Diyala Journal of Human Research

The current research aims to identify the impact of the clairvoyance method in developing the achievement struggle of university students, and to achieve the goal of the research, the researcher built the achievement struggle scale, and the scale consisted of (32) items. ) and Cronbach's alpha was (50.8) and the sample of the experiment was chosen by (20) students for each group (10) students, and the researcher reached the effectiveness of the foresight method in developing the achievement struggle, as the results showed that there was a statistically significant difference between the experimental group and the control group in the achievement struggle In favor of the experimental group that was exposed to the method of clairvoyance, the researcher presented a set of conclusions, recommendations and suggestions

Noise is a form of environmental pollution and a form of physical air pollution, as it changes the nature of the air and turns it into annoying and harmful air due to the psychological and physical effects it causes on people of different classes, ages, and everywhere in the station. It was found from the field study that was conducted at the Jerusalem Thermal Power Station that the health effects of noise varied from one place to another in the station according to the different sources of it. The field study showed, through the questionnaire, the effects caused by noise. Which was represented by the recording of (42) cases of hearing impairment, and the registration of (4) cases of high blood pressure, in addition to the noise causing agitation and tension for the workers at a rate of (7.3%), in addition to reducing the focus at work by (2)% of those covered in the questionnaire. Resulting from various sources in reducing the sleeping hours of workers by (2,3%) and it appears from the field study that (30) cases of those included in the questionnaire suffer from ringing in the ear

The current research aims to find out the following:
1- The satisfaction with the academic specialization among students of the Department of History at University of Diyala.
2- The significance of the differences in satisfaction with the academic specialization among the students of the Department of History at the University of Diyala according to the variable of gender (males and (females).
The researcher adopted the descriptive correlative approach as a methodology for his study, as the current research population is identified by the students of the Department of History in the College of Education for Humanities and the College of Basic Education at the University of Diyala. The research population is consisted of (859) students, distributed by (346) males, (513) females. In order to achieve the objectives of the research, two instruments must be available; the first one is to measure satisfaction with the academic specialization. As the researcher adopted Sidham scale (2020) since it has high psychometric characteristics and the convergence of the Iraqi environment with the environment in which the scale was applied. The scale includes three domains, the first domain includes (the desire in the academic specialization) of (7) items, the second domain (Satisfaction with the courses) of (8) items, and the third domain covers (the satisfaction with the professional future) of (5) items. The scale as a whole consists of (20) items. The scale consists of positive and negative items. The positive items were given weighted values of (1-2-3-4-5) and the answer alternatives are (always-often-sometimes-rarely-never). The negative items were given weighted values of (1-2-3-4-5). After extracting the indicators of face validity and indicators of construction validity of the instrument, the reliability was verified by the method of testing and retesting , and the reliability coefficient reached (0.83) and Alpha Cronbach method, the reliability coefficient reached (0.86).
Concerning the self-academic motivation scale, in which the researcher adopted the (Gottfried) scale prepared for secondary students and adapted by (Neama, 2010). The scale was prepared according to the cognitive theory and it consists of (48) items in a verbal agreement with two alternatives, one of which is self-academic motivation, and the other does not measure it. The answer to the alternative that measures (1) is given, the answer to the alternative that does not measure is given(zero), by estimating the individuals themselves on each of the items. Thus the highest score obtained by the student is (48) scores, and the lowest score is (zero), thus, the theoretical average of the scale is (24) scores.
After extracting the indicators of face validity and construction validity , the data were verified using the method of testing and retesting , as the reliability coefficient reached (0.81), which is a good reliability coefficient, and the alpha Cronbach method, as the reliability coefficient reached (0.83), which is a high reliability coefficient. The data were processed.

The researchers showed an honest valour in their study of the syntactic and morphological inclusion, but the reason for the transformation of this inclusion from one structure to another did not receive attention according to the limits of knowledge. Then this research came under title (the causes of morphological inclusion), in which the researcher proved that the causes led to this implication, or say: Arabic scholars observed this behaviour that occurred between the morphological structures, and they only mentioned reasons for which they justified the inclusion. This means that the research will be concerned with revealing, clarifying and talking about those problems ; Our linguistic scholars will show ten manifestations of these problems , and the researcher has arranged them alphabetically in order to make it easier for reading, as well as for the sake of organization, which include (rhetoric and Incapacitation), (simile in inclusion), (dissemination), (approximation), (non-suspicion or non-confusion), (dialect), (exaggeration), and (Metaphor), (praise and slander), and (appropriate headings of verses or commas).

