Journal of The Iraqi University

the name of God the Merciful
And prayers and peace be upon the Messengers Muhammad and his family companions, either:
It has served researchers and scholars over the centuries the Holy Quran , as is the source of all the richness of intellectual and tender scientific and varied ways to study the sciences in spite of its approach and one not , and is to show the likeness and Inh for all the Koran is the closet of Science ( Say: If the sea was Madada the words of my Lord to run out of the sea before they run out of words of my Lord , even if we came in kind terms ) cave verse (109) They have studied single Quranic extensive study and have raised the theory of systems of Gerjani in his evidence miracle my interest , what meant and how I achieved the systems good and no one else I chose after depending on God ( Almighty ) word in the Koran and had this idea a starting point to initiate this research I chose after depending on God's word ( cabinets ) and the marker of this research (b word cabinets in the Quran ) came to this research to pave stating semantic development of this word tyro mentioning the root triple word and what they show him and how they have evolved significance over the ages and embarked on a search for its significance and what impact that resulted from the change in the site Bedouin who solved it and how it had an impact in determining this significance without the other and emerged this command when Access in the first section , which was titled the moral significance of the term cabinets in the Koran as indications emerged multi- influenced research and has sustained many moral connotations and this Unlike The second topic was titled significance verbal word cabinets in the Koran , as was its significance is limited and put the art in the finale and was thus reached _ The formula ( storage ) is not only a matter of semantics on the exclamation as quoted formula from one format to another in the act of the building it did exclamation that he had been transferred from an act and act to act until it became his recipe being able to progress and then built it already was told: what I'm doing , but let him think about what is the hair has also recounted Abu Zeid . As well as kill him and Okverh : we have is to kill and Kafr recognition but did not appear in the spoken word .

Summary
Tafsir (liberation and enlightenment) “liberating the correct meaning and enlightening the new mind from the interpretation of the Glorious Book” has gained an important place among the books of interpretation, until it became the fastest book of interpretation to capture the thoughts of researchers, due to what it included of editing, investigation and refinement, in addition to its attention to the rhetorical aspect of the Holy Qur’an. Among that is his concern for the good choice of words, and the statement of the systemic proportionality between the words of the Noble Qur’an, and this research shows an aspect of the good choice of words in the Noble Qur’an; And it is a good fit for the attributes of God Almighty contained in the conclusion of the verses to the content of the verses, or to what is before or after them, so it collects the examples in which Ibn Ashour demonstrated the appropriateness of these attributes, and clarifies this occasion and increases it with a statement, especially the places in which Ibn Ashour beautifulized the aspect of proportionality, and compares the words of Ibn Ashour In the words of a group of commentators who also took care of this aspect; To clarify the aspects of agreement and disagreement between his words and theirs, and it helps the reader to reflect on the Holy Qur’an as much as possible, and contributes to revealing the rhetorical taste of Ibn Ashour.Keywords: proportionality, Ibn Ashour, attributes.

Research Summary
The summary of this research can be summarized in the life of Muhammad al-Asam, his name, lineage, nickname, his sheikhs, his disciples, the praise of scholars on him, and the hadiths about which Muhammad al-Asam spoke in the history book of Yahya bin Ma’in (Al-Dawri) extracting hadiths and artifacts from the books of the Sunnah, and studying the chain of narrators and the conditions of narrators by mentioning each narrator in the sequence of the chain of narrators and stating his name His lineage, his nickname, his death, and then he mentioned some of his sheikhs and his students for the sake of brevity.

Research Summary
Narratives of Thor bin Yazid in Musnad Al-Darimi, an analytical study Through the study of his life, it was found that he was one of the great followers of the followers, as he was quoted from the followers who narrated from the companions (May God be pleased with them) and he is one of the scholars of Syria and their asceticism, as he was a pious and ascetic, despite his frequent mention of God Almighty (May God be pleased with them) I extracted the hadiths from their original sources, then studied the isnad, then judged the isnad of the hadith by looking at the sayings of the scholars of Jarh and Taddeel, clarifying after that the words from the books of strange hadiths, then explaining the hadiths in some detail from the books of explanations, then I mentioned the benefits derived from Talk and then conclusion .

Abstract
Praise be to God, Lord of the Worlds, and prayers and peace be upon the Seal of the Prophets and Messengers, our Prophet Muhammad al-Sadiq al-Amin, and upon all his family and companions. And after: the jurisprudential sayings of Imam Muhammad ibn al-Hasan al-Shaibani (may God have mercy on him) at the Hanafi school assumed a noble rank and an honorable position, as he is considered one of the companions, and one of the pillars upon which Hanafi jurisprudence is built; Therefore, scholars have collected it in independent compilations, among them the jurist Suleiman bin Shuaib al-Kisani in a separate book called (Al-Kisaniyat), and unfortunately it is a missing book, and the quotes about it were scattered in various sources. I traced the places in the building, collected them, and then this research came out in this comparative jurisprudence study. Praise be to God in the first and the hereafter. key words: Al-Kisaniyat, Al-Shaibani, Al-Banna, Al-Hidayah.

