Journal of The Iraqi University

This research marked: (The religion of Abraham in the Noble Qur’an) is considered one of the studies that paid attention to the Hanafi religion that our Master Ibrahim - peace be upon him - brought, and its statement through the Holy Qur’an. The boredom in the Holy Quran, then we talked about the religion of Abraham - peace be upon him - especially in the third topic, and then we concluded the research with the most important

Our research, tagged with (the relationship of the endings of Surat Al-Maidah with the purposes of this occasion), seeks to Perhaps we are not exaggerating if we say that looking into the Holy Book is one of the reasons for stability and honor. The research works in its course, and through sections that included (the first topic: the concept of rhetoric, the second topic: the original proportionality in Surat Al-Ma’idah, and the third topic: the original proportionality in Surat Al-Maida) to show, and the research concluded with the most important results that appear from the research journey.

This research is considered one of the researches that deals with the study of the Prophet’s hadith, which is concerned with the study of the three hadiths that Al-Bukhari brought out in his (Sahih), and he sought to seek superiority in the chain of narrators because of the proximity to the person of the Prophet (ﷺ), so Al-Bukhari produced twenty-three hadiths that are between him and the Prophet (ﷺ), only three men, and thus Al-Bukhari is considered one of the companions of the precedent, the high chain of narrators, and others with four as a Muslim, and perhaps five of the narrators.opening words.Knowledge, Supprt, High, Triads, Bukhari

The science of wound and modification is considered one of the most important sciences of hadith that preserves the Sunnah of the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, from slipping and lying, and that it does not include in it what is not among the narrators’ error and the lightness of their control and preservation. Words specific to Al-Jarh and Al-Ta’deel, including the word (Sweileh), which is a light modification of the narrator in terms of its fairness and at the same time weakening it in terms of controlling it to preserve its chest or book. The book al-Tareekh is one of the most important books on the science of men, al-Jarh and al-Ta’deel, and it was narrated on the authority of Ibn Mu’in by a number of his students, namely Abbas al-Duri, Othman al-Darimi and Ahmed Ibn Mahrez. And he was transferred and taken from him who came after him. And I found that there are (6) narrators described by Ibn Mu’in with the word “Sweileh” in his history, and the scholars agreed with him with most of his sayings, by jarring and modifying the narrators.

Bless to Allah, the knowledgeable, the most knowledgeable, a blessing that may sufficient for his graces, and we have enough grace that we are Muslims and with Islam we are guided, and he has the praise that he learned from the pen and gave us endless talents, and prayers and peace be upon the best of sleep and on his family and companions.After that: The scholars, may Allah rest their soul, have left us a great wealth in various types of science and knowledge, and they have made a great effort to bring science to their distance, and from this effort left to us by the science of jurisprudence, and I have chosen one of the topics that has become common in our Islamic society, which is the a judge of the bigger with urgent needs and the chanting of stray and what is different from them, a study of jurisprudence compared to the stray chant and begging are two phenomena that we have warned our Holy Prophet on him the best prayer and peace, so I wrote these few pages about these. The phenomenon, which does not meet even a small part of the importance of this topic. The research is divided into introduction, preface, and four sections and conclusion, the first section defines of asking, catching, and lost. As for the second section, it includes the legitimacy of the question from the Book and the Sunnah, and in the third section is about humiliation in the question and leaving the urgency in it, but the fourth topic was about the ruling of singing strays in the mosque and public places and the rule of the question for a need and when the question is permissible and the conclusion in which the most important results of the research and then to identify the most important sources on which I relied and finally this is my effort and ask God to make him pure to his face and pray to God on our Master Muhammad and on his family and companions and peace.Keywords: needer, necessity , seeking, begging, lost object.

The resuIts and concIusion of the Search After thank to CompIete it on,I Can Summarize the resuIts that Ireached in this topic in the foIIowing points .
1-usurpation is one of the main important issues because it deprires the owner of the property or the owner of the right of his au thority from.
2-Islamic jurisprudence pays great attention to The preserservation.
3-The necessity of esLablishing rules prohibiting rape and deterring.
Keywords:
1-Defintion of selling option .
2- selling by option
3-AI-Is hbah Wa AI-Nazaer
4-the king .
5- Annulment

Islamic Sharia has laws that protect and preserve a human’s rights in his life and after his death. It, therefore, pays great attention to stating the heirs’ shares in an inheritance, and especially the inheritance of those who were massacred due to any reason. In these days, massacres have increased continuously. Islamic reverent jurists, therefore, did their best in stating the liable heirs of those who did not have ones as shown in this paper.