The great transformation that literature is experiencing now is an intertwined and interactive transformation with the cognitive transformations that are taking place in the whole world, and all human manifestations. In this study, the researchers will seek to monitor these transformations that witnessed the birth of a new literary genre, related to the great information and technological revolution. This new literary genre varies in its titles and its concepts overlapped in the Arab critical arena. This study prompts and sums up with the most important of these transformations that accompanied literature from being textual to interactive

Praise is to God, whose praises are fulfilled, and blessings and peace be upon our master Mohammad, the faithful and gifted, as a mercy to the worlds, and to his good and pure family and his chosen companions.
The Holy Qur’an represents the first book and the basic reference for all Muslims, and it has the first value in terms of consideration and reliance for Muslims, as it is one of the most important divine books that exercise its cognitive and faith authority over its followers over centuries of time and without interruption, that authority does not exceed authority and does not limit its authority something. Social thought is a fruit of the new era and was unfamiliar with the ancient commentators. The interest in this intellectual orientation began when the social mind took over the explanatory thinking pattern inspired by reality, especially the Islamic reality with its problems and challenges, such as decadence, backwardness, the spread of ignorance, poverty, disease, injustice and tyranny, the confiscation of freedoms, the loss of social awareness and the absence of an influential role for the members of the nation to confront these problems and challenges. And in the search for effective solutions and treatments for it. Accordingly, the conscious scholars of the nation began to feel the importance of starting from the reality of the needs of society and people in order to question the Qur’an and understand its discourses. Thus, the social approach to interpreting the Qur’an was born, that approach that set its sights on the social reality with all its repercussions and problems, and started from it to ask questions and inquiries about life and its issues and from then put it on the Holy Qur'an for the purpose of treatment and giving solutions. The interpretations known as the social interpretation are those interpretations whose owners' discourse has been affected by social reality and they use social terms in order to raise social issues and concerns. The social approach is in the process of interpretation, as it is still under research and discussion, and an explanatory discourse has not been crystallized by contemporary interpreters. The social approach in its precise sense is adopted to address interpretive issues .
Keywords: interpretation, method, reality

The phenomenon of pronunciation has been an important concern in the Arabic linguistic lesson at early age. As Arab scholars have taken care of this phenomenon because it is one of the factors that has influence on dialects among Arab tribes, and Arab scholars have used this phenomenon in dealing with linguistic issues, especially those related to eloquence, and as a result the researchers stand upon this research to study the achievement of this phenomena and facilitate it monitored by the modern scholars in one of the works of eloquence, namely the book Islah Al-Mantiq translated as (Reform of Logic) for Ibn Al-Skeit ( D. 244A.H). It began to talk about the concept of (pronunciation) as linguistic and reform then moved on to talk about the attitude of the ancients and modernists of the concept, and also talked about the manifestations of achieving pronunciation mediated by the vision of modern scholars in (reform of logic), and then moved to talk about the concept of facilitating the pronunciation and its patterns. The research ended with the most important scientific conclusions found by the researcher.

Scholars who are interested in studying Arabic lexicons acknowledge the uniqueness of language standards in terms of Ibn Faris’ (395 AH) reliance on the semantic origins to which the linguistic roots of the words are based. He was distinguished for his accuracy in specifying origins with one signification and conjugating other origins with more than one signification. This is due to the fact that the words of one root is reinstated in the origin which has a unique semantic reference, whereas the roots in which their origins are associated with more than one semantic reference are pronounced differently as each group belongs to an associated semantic reference. The paper consists of two parts and a conclusion. The first part studies the language disorder in the semantic origin. This part includes two requirements, the first one tackles language disorder of the duality of roots, while the second tackles language disorder in the triple root. The second part of the paper investigates the association of language disorder with another thing in its semantic origin. This part is also consisted of two parts, the first one is specified to the association of language disorder with another one in terms of dual roots, while the other is concerned with the association of language disorder with another one in terms of its triple roots. The conclusion comes out with the results.