Research Summary
In this research, I collected hadiths on the virtues of the Black Stone from the books of the Prophetic Sunnah, and because the Black Stone is the most honorable stone on the face of the earth, and it is the most honorable part of the Sacred House, so it is prescribed to kiss and touch it, and to place the cheek and forehead on it. And that the Black Stone was very white, but it was blackened by the sins of the servants. There is nothing on earth from Paradise other than the Black Stone. And God Almighty will resurrect the Black Stone on the Day of Resurrection greater than the mountain of Abu Qubais or like the mountain of Uhud. And that the Black Stone is God’s right hand on earth, with which he shakes hands with whomever He wills of His creation. And wiping the Black Stone goes away sins and sins and decreases them. And the corner of the Black Stone and the station of Abraham from the dates of Paradise are obliterated, and God took away their light.I have extracted these hadiths by mentioning the imams who came out in their works from the books of the authentic Sunnah of the Prophet (Sahih books, Sunan and Musnads, dictionaries, Histories of men and countries, hadith books of Amali, and benefits, and some of the books of interpretation and authentic beliefs, hadith portions, books of weak, trusted books , and books by specific narrators, and some of the books of hadith sciences), explaining their methods and limiting them as much as possible and needed, guided in all of that by the rules of the principles of takhrej and the rules of hadith sciences, and the words of the imams of this art, and their rulings and investigations. Then I categorized them according to the books and jurisprudence chapters found in the books of the Sunnah of the Prophet in order to ensure the interest in jurisprudence, hadith, linguistics and fundamentalism that the chapter contains. I numbered the hadiths to indicate the order and sequence of the hadiths to make it easier for me to refer to it.
After translating the men of the chain of narrators and knowing the final ruling on them, I judge the chain of narrators of the hadith starting with its validity, goodness, or almost weakness and facilitation, then I proceed to explain the state of its chain of transmission. of him talking.
The research was divided into an introduction and six chapters. As for the introduction, it mentioned the virtue of the Prophetic Sunnah, the importance of the topic, the reason for choosing it, the research plan and the research method in the study of hadiths.In the first section, the hadiths about the Black Stone being from Paradise were mentioned. As for the second topic, it was mentioned in the hadiths that show that there is nothing on earth from Paradise except the Black Stone. The third topic was in mentioning the hadiths of the testimony of the Black Stone on the Day of Resurrection. The fourth topic came in mentioning the hadiths about the virtue of wiping over the Black Stone. In the fifth topic, the hadiths mentioned that the Black Stone is the right hand of God. In the sixth topic, she showed the hadiths that prove that the Black Stone is one of the dates of Paradise. As for the conclusion, it mentioned the most important findings of the research.

Conclusion:
This research aims to stand on the most important components of the Prophetic school led by our Noble Messenger (may God bless him and grant him peace), and how to teach the Companions, may God be pleased with them all, by collecting and reviewing learning hadiths and ways of communicating information to the Companions, and the extent to which these prophetic instructions are accepted by them, and how The Messenger (may God bless him and grant him peace) used these methods to build the personalities of the Companions, may God be pleased with them, and what are the most important fruits that reaped from this prophetic education that the Companions benefited from and we after them key words The Messenger, hadiths, Al-Bukhari, Muslim, school, knowledge, trace, companion

With the industrial developments in the food industry, many new delicacies have been invented including food with edible gold which is sold at expensive prices. This research aims to determine the legal ruling regarding eating gold utilizing previous jurisprudence on the use of gold and legal foods.

Research Summary:
This research is concerned with the study of contemporary jurisprudential issues, such as: (Microblading and Lash Lifting). I have dealt with these two issues from the emerging issues related to the provisions of adornment, and it was appropriate to prepare a research in order to introduce them, and the legal adaptation of them to reach their legal ruling. The research has taken the inductive descriptive deductive method.
Key words: (adornment, microblading, tattoo, lash lift).

ABSTRACT
  This research came under the title (electronic marriage contract, a comparative jurisprudence study), and it aims to clarify the knowledge of the concept of the electronic marriage contract, its importance, and the most prominent features that distinguish it from the traditional contract, the steps and stages followed in its conduct, the contracting council through which it is carried out, and its legal adaptation. And his ruling in Islamic jurisprudence. In this research, I followed the inductive method. It has reached the most important results: that the electronic marriage contract is a service provided by the Ministry of Justice that allows the completion of all procedures for the marriage contract electronically through the unified national platform (Absher) with ease and ease. Acceptance is a time interval, and it is defined as a new procedure for concluding the marriage contract enacted by the guardian to provide facilitation services when concluding the marriage contract, and is not considered to be the creation of a new formula for the marriage contract.
Keywords: Contract - marriage - electronic - study - jurisprudence.