Abstract:
with shedding light on the need to know the rule of God Almighty for those who want to be proficient in reciting His Holy Book, from which it is necessary to rely on the melodies emanating from the Iraqi sung maqam. As an introduction to the ruling on learning the Iraqi singing maqam, teaching it and employing it in reciting the Noble Qur’an in the Iraqi way using some of the melodies drawn from it with the conditions that allow that, and the ruling on reciting the Iraqi melodies that are covered by the five mandated rulings based on what is in accordance with the Sharia or against it. Opening words: Islamic ruling, melody, Iraqi maqam, recitation, learning and teaching the Iraqi maqam.

Abstract
Oversight system is one of the most important organs in Islam because of its importance, and its influential role in state activities and economic development, and to fortify and develop society besides Virtue and their relationship to the Hesba system. Keyword: censorship, hesba, Islam, system, virtue

Abstract
Praise be to Allah alone. This is a research entitled: Maxims of fundamentals of jurisprudence and their applications by Sheikh Abdul-Rahman bin Hassan, through the book Fath al-Majid, The Explanation of Kitab al-Tawhid - collection and study - and the research may consist of an introduction and three chapters, his research plan, and the approach used in it. As for the chapters, they are as follows: The first chapter: a brief biography of Sheikh Abdul Rahman bin Hassan, the second chapter: Fundamental rules and their applications according to Maxims of fundamentals of jurisprudence and their applications by Sheikh Abdul Rahman bin Hassan, and it was in twenty-four topics. The study aims to demonstrate the impact of learning the principles of jurisprudence in understanding the doctrine correctly, and the use of its maxims in responding to the invalidators and the confusionists. The research concluded with a conclusion in which it outlined the most prominent findings reached, including: 1- Through this explanation, the impact of the science of the principles of jurisprudence appeared in understanding the doctrine correctly. 2- The importance of learning the science of jurisprudence to understand the doctrine of Ahlus Sunnah wal Jama’ah, and to respond to the violators. 3- Kitab Al-Tawheed and its explanations is one of the most valuable books of belief that must be taken care of. The researcher recommended the importance of taking care of the Book of Tawheed and teaching it to young people, because it contains a clear explanation of the belief of Ahl al-Sunnah wal-Jama’ah and what the predecessors of this nation were upon. And the importance of taking care of the fundamental rules related to belief, and one of the studies recommended by the researcher is to study the role of the principles of jurisprudence in refuting the doctrinal confusions, as well as the study of the doctrinal calamities.Keywords: Fundamental Rules - Applications - Fath Al- Majid.

ABSTTRACT
Islam has adopted a policy of tolerance, which is the Islamic policy drawn by prophecy in the relationship between Muslims and other people of other religions (Judaism and Christianity), which is absolute policy in the event of peace, and the policy of healing wounded hearts in the wake of the war. Islam was not based on persecuting the people of the Book or forcing them to leave their religion and belief, because the ultimate goal of Islam is to build a good society that lives in security and peace. Throughout our long history, non-Muslims lived in our homelands safe and secure, and no one was exposed to their holy places and religions. This tolerant approach, followed by the Prophet and the adult caliphs, occupied the pens of orientalists and took a large area of their writings and writings, and suggested between fair to this policy and praise for Muslims in embracing the people of the Book in their cities and their participation. In their lives in different respects and between attacking and distorting historical facts pushes them to this hatred and hatred of Islam.

Summary
This study aims to explain the Islamic solution to the problem of racism, and Islam’s fight against it, This noble verse is the first declaration in history of human rights, an affirmation and preservation of his dignity, and a declarationThe right to equality between people of different races, classes, and levels, and that the large number of international charters and treaties in the field of racial discrimination, if it indicates anything, indicates the depth of the phenomenon, and its problem, and it is not the abundance of laws or charters that preserve people’s rights and live a decent life without discrimination. Neither racism nor discrimination, and it is worth noting that conviction changes, of course, by changing what can simply change an individual's behavior, without the need for laws and charters.Racial discrimination is the root of poverty, underdevelopment and hatred and leads to conflicts that lead to depriving sects and minorities of humanity of their human rights and marginalizing them and prevents progress and advancement of humanity, and leads to the departure of individuals, peoples, and sects to a detestable negative thinking whose essence is intolerance, and this is what happens in many countries of the world under Names of ethnic conflicts, and the crisis of minorities. ...and others.The study consists of an introduction showing the importance of the research topic, and the reason for choosing it, and it consists of three sections. The first section deals with the concept of racial discrimination and Islamic thought, its origins and forms, the second topic, the evidence from the Holy Qur’an and the Prophet’s Sunnah about racial discrimination, and the third section guarantees the right to equality before Sharia and law. (Racial discrimination in Islamic Thought)