The current research aims to identify the effect of the Beck method in reducing self-blame among university students, and to achieve this, the researcher built a self-blame scale consisting of 18 items, and after extracting the psychometric properties of the scale, the researcher applied it to a sample of 12 university students divided into two groups 6 groups Experimental and 6 control groups, and the researcher used the appropriate statistical means, and the scale and the counseling program were built in the light of the counseling theory or cognitive therapy for (Beck). The researcher made a number of recommendations and suggestions.
Psychological counseling, cognitive behavioral counseling theory, Beck method, self-blame

"The current research aims to identify (the effect of using tearful learning in acquiring historical concepts and achievement motivation for literary fifth students). The researcher built a concept acquisition scale test and adopted the achievement motivation scale after verifying its validity and stability".
The research sample amounted to (66) students, with (33) students in the experimental group, and (33) in the control group, the experimental group was taught according to blended learning, while the control group was taught in the traditional (ordinary) way. Integrated learning in acquiring historical concepts on the control group who studied in the traditional (ordinary) way, and the researcher reached a set of conclusions, recommendations and suggestions

The research aimed to reveal a requirement of sustainable development requirements and an element of achieving Vision 2030 elements in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia in particular and Islamic societies in general, that is activate voluntary work among members of society, by setting a model to encourage initiating it by revealing the deeds of Othman bin Affan {Peace be upon him} in Rumah well .Voluntary work is one of the most important means that can advance society and work on unity and cohesion of its members.
The voluntary work is considered one of the indicators of the progress and prosperity of nations. The more progress and advancement in a particular country, the greater the participation of its citizens in voluntary work. that the development of a culture of voluntary work in society has become a requirement for contemporary life and an urgent need to keep pace with development and rapid development in all areas of life, especially voluntary work is considered one of the main pillars in building and developing society and spreading social harmony among citizens.
The study also emphasized that Voluntary work with its social and humanitarian approach has become an indicator of good, effective and responsible citizenship, and an indication of the extent to which nations develop and advance, so each society must raise its children based on volunteering, helping others, doing good, and everything that can contribute to developing societies through its educational systems.
The research also it is one of the most important pillars of development in its comprehensive concept, as required by Vision 2030, through which it contributes to social and economic activities in its various forms

Harmony is an artistic distinctive feature in poetry which makes it different from other genres. It is a way of communication among people to convey their messages through language. It is also associated to the basics of language with respect to poetry and its interaction with music and meaning. This makes poetry an aesthetic means. Harmony also influences the listener’s reflection and interaction in terms of structure and content of the new texts. This paper reveals the function of the hidden sounds in love and war poetry. It also shows the artistic talents and enjoying the pleasure of musical sounds by the listener. The aim of the paper is indicating Antar bin Shadad’s view concerning the degree he decides about this phenomenon in love and war poetry; this can be achieved through the vocalic and stylistic researches they arrived at.

Preserving the environment and vital systems is essential. The current study sheds light on the levels of dust falling by monitoring the amount of dust, indicating its type, knowing the chemical compounds and heavy elements from which the dust is composed of and as well as knowing the size of the atom.
The results of the study showed that the dust falling consisted of minerals (calcite, quartz, gypsum, dolomite, feldspar, and kaolin). Calcite and quartz were recorded in all the seasons and the studied sites, while there was a discrepancy for the rest of the minerals between the parts of the study area. Dust particles appeared in different shapes, showing the sharp-pointed cylindrical shape, the rectangular shape with sharp heads, and the circular shape as well as the salt shapes.
Dust particles are characterized by being infinitesimally small, as their sizes ranged between (14,876 - 56,812) nanometers, and thus they can turn into trapped dust, which carries between its folds various types of toxic and carcinogenic heavy elements. About (16) heavy elements (Zr, Zn, Sn) have been studied. (, Se, S, Pb, Ni, Mn, Hg, Fe, Cu, Co, Cr, Cd, As, Al) all exceeded the permissible environmental limit, hence these particles have mechanical effects on the natural barrier of the human respiratory system; moreover, they can infect various Other diseases such as eye, skin and ear diseases.

