishment to prevent repeating the same behavior. This play reveals that using imprisonment and probation to punish a person is a way to change the behavior of this person in the sense that he/ she will not be able to identify himself