Research Summary:
It is very important to talk about the importance of the rights of minorities in times of war in light of Islamic legislation because the true street has established solid rules against all attitudes that are excessively exaggerated or excessively tolerant. There are unnatural circumstances between the countries that follow it, such as wars, as if these minorities are associated with the enemy by a certain bond, such as religion or nationality and the like.:Opening words Rights, minorities, war, unity, cohesion,

Abstract
Usury has not a unified form. As there are forms that documented, some have the usury cause and its reality. Others are considered a means and a cause that lead to it. Among these which are prohibited by the legislator -Allah- from the majority of jurists’ perspective is bai` al-`ianh. So, they extensively explained it and elicited its reasons. Moreover, al-`ianh in terms of sale is what jurists discussed and clarified. However, the notion of al-`ianh regarding leasing is a current incident that has taken place recently and expands for different reasons. Thus, the current study entitled “al-`ianh of leasing- a jurisprudential study” stems from that notion. The study answers the following question: Does al-`ianh applied in leasing-contract as it does in contract of sale according to the majority of jurists? The study concluded that al-`ianh is applied in leasing as it occurs in sale so that it is forbidden. Key Words: al-`ianh, usury, sale, leasing, trick, tricks

Abstract
The analytical descriptive approach based on the study of the phenomenon as it is actually found and based on the field survey for data was followed through the questionnaire, the necessary approvals were taken from the university for the banks research sample to distribute the questionnaire to the sample members and then recovered and then converted into information and monitoring the results in special tables statistically analyzed using the statistical analysis program (SPSS) and to show the impact of the speculative formulas and participation in economic development and the results were presented and the recommendations were written.

Abstract
Arabic grammar was not only a science concerned with tracing the signs of syntax and construction, but it is also a science concerned with the meanings of speech, and noting the importance of semantics at its structural level, I tried to touch it with the poet Abu Al-Ala Al-Ma’arri, specifically in his nuniyyah (Ibn Transversal of the Classes), so I followed a descriptive approach To reveal what was the relationship between the form of structure and meaning, and the search for three sections preceded by a preface and followed by a conclusion..Keywords: structure, grammatical structure, meaning, Ma'arri, row viewer.

Summary
Abu Saad Al-Makhzoumi is considered one of the literary figures that appeared in the Abbasid era or had used some arts Arabic poetry that appeared in his poetry, it won the admiration of the ancients, which indicated his personal career Which was distributed in the most important books of Arabic literature despite the loss of some issues pertaining to this poet, but What is important in this is the presence of a poet who has literary value in that period of time, on the basis of the poetry that characterized him
With it, he was attached to the caliphs who paid attention to Arabic poetry, which became clearly the political motivation for creativity

Abstract
The Poetic image is one of the essential elements in the creation of poetic meaning together with the poetic language and rhythm. The poetic meaning transgresses the verbal meaning known in the normal language which aims at stating and notifying towards another semantic structure which is idiomatically called the "second meaning" or the "meaning of meaning" and it reveals the properties of the poetic power concerning function, illustration and connotation together. Three poems for three outstanding poets are selected for this paper; they belong to different generations of Arabic poetry, namely the pioneering poet Abdul-Wahab Al-Bayati, the Egyptian poet of the 1960's generation Amal Danqal and the poetess Bushra Al-Bustani who belongs to another generation, later than Amal Danqal. We attempt an analysis of their poems according to the title and its open spaces to wide horizons
shaping the image ، crafting meaning ، modern poem : key words

Abstract
This research is a grammatical study of verbal sentence which has more than four parsings in Surat Al-Baqarah . This research provided a preface and applied study. The preface presented the definition of the sentence in language and terminology, the definition of the verbal sentence and a definition of sentences that have place in parsing and that do not have a place of parsing and dealing with enumerating its most important parts. The applied study was devoted to the study the verbal sentence which has four or more parsings Then the study was followed with a conclusion that included the most important results Key word: verbal sentence, More than one parsings, Surat Al-Baqarah.

Abstract: My research, which is tagged with (Grammatical Permissibility in Two-Faced Sentences in the Noble Qur’an: Predicate, Adverb, and what might be possible from another aspect that has a place of parsing as a model), which is a research extracted from my master's thesis, was divided into two demands, the first requirement: the news and its possible from another aspect, and the second requirement: the situation and what is possible from another aspect.Keywords: passport, grammar, syntax, two sides, the Qur'an, sentences.

