Al-Bayan Journal for Medical and Health Sciences

“Arthritis” is a disorder that affects the body joints, the word was delivered from mixing Latin and
Greek origins. The current study aims to identify the common types of arthritis and its risk factors
in patients attending the outpatient clinic in Baghdad Hospital of medical city.The study was crosssectional and the data was collected by direct interview and through a special questionnaire, the
sample was randomly chosen and analysed through a descriptive statistical approach by using the
known test chi-square.Recent study showed that most common type of arthritis was rheumatoid
arthritis 86(57.4%). In addition, it noted that mostly 84(56%) who were in sampled study were aged
(36-65) years most of them were females 122(81.3%), study findings appeared that a higher percent
of BMI was among (overweight25<) was 55(36.7%) and (obesity=>30) was 48(32%). The study
concluded that so many factors may be associate with the incidence of chronic arthritis and there is
variation in the effect of those factors, but the current study found that these factors may contribute
to increase the incidence: female gender, Age group, Negative food consuming, obesity, housewife
positions. Rheumatic arthritis was the most common form in disease frequency. Majority of the
study sample were housewives. Most of the patients were females. More than half of the sample
was young age group. Osteoarthritis patients were suffering from obesity.The study recommended
establishing more healthy programs for early diagnosis, effective treatment and follow up patients,
health education programs about doing some exercises, daily walking and eating healthy.

Home chemicals in daily life, needs more research to be conducted to explore concerns about their
possible effects on health, particularly on female reproductive function via endocrine system
disruption. The effects of these factors can be complex, causing various menstrual cycle and fertility
issues. This study in Baghdad, Iraq, examines the relationship between household medication use
and women’s reproductive health. This initial study (Cross-Sectional) involved 305 women in
Baghdad. Data were collected through direct interview through questionnaire. Statistical analysis
was based on descriptive statistics and linear regression methods. Markedly, the study revealed a
high degree of awareness among participants about the health risks posed by common household
chemicals. This awareness suggests a potential indication for future research to examine the
relationship between such perceptions and actual behavioral changes related to domestic hazardous
products use. Conspicuously, most of participants reported taking steps to reduce exposure.
Nevertheless, the data also showed knowledge gaps and resource restrictions, emphasizing the need
for targeted educational interventions and support systems. Captivatingly, the study found that
participants’ perceptions of health risks were consistent with findings reported in existing literature.
A considerable concern and willingness showed by Participants to change practices to reduce
exposure. Nevertheless, practicing safe practices varied widely, suggesting that culturally relevant
interventions and programs are needed. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of
reproductive health issues among women that use to regular home products with potential chemical
effects in Baghdad.

This review comprehensively examines the transformative impact of drug delivery systems (DDS) in
oral healthcare, highlighting advancements from traditional methods to sophisticated
nanotechnology-based approaches. Focusing on various dental conditions, from caries and
periodontitis to oral cancer, the review explores the potential of nanocarriers, such as liposomes and
polymeric nanoparticles, in enhancing treatment efficacy through targeted delivery and improved
solubility. The future direction of DDS emphasizes optimizing nanoparticle release, ensuring safety,
and understanding their interaction with the oral microbiome. The evolution of DDS is traced from
early herbal remedies to modern nanoparticle-based systems, addressing key challenges in drug
delivery, including solubility and systemic side effects. Preparation methods, such as solvent casting,
hot melt extrusion, and lyophilization, are discussed for their roles in stabilizing and protecting drugs.
The review further delves into the broad applications of DDS in various medical fields, including
oncology, cardiovascular diseases, and diabetes management, and discusses the emerging trends in
personalized medicine, advanced biomaterials, and the integration of DDS with the oral microbiome.
Nanotechnology's role in dentistry, particularly in developing dental nanorobots and nanocomposites,
is highlighted, along with the significance of addressing oral pathologies with advanced DDS. The
review concludes with a discussion on the challenges and future prospects in the field, emphasizing
the need for clinical translation, co-delivery approaches, and interdisciplinary collaboration for
advancing oral and systemic healthcare.

Smoking cigarettes and narghileis well recognized as a significant risk factor for periodontal
disease. Salivary diagnostics such as s-IgA and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) are often used for this
purpose. The research sought to assess the concentrations of salivary ALP and s-IgA, as well as the
state of the periodontium, in individuals who smoke cigarettes exclusively (SC) and those who
smoke narghile exclusively (SN). The research comprises 125 males (SC) and 125 males (SN). To
test the levels of ALP and s-IgA, as well as the periodontal parameters simultaneously, saliva
samples collected from each participant, would be transferred to the software SPSS V.26.
descriptive statistics and an independent t-test to test the difference between the two groups. The
findings demonstrated substantial differences in the levels of ALP and s-IgA between the two
groups, as well as significant variations in the periodontal parameters. It is concluded that the
smoking of cigarettes and narghilehas harmful effects on the health of periodontium, and the levels
of salivary ALP and IgA have an impact as biological markers for forecasting the incipience of
periodontal disease.

Objective: To identify risk factors related to UTI among pregnant women And find relationship
between UTI and demographic and reproductive variables
Methods: A Case-Control study has been conducted from (1
st November 2022 to 5th may 2023). A
purposive sample of 200 pregnant women are selected from Sawira Hospital in Waist City,. Data
was collected through interview of women using a questionnaire format was designed and contained
(3) part demographic variable, Reproductive variables, variables related to UTI .
Results :the present study revealed that the most age group ranged less than 25 years, some factors
are showed significant such as age, short birth space, history of UTI and high parity and other not
significant like source of water and history of abortion.
Conclusions: The study shows that significant association with urinary tract infection are age, short
birth space, previous attack of UTI, drying perin after urination, delay and decrease frequently of
urination per day and increase sexual intercourse frequently and no urination after coitus and husband
not wash genitals before coitus and factors which not have significant associated with UTI is source
of water, educational level and history of abortion.