Al-Bayan Journal for Medical and Health Sciences

The virus that causes a respiratory disease called coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19). SARS-CoV2 is a member of a large family of viruses called coronaviruses. These viruses can infect people and
some animals. SARS-CoV-2 was first known to infect people in 2019. Patients with SARS-CoV-2
infection exhibit a range of systemic manifestations that correspond to an intense inflammatory
response and a cytokine storm, or rapid release of pro-inflammatory cytokines.This study aims to
estimate the serum levels of TNF-α and INF-γ among people in Baghdad after one month of
receiving the full Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine, SARS-CoV-2 virus infection, and SARS-CoV-2 virus
infection after Pfizer-BioNTech full vaccine respectively. A total of 120 individuals participated in
this study conducted at the College of Medicine / Iraqia University. They were divided into four
groups, each group containing 30 individuals. After one month, the study groups were categorized
into Pfizer-BioNTech (BNT162b2) full vaccination, infected with SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV-2
infection after full Pfizer vaccination, and control. The study showed a significant difference (P
value <0.05) in the TNF-α and INF-γ serum levels of all groups compared to the control and for
each group with each other except for the correlation between the infected non-vaccinated group
and the infected vaccinated group which shows a non-significant difference (P value >0.05).
Natural infection with SARS-CoV-2 with or without Pfizer-BioNTech vaccination can significantly
increase the titers of TNF-α and INF-γ in serum.

Background:Hematological diseases rates have raised recently, which has put more strain on
medical staff especially nurses and could have an impact on the standard of nursing care
provided. It has been confirmed that the global research which were conducted to measure the
quality of nursing care for patients in Hematological diseases units is almost limited.
Purpose: To assess patients' satisfaction with the quality of nursing care in hematology units. To
find out the relationship between demographic characteristics and patients' satisfaction level with
the quality of nursing care.
Methods: A cross-sectional study that was conducted in Baghdad Teaching Hospital. Whereas
the sample size was (79 patients),employing the convenient sampling. Sample collection began
(December 1st to January 1st). The international tool PSNCQQ-Ar was used to collect the sample.
It comprises of 21 items: measuring the quality of nursing care based on patient satisfaction with
the nursing care.
Results:Patients were generally satisfied with the quality of nursing care in hematology units, in
addition to there being no relationship between demographic characteristics and patients’
satisfaction with the quality of nursing care, with the exception of 2 characteristics which were
(Job, For most of your hospital stay, were you in a room), whereas a relationship was found
linking them to patients' satisfaction with the quality of nursing care with a P < 0.05.
Conclusion:The researchers concluded that the quality levels of nursing care in hematology
units are high and were not affected in light of these critical conditions.

Background:Understanding nurses' knowledge regarding therapeutic positions is crucial for
stabilize the physiological parameters of premature infants undergoing nasal cannula therapy. The
aimed to assess nurses knowledge toward supine and prone positions on physiological parameters in
premature infant undergoing nasal cannula; and it associated socio-demographic variables
Methods:A descriptive study design was conducted at Private Nursing Home and Child Protection
Hospitals in Baghdad Province, for the period ofOctober 1st, 2023 to March 8th, 2024. The study
sample consist of 50 nurses is selected according to non probability sampling approach. The
questionnaire, consisting of 19-items measured on MCQ, was validated by experts and tested for
reliability through a pilot study. Data collection involved self-report, and both descriptive and
inferential statistical analyses were applied for data analysis.
Results:The findings indicate the average age of 29.69 ± 8.44 years, with the female group, 58%.
Educational backgrounds of participants were diverse, 34.0% holding school nursing, and 32.0%
working in general nursing. The majority of nurses had less than 5 years of a professional career,
and about two third of them did not have any training. With regard to the nursing knowledge of
supine and prone positions of preterm infants during nasal cannula, 62% of the nurses were found to
have poor knowledge.
Conclusions:The study highlights that the predictive factors such as age, education level,
experience, and training courses underscore the need for targeted educational interventions. The
study advocates for fostering a culture of continuous learning within healthcare settings to support
ongoing professional development and enhance the care provided to premature infants.
Recommendations: Integrate similar educational programs into nursing training to enhance nurses'
understanding and performance in caring for premature infants in different positions were highly
recommended.

Background: The oxytocin signaling pathways in both the baby and the mother are
optimized by skin-to-skin contact at delivery. Oxytocin lessens the newborn's stress
reaction to birth while inducing protective and sensitive caring characteristics in the
mother.
Objectives: Assessment of nurses-midwife's knowledge about application of skin to skin
contact.
Methodology: A descriptive study has been piloted to nurses-midwives;
the data has been composed through a questionnaire format through interview
with the study sample The questionnaire format is comprised of two parts,
Demographic characteristics of nurses-midwives and Assessment knowledge
of nurses-midwives about skin to skin. A purposive (nonprobability) sample which
consisted of (65) nurses-midwives. The sample which collected from Al-Elwia Maternity
Teaching Hospital, Ibn Al -Balidy for Maternity and Pediatric Hospital & Fatima Al-Zahra
for Maternity and Pediatric Hospital. Data are investigated through the use Excel
(Statistical package) and Descriptive statistic was used to analyze data
Results: The outcomes of the study shown that the highest percentages (30.76%) at age
group (20-29) years, (76.9%) for the married, the study revealed that the most nursesmidwives you have sufficient knowledge about skin to skin contact.
Conclusions: The study founded that the most nurses-midwives have adequate knowledge
about application skin to skin for newborn.

Background: Nonpharmacological management as an alternative approach to reducing pain intensity
among children has recently been widely tested in experimental studies. Many types of
nonpharmacological pain management were investigated at different medical invasive procedures.
Therefore, it's difficult to determine which approach is more effective for pain reduction among
children. That is why this review is made.
Objectives: The current review aims to introduce an evidence base on pain management among
children, through an evaluation and critique for the most evidence-based researches world-widethat
applying the nonpharmacological approaches only.
Methods:A narrative review studyfocused on pediatric nonpharmacological pain management studies,
that carried out by searching the available databases such as Google Scholar, Research Gate, Semantic
Scholar, and PubMed. The included studies were available free for download and were published for
the last ten years. All selected studies were looking for the effect of nonpharmacological pain
management among the pediatric population. 15 studies were selected according to study criteria out of
640 available studies. These studies were recorded by forming a data extraction form in a Microsoft
Excel sheet to include authors name, year of publication, targeted sample, study design, methods of
nonpharmacological pain management, and main findings of the study and recommendation.
Results:Fifteen studies met the inclusion criteria, all studies include one type or more methods of
nonpharmacological pain management for children, that tested the effect of such approaches on pain
level. The non-nonpharmacological pain management approaches are approved to be as effective as
and occasionally better than the pharmacological pain management approaches.
Conclusion: This review highlights that adopting the nonpharmacological pain management
approaches is effective and may be better than the pharmacological approaches in reducing the
associated pain during medical procedures. This review draws a step for further research for new and
creative approaches to decrease children's pain and increase their compliance during painful medical
procedures.