Abstract
The aim of the research is to obtain a religious discourse that contributes to strengthening brotherhood and love among members of society, strengthening the bonds of community peace and rejecting denominational and sectarianism. The problem of the study and its importance was represented by answering the following questions: What are the constants? And what are the variables? What is meant by "the renewal of Islamic religious discourse"? And what is globalization? What are the challenges of globalization? How do we reduce the challenges of globalization? What is the difference between religious text and Islamic religious discourse? What is the moderation of Islamic religious discourse? What is the relationship between renewal and diligence? What is the relationship between globalization and the universality of Islamic religious discourse? What is the role of Islamic religious discourse in human reform? I concluded my research with recommendations that enhance the process of scientific research, and the possibility of benefiting from the results of the research, as parents, teachers, and men of advocacy and reform. In my research, I adopted the analytical approach and the descriptive approach, as I defined the terms related to the research as well as the terms related to the topic, according to the language and according to the nodal term, and attributing the provisions contained in these texts to the Qur'an and Sunnah.
Keywords: constants – variables - Islamic religious discourse – globalization.

Research summary
Guidance is one of the best ways to influence others, and It is an effective graphic mechanism to achieve influence on the recipient, and the alliance is one of the mechanisms of guidance, which represents an effective force in achieving the goals and demands and directing the texts to serve the speaker’s desire and the importance of this research approach studying the alliance as a wave of arguments in the speeches and commandments of the Pre- Islamic era.Especially since the oath and the oath were among the things that the Arabs adhered to, so they document their words and achieve their demands by excite the recipient. The concept of guidance and its importance and the types of directives and the difference between them in directing texts and influencing the recipient and their ability to achieve communication, then the concept of oath, its characteristics, its persuasive argumentative power, its argumentative factors, and its relationship to the station. Indicating the extent of the impact of this on the recipients of their different levels and explaining the most important challenges facing the text maker to achieve his desired goal. The study concluded that the sermons and commandments in the pre-Islamic era represented a clear picture of the life of the Arabs and their ability to employ their linguistic mechanisms to serve their goals, especially those closely related to their life matters such as the oath. Which they employed as a guide to the joints of their texts because of their knowledge of its influencing, emphasizing and perceptive properties They are effective in guiding and persuading.Keys words: Swear, Guidance of Hajjaj, Guidance, Hajjaj, maqam.

Abstract
Al-Malwani is one of the contemporary writers who have been interested in building the fictional personal in their novel.In presenting the personality, he relies on the psychological approach of the personal, showing the conditions and descriptions of the personal according to the position that personal occupies in that novel, and according to the role he chose for them and the presentation of the developing personality is different from the presentation of the fixed personality.He excelled in describing the passing and developing personal, and he used to lengthen the description of the passing personal to perform those the plot novelist.
As for the fixed Personal, it was for him the exact size of the land, and it is fixed in every novel.

Abstract:
The current research aims to identify the prevailing values in the history book for the sixth grade of middle school. Literature and previous studies The research tool consisted of (8) areas (40) paragraphs, the researcher verified its validity and stability after presenting it to a group of experts and arbitrators in the field of educational and psychological sciences and teaching methods, where the areas of the scale obtained an agreement percentage (80%) , The researcher extracted the reliability coefficient by applying the (Holist) equation, which amounted to (94 and .%), and this is an acceptable indicator for measuring reliability, and for analyzing and interpreting the data, the researcher used the following statistical methods: (percentage (%),To identify the percentage of values in the content, which is an arithmetic means, the general average of values and fields to identify the prevailing values, the Holstey equation to find stability among analysts), and the results of the study, after completing all the statistical procedures, revealed the superiority of some fields over others from the total broadcasts of the history book for the sixth grade. prep And the emergence of other fields to an acceptable degree, and the lack or weakness of emphasis on the value ideas that make up other areas,and in light of this, the researcher recommended a number of recommendations
Keywords (values, history book, sixth preparatory)

Extract
The current research aims to identify the level of flexible thinking and its relationship to curiosity among students of the College of Education for Human Sciences. And by answering the following questions: Are there statistically significant differences in the level of flexible thinking among university students according to the gender variable. Are there statistically significant differences in the level of curiosity among university students according to the gender variable, is there a statistically significant correlation between flexible thinking and the level of curiosity among the members of the research sample. The research was limited to university students for the academic year (2020-2021). The research sample included (400) male and female students. To achieve the goal of the research, the researcher prepared a scale of flexible thinking and adopted a scale of curiosity. The data were treated statistically using the statistical package for social sciences ( SPSS ) and the results showed the following : There are no statistically significant differences in the level of flexible thinking among the sample members according to the gender variable. no there is differences with indication Statistic in level Curiosity I have Individuals the sample according to for variable sex .There is a statistically significant correlation between the two variables, flexible thinking and curiosity. In light of the results, the researcher reached a set of recommendations and suggestions.