The current research aims to know the effectiveness of the Hermann model in acquiring the grammatical concepts of the literary fifth grade students and developing their positive thinking. The researcher prepared two tests, one of which is for acquiring grammatical concepts, consisting of (38) paragraphs, and the other for measuring positive thinking consists of () a paragraph whose validity and reliability were confirmed. An effect on acquiring grammatical concepts and there is an effect on developing positive thinking within the limits of the research conducted by the researcher, and he recommended a number of recommendations, including the need to follow modern models in teaching, and he suggested conducting a study dealing with the Hermann model in study subjects and other variables.

The topic of the research revolves in the field of urban planning science, as it tries to identify how social behavior is spatially profiled, that is, urban planning programmed it for the requirements of deviant behaviors. A good design of the urban environment is one of the basic things in reducing crime and achieving security, despite that, security issues and crimes rarely receive sufficient attention in the initial stage of the urban planning process, as it is the repeated planning experiences that led many critics to not hesitate to issue their judgments negative on this area.
Therefore, this study seeks to address a common problem in cities, especially Iraqi cities, by clarifying the role of urban planning in reducing crime in residential neighborhoods, by understanding spatial, economic and social factors and their effective role in planning a safe residential environment

The subject of “Navigators and the Nature of Their Social Life as a Model” are one of the important subjects that deserve to be studied, because they shed light on group of poor level society groups in which are not mentioned in most historical references and previous studies.
When studying the subject of navigational crafts in the Abbasid era, the researchers spoke in one of the chapters about the category of navigators, experience, and knowledge that should be owned by everyone working in this craft, not everyone can work with it, especially since it has many risks that are difficult to avoid. As this category had their natural life like the rest of other categories in the society, they had clothes that suited their profession, as well as, food and housing. As for their relationship with the Abbasid Caliphate was characterized by a good relationship, where the navigators had kindness and generosity of the Caliphs, and they were close to them and participating in all occasions, although this relationship was not free from some obstacles and accidents.

The economic importance of oil crops increases due to the increasing daily need for its products from seeds and oils extracted from them, which are a source of food for humans, and the resulting income as fodder for animals, in addition to the entry of its products into many industries such as the manufacture of soap, inks, insulators and other industries. Oil crops are divided into two types:_
Essential oil crops such as sunflower, field pistachio and sesame
Secondary oil crops in which oil is a by-product such as corn and cotton

The research dealt with the study of the spatial distribution of land uses for transportation, services (community - infrastructure), orchards and empty lands in the city of Canaan for the contemporary morphological stage (2003-2021) and the adequacy of these services, depending on the number of residents and their spatial distribution, and the research problem was identified to identify the reality An image of the geographical distribution of land uses for transportation, community services and infrastructure in the city, and then an indication of the nature of its distribution with the number of residents, and the aim of the research is to identify the reality of land uses for transportation, community services and infrastructure and its spatial distribution in the city and then evaluate its efficiency depending on the number of From the local planning standards, and this was reinforced by tables and maps, and the research reached several results, including a variation in the level of community services in terms of their numerical adequacy, efficiency and distribution, as this is due to the large increase in the number of residents in the city and their pressure on these services, and this in turn affects Negatively on the volume of services provided to the city's residents

The city of Baquba includes a variety of uses, including religious uses of the land, and the houses of worship are the most functional for these religious uses, as they are distributed over the various neighborhoods of the city. The number of these houses reached sixty-one houses belonging to the Sunni and Shiite endowments. The houses belonging to the two endowments located in the city of Baquba by collecting data from its sources, arranging the data in tables using the Excel program, drawing the required maps using the program ((ArcMap V,10.4.1), designing a database ((Shape File) and linking the tables of this data with the maps, and it is possible That this data have a role in developing religious land uses represented by places of worship, organizing worshipers' affairs, and providing the necessary services for those uses

Abu Mansour al-Maturidi was one of the greatest figures who greatly influenced Islamic thought, and he commanded a respected and famous position among his peers. As the founder of the Maturidi sect, Abu Mansour followed the tradition of the greatest imam Abi Hanifa (may God have mercy on him), and he has great credit for enriching the Islamic faith with his writings, defending it, refuting the suspicions of atheists, and denying all the deviations that occurred in it. He was a strong argument, full of knowledge, intelligence and genius, and the research dealt with his biography and the era in which he lived

