Baghdad Journal of Biochemistry and Applied Biological Sciences

This search investigates the corrosion inhibition properties of polyacrylic acid. The corrosion inhibition performance of carbon steel (CS) in a 1M HCl solution treated with the polyacrylic acid inhibitor was evaluated using potentiodynamic polarization measurement, Field Emission-Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM) and Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS). The findings of this study demonstrate that polyacrylic acid exhibits significant effectiveness as corrosion inhibitor for CS in Acid solution. The inhibitor acts as a mixed-type inhibitor, and its corrosion inhibition efficiency increases with higher concentrations of polyacrylic Acid concentration up to 89.9% obtained at 298 K for a 400 ppm concentration, while decreasing with increasing acid concentration.

Introduction: Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) results from the malignant proliferation of cells of lymphocytic lineage. Aim: To asses outcome of B-cell Non-Hodgkin ’s lymphoma in children treated with modified FAB LMB 96 protocol.

Patients and methods: This descriptive retrospective study for 103 patients <14 years with B-cell non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma in Child Central Teaching Hospital from 1st January 2010 to 31 December 2014. All cases were treated with Modified FAB LMB 96 protocol. According to modified UKCCSG NHL FAB 96 PROTOCOL: patients divided into low risk (group A) which include (completely resected stage I tumor and completely resected abdominal stage II tumor) ; intermediate risk (group B) which include (unresected stage I &II , resected stage II other than abdominal completely resected tumor and stage III ) ; and high risk (group C) which include (patients with BM involvement >5% , CNS involvement , or both ).

Results: All patients were treated with modified FAB LMB 96 Protocol; group A (1%,) group B (89%) and group C (10%), final outcome in this study show; sixty-five (63.1%) achieved continuous complete remission ,27 (26.2%) died, 11(10.67%) loss of follow up, most common causes of death were sepsis (51.8 %) and tumor lysis syndrome (22.2%) mainly during or post COP1 (29.6)% and COPADM1(25.9) %, event free survival and overall survival were (59.5)%and (68.4 %) respectively ,there is a significant relation between event free survival and histopathological subtypes, stages and risk group protocol of B-cell Non-Hodgkin ’s lymphoma.

Conclusions: The outcome of B-cell Non-Hodgkin ’s lymphoma is improved as compared with previous studies. Histopathological subtype, stages and risk group protocol have significant relation with survival rate.

Due to their ability to provide food for people, sheep and goats are important to the economies of many nations. Toxoplasma gondii, or T. gondii, is a protozoan parasite that often infects sheep. Stillbirth, early embryonic death and resorption, neonatal mortality, fetal death and mummification, and parasite infection are examples of possible negative effects. The consequences are more severe the earlier in gestation the infection arises. The stage of pregnancy at which the infection occurs in the sheep and goats is connected with the severity of the illness. T. gondii may infect humans and carnivorous animals via the meat of infected sheep and goats. Less than 4% of sheep that are consistently infected with T. gondii carry the parasite vertically to their offspring. The majority of sheep develop the infection after birth. It's possible that T. gondii is more often transmitted in cows than previously believed. However, these results need more evidence acquired using other methods, since they are only reliant on Polymerase Chain Reaction data. Sheep that have been exposed to T. gondii produce robust humoral and cell-mediated immune responses that protect them against infection in subsequent pregnancies. To the best of our knowledge, documentation about the prevalence of toxoplasmosis in sheep and goats in Iraq is deficient. As a result, A comprehensive research was conducted to find out how common toxoplasmosis is in sheep and goats in Iraq and how it relates to various risk factors.

Background and objective: This study aims to investigate the occurrence and antimicrobial susceptibility of clinically relevant Enterobacteriaceae from public transport in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.

Methods: A total of 100 pooled swab samples were collected from public buses in Dar es Salaam from January 2023 to April 2023. Enterobacteriaceae (Escherichia coli, Enterobacter spp., and Klebsiella spp.) were isolated and identified using standard microbiological techniques. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. PCR amplification was carried out to detect the presence of antibiotic resistance genes. Furthermore, the 16S rRNA gene of isolates that exhibited phenotypic resistance to all tested antibiotics was Sanger sequenced and a phylogenetic tree was constructed.

Results: A high abundance of clinically important Enterobacteriaceae was revealed with high variability in the number of Escherichia coli (48), Enterobacter spp. (15), and Klebsiella spp. (68). Similarly, a high AMR profile was observed against ampicillin (100%) followed by Amoxicillin (97%). Also, isolates resistant to multiple drugs (MDR) were common and very prevalent, where out of 131 isolates, 129 (98%) were MDR. Furthermore, the findings showed a strong positive correlation between phenotypic resistance and the presence of resistance genes (rs = 0.66, P<0.05). Furthermore, the molecular identification confirmed the PDR isolates were distributed across three genera: Escherichia, Enterobacter, and Klebsiella. Also, the phylogenetic analysis indicated the PDR isolates interspersed with reference sequences within their respective genera

Conclusions: The present findings highlighted the high abundance and prevalence of AMR clinically important Enterobacteriaceae and underscore the importance of instituting surveillance programs designed to combat AMR focusing on public transport in developing countries.

health concern, with drug resistance complicating control efforts. Plant-derived compounds have emerged as potential antimalarial agents. This study explores the effectiveness of methanol extract of Ficus trigonata stem bark against Plasmodium berghei in a murine model. Thirty (30) adult mice used in this study were divided into 5 groups of 6 mice per group. Group A was inoculated with P. berghei and not treated which served as negative control. Group B was inoculated and treated with 10mg/Kg body weight of chloroquine (standard control). Groups C, D and E were inoculated with Plasmodium berghei and treated with the extract in doses of 100, 200 and 300 mg/kg body weight respectively. Parameters such as Packed cell volume (PCV) was measured by hematocrit technique, Parasitemia levels were monitored by microscopy, and Chemo-suppression activity was calculated to assess antiplasmodial potential. The in vivo murine model that was used enables efficient preliminary screening with good predictive validity. Ficus trigonata stem bark extract showed dose-dependent antiplasmodial activity in Plasmodium berghei-infected mice. All doses (100-300mg/kg) significantly (p&lt;0.05) increased the level of packed cell volume on days 1-3 post-treatment. Parasitemia levels reduced significantly (p&lt;0.05), with 300 mg/kg approaching chloroquine efficacy. Impressive dose-dependent chemo-suppression reached 85.68% with the highest F. trigonata stem bark extract dose by day 4, nearing the 94.16% standard drug activity. These findings highlight the extract\\'s potential as an antimalarial agent and contribute to the search for alternative treatments.