Abstract
This paper deals with identities as a hidden representation of the titles of literary texts through a critical approach in the headings of poetry collections by the poet Sarkun Bolus, Let's stand on it with an aesthetic interpretation, demonstrating her amazing presence, a parallel text that identifies the self-intent that produced those creative titles. s identity is a legitimate conjunction that calls for poetic titles, a codified example of a poetic self-identity. Keywords: identity, address, critical approach.

Abstract
With the inability of successive governments to change this reality and reach great slopes, today Iraq in general lives with compelling health and educational conditions, which have greatly affected the health and educational reality in the country, which prompted those concerned to take various measures at newspapers, magazines, research and studies in line with the aspect, and in order to Shedding light on the reality of health and education in the era of Abd al-Karim Qassem. The previous one was found from the lesson and the benefit from the previous periods in this aspect. The choice of the title of our research tagged with “The Health and Educational Reality in the Al-Qasimi Era (1958-1963)” came.The research consisted of an introduction, two chapters and a conclusion. In the first topic, we discussed the change in educational policy in the two periods "before and after the 1958 revolution." The second topic of health care is a basic and urgent necessity for the development of any society. By neglecting this vital facility, the state loses an element and a major factor of production in economic and social life, as caring for the human element is a pillar of economic development and its goals in the period preceding the July 14 revolution, and then we follow the development taking place in it

Conclusion:
Although the specter of violence and bloody terrorism has dominated most of the novels published after 2003, this has not stopped those stories of cultural and intellectual terrorism. Terrorism has not only been on the verge of bloody violence, Media and civilization. The presence of the cultural concern, as it were, in the Iraqi novel after 2003 was not as clear and important in the presentation and treatment. As well as different aspects of the novel to the other. The impact of war and terrorism on culture, art, literature and language, as well as the loss of the historical and cultural identity of the country after the burning of libraries, the theft of museums and the smuggling of antiquities when entering the American occupier. Opening words: cultural terrorism, cultural identity, civilization, creativity

Summary
The aim of the research is to use the tools of the Iraqi foreign policy towards the United States of America represented by the diplomatic tool and the extent of its success in achieving its goals with a superpower, and the media tool by rejecting the Camp David agreement between Egypt and Israel, and then towards the United States, where the relations between the country were ebb and flow and tinged with anxiety Often as a result of regional and international conditions, in addition to the economic tool, which has been considered one of the important and effective tools continuously for a long time, as Iraq used this tool by signing many commercial contracts and customs exemptions in exchange for guarantees, aid and soft loans, as for the employment of organizations International and regional, through the positions and resolutions of the United Nations, international non-governmental organizations, and the League of Arab States, but as a result of international and regional developments that have cast a shadow over Iraq’s relations with the United States of America towards divergence and gradual conflict and its development into hostility.
Keywords: foreign policy – Diplomacy – Iraq – the United States of America – International and regional organizations.

Abstract
The Iraqi woman played a major role with her male brother in patriotic situations that require the participation of all citizens to stand side by side against any danger that threatens the country.
Alashrien Revolution was the first of the situations to test women in our modern age, therefore, the royal era was the beginning of shedding light on the role of Iraqi women in establishing the woman’s rights movement, passing through “women of confrontation” in the republican era, and the role those Iraqi women played in post-2003 Iraq, which had a positive impact. In allowing Iraqi women to build the same as men, and at the same time we find that they suffer the most after the fall of the political regime, as a result of the security deterioration and political instability, so the stage of the occupation of Iraqi cities by the terrorist organization ISIS has become the most violent phase for women in the contemporary history of Iraq,
It is intended to return Iraq to the pre-Islamic eras, and here the Iraqi woman was not only a victim of this organization but was also a rebellious and sacrificing one who stood alongside the man in the resistance and rejection of the terrorist organization, Therefore, the research presented four female models from hundreds of women who took an honorable stand alongside the liberation of these cities from the terrorist organization ISIS.