The research aims at familiarizing phonological difficulties of uttering for first class of primary schools pupils and how to deal with them as far as their teachers are concerned. The researcher has adopted the descriptive method. The research sample includes (100) teachers (male & female)of primary classes at Krkuk General Directorate of Education for the academic year (2021-2022). They have been distributed evenly with regards to years of teaching . The researcher has adopted the detection as a tool that consists of 20 items. After collecting and analyzing the data statistically by approximation medium, relative standard and T Test, the results been as follows:
-disparity of intense and relative standards in difficulties of uttering the linguistic sounds for first classes pupils of primary school in view of their teachers and also with regard to teaching years variable.
- disparity of intense and relative standards in ways of treating difficulties of uttering the linguistic sounds for first classes pupils of primary school in view of their teachers and also with regard to teaching years variable.
- Absence of any difference related to statistical indication at (0.05) level at marks rates of research individuals in difficulties of uttering and ways of treating them in view of their teachers as far as teaching experience variable is concerned.

The current research aimed to identify:
1. forgiveness among university students.
2. The significance of the differences in forgiveness according to the gender variable (male - female).
3. Getting to know the social harmony of university students.
4. Identifying social harmony in light of the gender variable class (male-female).
5- Recognizing the relationship between forgiveness and social harmony .
After selecting the research sample of 400 male and female students from the original research community (Al-Mustansiriya University students) and using the appropriate statistics after the two research scales, the researcher reached the following:
1- There is a good level of social compatibility in the research sample
2- The research results showed that the research sample has a good level of social forgiveness .
3- There are differences in forgiveness and social harmony among the research sample and in favor of the male sample
1- The results showed that there is a negative correlation between forgiveness and social harmony .
The researcher also came up with a set of recommendations and suggestions

This research studies slavery in pre- Islamic Arabic poetry as- that is, slavery – a life phenomenon that has its presence and influence on the life of the Arabs at that time. I tried , by reviewing poetic models, to identify the perceptions of Arab society of the slave class and how the poets were affected by it and how their social reality was . the deterioration of social reality was a direct cause of their transformation in the collective awareness into a prominent sign of humiliation , dishonor and oppression, and all the traits that alienated society suffers from due to its composition that gives lineage the first degree of importance and despite the importance that these slaves have and the burdens they carry. Slavery was not singled out as a stand- alone subject ,but rather accidently referred to within the well – known traditional poetry object such as satire, pride, and to a lesser extent description , seeking through this to touch the human suffering and the miserable social reality under which this class descended.

The study aimed to highlight the impact of climate on erosion of the Shalgah Basin in Erbil Governorate, northern Iraq, with an area of (611.69 km2). Including water erosion and wind erosion, each according to its type, using the equations for each type of erosion.
The study concluded that climate elements have an impact on the occurrence of water erosion and of three types: raindrop erosion (collision), which was weak according to the Fournier index, plate erosion, which amounted to (2.1 m 3 / km 2 / year), a value that indicates the effectiveness of erosion according to the Douglas index, and erosion The gully (tabular) as it varied between very light erosion and very high erosion, while the highest erosion was high erosion by (41.85%) and an area of (256.16) km2 of the total area of the basin, as well as the impact of climate elements on wind erosion, which was estimated at (91.84 m/ Sec.), which is high erosion according to Chepil's wind erosion index

The research aims to identify “The Effect of (West Wibenz) on the Achievement of Second Intermediate Grade Students in Material of Dictation.” To achieve the aims of the research, the researcher used the experimental method and the design with partial control, for two groups the experimental group and control group. The current research community was contained (1367) students, and then the researcher chose the research sample and was represented by (60) students of the second intermediate grade. The researcher equaled between the two groups in the variables (grades of the previous year, chronological age, and intelligence test). Then prepared a post-achievement test, implemented it after confirming its statistical characteristics, validity, and stability, and applied it at the end of the experiment period to collect research data and analyze it by appropriate statistical means implementing T-Test which was obvious that students of experimental group outperformed students of control group, as the calculated T-value was greater than the tabular T-value. The researcher suggests a number of recommendations and suggestions according to the results he reached to.