Abstract
The scientific theft (plagiarism) is considered lesion that most universities and educational institutions have problem with. The technology and the legislative aspect have the role t in facilitating the expansion of this phenomenon.Simply speaking, the crime of scientific theft is quoting an idea or novel information without referencing to the original source with an intention. The scientific theft (plagiarism) is whether a complete or partial quote of ideas or information from a work or websites without referencing to the original source or using ideas or information obtained by the researcher via personal interviews, without referencing to that in the content of his or her research, or the translation of the idea of information or work from one language to the language used by the researcher without mentioning the original source or the researcher inserts the name of another researcher who did not participate in the writing of the research or a researcher makes agreement with another person on writing or preparing a whole research or part of it, it is equal whether it is in return or free of charge.

الملخص :
بدأ علماء السياسة الجنائية وعلم العقاب الحديث الى التحرك لإيجاد بدائل عن العقوبات السالبة للحرية , وبما ان العقوبة لم تعد تجدي نفعا في تحقيقها للردع بنوعيه ومن ثم وجوب اتخاذ عدد من الاجراءات ومنها التدابير اللازمة لعلاج ظاهرة الزيادة في اعداد السجناء وامكانية استبدال العقوبات السالبة للحرية بالتدابير البديلة والمؤهلة ؛ وان هذا سوف يتيح للمحكوم عليهم ان يتم دمجهم في الحياة الاجتماعية وبذلك سيصبحون اعضاء فاعلين في المجتمع ، ولهذا فالدول بدأت تتغير فلسفتها في ايقاع العقوبة و تجنب الآثار السلبية للعقوبة السالبة للحرية سواء على الجاني او المجتمع وايجاد الحلول البديلة عن السجن والسعي والعمل على توظيف ذلك بما يحقق للمجتمع الغاية المرجوة من العقوبة وبهذا فأن غالبية الدول بدأت بتبني نظام العقوبات البديلة .الكلمات المفتاحية : العقوبات البديلة , دواعيها , اسبابها , نظام وقف التنفيذ , الافراج الشرطي .

Abstract
The constitutional judiciary, represented by the constitutional courts, represents the competent authority to protect the constitutional document, preserve the rights and freedoms that it guarantees, and ensure that all authorities adhere to them. It does not take a single approach. Some countries may adopt the method of judicial oversight, while some of them adopt the method of political control, and some of them take control. Centralization in its custody to a judicial body, including those who make it a common matter among all other courts of various kinds, as well as the control varies between the control of cancellation, abstention or invalidity, and the control of the constitutionality of laws has a prominent and distinct effect in preserving rights and freedoms and achieving a balance between authorities, as it is the protector of the constitution and the sponsor of its texts
Keywords: constitutional courts, control over the constitutionality of laws, the Iraqi Federal Supreme Court.

ABSTRACT
Praise be to God, Lord of the Worlds, and the end is for the righteous, and there is no aggression except against the wrongdoers, and prayers and peace be upon the most honorable of the worlds, our master and beloved Muhammad, peace and blessings be upon him, and his family, companions, wives and all his offspring.And after: God Almighty revealed the Noble Qur’an and made it a constitution for humanity to follow. One of the features of Islamic Sharia is that it meets the needs of all people, and it is valid for every time and place. Because it comes from the Lord of the universe, who knows what a person needs.Among the partial legal rulings that the wise Sharia has dealt with and clarified to us in order to preserve people’s interests and ward off evils from them: is the topic (The Impact of Dismissal on the Contract between the Obligors in Islamic Jurisprudence and Iraqi Law). It is the subject of our research and writing, and we found that dismissal has a great impact on people’s lives and their daily dealings, as it emulates a lofty Islamic morality in tolerance with others, seeking excuses for them, and relieving their distress, which is what Muslims need today in their dealings, and this is what prompted us and stimulated our enthusiasm In writing, I will summarize the most important findings:
1. Dismissal is a legally mandated matter; This is because the Prophet, may God bless him and grant him peace, urged it.
2. Rulings for dismissal may be obligatory. And that is if it was after a hated contract, or a bad sale, and you may be delegated to it: if one of the contracting parties regrets and the sale is valid.
3. The pillars of dismissal are: offer and acceptance, and its words are in the word “dismissal” or what indicates it, and there is a difference in the word “fasth you”, and it is correct with abuse.
4. There are conditions for dismissal, including: the consent of the contracting parties, the union of the council, and that the thing sold must be present at the time of dismissal.
5. The scholars differed as to the nature of dismissal: some of them considered it annulled, and some said: a sale.
6. The dismissal of the agent is permissible in places and conditions, and the dismissal of the dismissal is permissible without peace according to some jurists.
7. The provisions of the Iraqi civil law regarding dismissal agree with the teachings of Islamic Sharia, and most agree with the opinion of Imam Abu Hanifa, may God Almighty have mercy on him.
This and whatever success was from God Almighty, and we ask God Almighty to make it purely for His sake.God bless our Prophet Muhammad and his family and him.