The study included the cartographic distribution of wind speed and indicated the regions where the wind speed increases, The study also examined the factors affecting the distribution , It was based on climate data the year 2022 , and the possibility of preparing maps using cartographic symbols that show the wind speed in Iraq and give a visual and readable perception, It also showed the abitity of modern programs to prepare effective maps and be more aware than traditional, The study confirmed the possibility of investing in the areas in which wind speed increases in the field of alternative energy. The study also revealed that the surface factor had a role, as is the case in the stations Basra, Nasiriya and Rut bah

The research aims to reveal the geographical distribution of rural settlement in Mansourieh district for the year 2021, and to indicate the impact of natural and human factors on the study area. Through the results of the research, it was found that there are (13) districts, which include (51) rural villages in Al-Mansuriya district for the year (2021). Through the geographical distribution and field survey, distribution patterns of the villages appeared, represented by the linear pattern, which reached the number of villages (18 rural villages) out of a total The settlements of the study area. As for the villages whose settlement pattern is a diffuse or divergent pattern, their number reached (17 rural villages) out of the total settlements of the study area. Finally, the villages whose settlement pattern is a clustered pattern reached (16 rural villages) out of the total settlements of the study area. Factors that affect the distribution of these rural settlements, including natural and human factors in the district of Mansouriya.

The study aimed to identify the practice level of organizational justice among academic leaders at Umm Al-Qura University and King Saud University in the
Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Also, identify the level of academic excellence among academic leaders and identify the nature of the relationship between the practice of organizational justice and the achievement of academic excellence among academic leaders in Umm Al-Qura and King Saud University in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The study followed the descriptive-analytical approach and relied on random sampling with a sample of 300 faculty members from the two universities as well as using the questionnaire as a tool to obtain the responses of the study participants. The study came out with a set of results, most notably: There was a great practice level of organizational justice among academic leaders at Umm Al-Qura University and King Saud University in Saudi Arabia. There was also a great level of academic excellence among the academic leaders at Umm Al-Qura University and King Saud University in Saudi Arabia; where a statistically significant correlational relationship has been found between practicing organizational justice and achieving academic excellence among academic leaders at Umm Al-Qura University and King Saud University in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The study recommended that the university leadership should pay attention to distributing workloads among faculty members based on their own abilities and the need for the university leadership to seek effective financial strategies and policies to ensure the provision of necessary resources to achieve the university’s strategy and vision.

This research aims at investigating an important concept in the poetry of contemporary Afro-American women poets, that is of Black Woman empowerment. The research offers a brief exploration of this concept, defining it and showing the reasons behind its appearances. Then, the research goes into examining this concept in Lucille Clifton’s selected poems. The paper sheds light on the multiple poetic strategies on which Clifton depends to stir the concept of Black women empowerment in her poems. Most prominent of these empowering strategies are: showing the physical bodily features of Afro-American women as an assertion of their own identity, exposing the strength and endurance of Black women via reviving models of strong Black women in myths and history , as well as demonstrating the super women role of Black mothers and their ability to continue living even in the midst of trails

Depression is a mental disorder that disrupts individuals’ thoughts and behaviors. Psychologists recognize depression as one of the most common mental illnesses worldwide. Anyone may develop depression regardless of age or social background; yet, women are most likely prone to depression. Numerous theories have studied the nature of depression, its causes, symptoms, and healing process, among these, is Aaron T. Beck’s model of depression. Beck’s approach gives a comprehensive examination of depression and provides a therapeutic theory based on the model, known as cognitive behavior therapy. First, the study aims at studying depression, its reasons, symptoms, and why women are most likely affected by it in comparison to men. Second, the study targets understanding depression in literature and shows the effective relationship between them. Hence, to fulfill these aims, the present study makes use of Marjane Satrapi’s Persepolis. Through the cognitive approach, the analysis will uncover how depression might affect the heroine’s impulses, thoughts, and actions, which means having free access to her mindset and providing more understanding of her situations without being misread or misanalyzed. This represents the originality of the current study which presents novel ideas in the respect of adapting Beck’s model of depression to the selected text. Therefore, using an original psychological methodology to investigate literary works opens new horizons for psychological analysis in the literary area.