Abstract
Agricultural lands are a permanent natural wealth that has an economic role alongside other wealth، as it represents the basic pillar of the agricultural production process، provided attention is paid to its management and proper exploitation and protection from all forms of abuse that lead to the disruption of its productive role related to the livelihood of society، and among the most prominent attacks that occur on these lands Especially in Ir، random construction leads to its fragmentation into small pieces that are difficult to be suitable for productive agricultural exploitation، and other attacks on agricultural lands are leaving them without cultivation and negatively affecting their fertility and ability to agricultural production، and the exploitation of agricultural land for non-agricultural purposes is considered It is the other of the attacks affecting these lands.

Abstract
We have with in this research (the legle principles that came from the international wisdom of justice related to law criminal law),in three demands, we explained in the first requirement the international Court of Justice and a crime Genocide, and in the second request the international Court of Justice and war crime, as for the third request waz about The International Court of Justice and the crime of Aggression and the necessary recommendations in the field of International criminal law.

Abstract
The principle of separation of powers represents a great and basic guarantee to ensure the observance of equality between individuals and respect for their rights and freedoms. Abuse or abuse of power. The principle of separation of powers is one of the pillars of the modern state, and it constitutes the true image of democracy and the main entrance to its practice and consolidation. As for the legislative and executive authorities, it seeks to achieve the truth, deter falsehood, and preserve public freedoms from derogation and slander issued by other authorities. Thus, the judiciary has an active role in building the foundations of social justice, establishing trust between the citizen and the state, and maintaining a system of public rights that ensures the peaceful coexistence of society. And that the judiciary's exercise of its function independently is not an easy matter, but rather is beset with some difficulties, as the judiciary faces many interferences by the other two authorities. This research aims to identify the ways through which the legislative and executive authorities can interfere in the affairs of the judiciary and its work, which affect the independence of the judiciary in the end, as well as clarifying the guarantees that enable the judiciary to maintain the independence of the judiciary in the face of the other two authorities when it exceeds its limits and violates the independence of the judiciary and eat

Abstract: The study aims to Show the impact of tax legislation on tax revenues and Identify the impact of tax legislation on tax accounting and reduce tax evasion from the point of view of chartered accountants, university professors and Income Tax Department employees in Erbil Governorate - Kurdistan Region / Iraq, to contribute to drawing up Tax policies that achieve justice between the seller and the buyer and prevent tax evasion and tax avoidance and increase and raise the tax base that leads to higher tax returns to the treasury, which leads to the recovery of the Iraqi economy, and to achieve the goals required from the study, the researchers prepared a questionnaire form Previous studies in the field of their study, and one of the most important findings of the study are: The need to reconsider tax laws in Iraq and the Kurdistan Region, either through amending them or enacting new laws to avoid errors in previous laws and legislation. And the enactment of special tax laws to replace the income tax Low-income earners and those with limited income should also use them as tools in the hands of the state that contribute to economic development, He got rid of the bad effects of modern industries and the necessity of holding conferences and seminars to develop the level and efficiency of tax department employees.
Keywords: Tax, Tax legislation, Tax accounting, reducing tax evasion
● Research extracted in a Dissertation

Research Summary
The quality of services comes in winning the consumer by promoting goods or services regardless of the moral aspect, so it was necessary in the logic of social responsibility that the services provided to the consumer be linked to a committed ethical system, which requires economic institutions or companies to take into account this restriction in the event of the work of these institutions Economic in light of a social system that seeks to build the individual and society. opening words:Service quality, the impact of quality on the consumer, the effects of quality, the ethical approach to quality, and consumer behavior

Summary
The knowledge revolution in the field of communication and information, which entered all media joints, effectively contributed to the creation of new communication patterns that resulted in the emergence of previously unknown concepts and terms such as electronic journalism and news sites, which in turn created new spaces that transcended geographical, political and social borders, and opened a new method of communication between individuals. And the peoples, in addition to introducing a new development in the structure of the traditional media and making them rely on the work of electronic news sites, some of which are linked to news channels such as CNN and RT (international Arabic-speaking news). Hence the problem of this study came to know (the editorial methods on which the electronic news is built on the international Arabic-speaking websites), and the researcher has identified the objectives of his study, the most prominent of which are: identifying the traditional structural elements on which the electronic news is built, and knowing the technical methods used in my CNN Arabic websites. In presenting the news, and investigating the level of the media language used in editing the news published on the study site.This research is a descriptive research, based on the analytical descriptive survey method, as it is the most appropriate method used in media studies. The researcher relied on the content analysis form, which was divided into (6) main categories and (33) sub-categories.The study community included all the news published on the Arabic-speaking international website (CNN) during the time period (1/5/2020 to 7/31/2020). 354. News according to this method.

Summary
graph of the study the graph of the study graph and the study dictated by the study found by the study on which the study was conducted; At an average rate and needs more attention to the topic, the development of functional job performance.He recommended the study in the general education process in the laboratory to change and the process in the general educational process.
Key words: human resource tools, engineering, technological dimension, high performance, land lab

Abstract
This study aims at investigating the causes of a low level in textual translation that students of English department encounter, and determining college students attitudes in Arabic and English translation. It is hypothesized that students of English department have different attitudes concerning the causes of the low level in textual translation. Teaching method used in textual translation is the main reason concerned a low level in students' ability in textual translation.The study is limited to textual translation taught to fourth year students \ English department \ College of Education for human sciences \ University of Tikrit \ for the academic year 2020-2021.After completing the questionnaire to the selected sample and analyzing data collected, the most important of results of the study argues that the main reason behind students weakness is the method used in teaching translation and the time devoted for translation activities. Also, special attention is paid for translation for teaching in general and textual translation in particular because most of the students believe that it reflects the culture of the target language more than other types of translation such as free and literary translation, a questionnaire is constructed for EFL leamers so as to verify the hypotheses of the Current study and show their opinions about the reasons of low level in textual translation. Then a sample of twenty college students was chosen.Key words: interlinear, parameter, population, protocol, simple, verbose.

Abstract
This paper sheds light on the element of pathos and its combination with the idea of beauty in The Bluest Eye (1970). In this novel, Toni Morrison tackles the issues and problems that African Americans face in contemporary America. Morrison's novels focus on the experiences of the blacks and their struggle in their communities. Morrison also shows the sufferings of the blacks overtime. In addition to that, Morrison shows how the blacks try to deny their existence and follow the values of the whites in the American society.
Key words: whites, beauty, blue eyes , African Americans, blacks.

Abstract
Humor has a significant influence on our life, an influence no one can deny, which can be both positive and negative depending on how people use it. As it can be a source of relief and delight, it also can be a source of grief and harm. The study aims to find out people’s opinions about offensive humor. The researcher conducts a questionnaire that has been distributed online to 100 people from Iraq, Jordan, and Syria. The Quantitative Approach is used in analyzing the collected data. The study shows various results, some of which are that majority of people believe that humor should have limits in terms of its topics especially (religion, politics, and physical appearances). Humor can be expressed positively without causing harm to anyone; otherwise, it is considered bullying.
Keywords: Humor, Offensive Humor, Humor Limits, Verbal Harm, Humor morality.

Abstract
In Heart of Darkness, Joseph Conrad utilizes the technique of presenting the images of contradiction and comparison to reveal the discrepancy between the colonizers' claim of civilizing the Africans and the savagery with which they control them. The research shows how the novel treats its theme through the presentation of the contradictory images of primitive Africa and civilized Europe, of the order in the colonizers' stations and the devastation they inflict everywhere in Congo, of light and darkness, of the elegance of the European employees and the deformity of the native characters, and of the eloquence of the Europeans and the lack of expression of the Africans, as well as through the comparison between Kurtz, the protagonist of the novel, and Marlow its narrator, and between England's past and present, being a colonized and a colonizing country. These contradictions and comparisons imply Conrad's denunciation of colonization as a process of enlightening and betray its atrocious deeds.

introduction
The most noble of sciences is the science of faith, as it is the one that gives insight to the person responsible for the affairs of his religion, and guides him to the righteousness of his world and the hereafter, as it shows the limits of his relationship with his Lord Almighty and with his brother man, and with this land that ALLAH Almighty subjugated to him to live, and realize the meaning of succession and that it is one of the great foundations of Islam Hold fast to the rope of ALLAH all together and not to separate, the Almighty said: And hold fast to the rope of ALLAH all together, and do not fear them in anything. Of opinions, ideas and beliefs in which they contradicted the fundamentals of religion and faith, and contradicted what the people of the Sunnah and the group were upon and what the companions, may ALLAH be pleased with them and the righteous predecessors followed. Narratives are one of the sources of belief and legislation for them, hence my study titled “The Narratives Attributed to the Imami Shi’a Imams and Their Impact on Their Beliefs”; A contribution to revealing the extent to which these narrations influence their beliefs, and to clarify the extent to which these beliefs contradict the belief of Ahlus Sunnah wal Jama`ah.