My research tagged with (grammatical permissibility in sentences with six faces and above in the Holy Qur’an), a research extracted from my doctoral thesis. It was divided into three demands, the first: news and what is permissible with it, the second: descriptive, and the third: substitution. Passport, sentences, grammar six, faces, the Qur’an.

Abstract:
Through this research, we will show the falseness of the Jewish claims that they are God’s chosen people, so how can they be (God’s chosen people) and they are atheists in the existence of God Almighty, and how a true heavenly religion is not distorted for a few people without others, and is religion heredity or work and worship. And is this world a home of affliction and testing, or a home of stability and eternal life? All of these things we will learn about, and we will also convey the Jewish method in dealing with the Creator (God Almighty), if they deal with God Almighty in this way, how do they deal with humans. All this by translating some literary texts in Hebrew poetry Keywords : Atheism , creed, Hebrew literature , Hebrew poetry

Abstract: The researcher sought to study the spatial heart in the subject of the morphological balance, relying on its role in the Arabic language system, analyzing the changes that occur in speech and revealing the effects of heart images on vocabulary, tracing its patterns, dusting off the dust by presenting the means of the heart and identifying the causes of that place. In order to activate his role and identifying the causes of that place. In order to activate his role and communicate his ideas to the recipient.

ABSTRACT
“Poetic documentation” represents a given experience established by the urging desire of the creative in participating on his own way in dating the consequences of the novel corona virus (Covid 19). For checking this attempt, the poem: “Corona and Fairies” by the physician poet Hajar Al-Banaali has been selected. It is an exceptional documentation fruit. The author who created it collected between deep knowledge and tactful skill in both art and medicine. He mixed as well in his documentary standing between poetry and narration. So, its topic, artistic and humanitarian richness is a good reason for its selection. The narrative approach was the most appropriate approach for investigating it. The nature of the research made it necessary to be initiated by a preamble, an introduction, four sections and a conclusion. The preamble clarifies the goal of the lesson, its methodology and names the selected poem and its author. Then, the whole poem is displayed, because the virtual world which is threatened to be wiped out is its only preserving container and has never been published in any paper material. The introduction addresses the relation between poetry and narration and differentiates between the story and discourse. Then, four sections were added to check: the narrator, the angle of perspective, the essence of the narrated text structure differences, and finally the role of the narrated-to in the narrative process.The current study led to a set of results the prominent of which is: the escape of the poet from the trap (of documentation construction / poetry of occasions) which some who tried “poetical documentation) fell into during Corona pandemic. The difference also clearly appears quantitatively and qualitatively in the use of storytelling styles: (narrating the actions, narrating the sayings, narrating the situations), but the difference did not influence the art of text or reduce its quality. Finally, the critical test refers to the combination of “the artistic wonder dimension” with “enlightening awareness dimension” for offering a community service in an artistic form far from preaching and directness.Keywords: Mechanisms of Narration Work - Corona and Fairies (Jin) - Hajar Al-Banaali – Covid 19 -narrative approach

Abstract
The royal regulations, or what is referred to as the mirrors of the kings, is considered as one of the important subjects in the history of the political Islamic thought. In principle, they deal with a special model as they represent the closed circle of the royalty. At the same time, they are characterized with media and propaganda features as they are available in publicly feasible books. They involve viewpoints about the royal regulations. On the other hand, they tackle what is related to the population. This is supposed to be laid in a scientific way with a religious dimension, yet the propaganda one could be concealed in many writings. This is due to the fact that such writings have been derived from a specific cultural context. As a result, this could hide many thoughts and contexts which could come up by various generations through the course of time. This could take place within a specific cultural domain making it contextually dominant with many people considering them as a group of structural and contextual Constance. Such constancies we’re capable of determining views and ideas which conceal a lot of things presented by expressions, quotations, metaphor or a specific way of interpretation. The present study attempts to clarify this and supply an account of the manner of thinking which has been which has been adopted by the thinking context which is represented by the royal regulations, or the mirrors of the kings.

Abstract :
The research paper aims to prepare a project for the manufacture of a digital library for the student in the Department of Holy Quran and Islamic Education in the College of Education Ibn Rushd for Human Sciences / University of Baghdad. And it relied on the descriptive approach and the survey method to collect data, and the form was distributed through electronic classes and social media programs, and the answers of (40) forms were analyzed, in the light of which the most referred sources were identified and adopted as digital content to build the foundation of the library, And (65) male and female students 100% confirmed that the library is useful after it was sent to them through social media programs (WhatsApp and Telegram). Among the results and recommendations of the research:
1-The digital library provides the beneficiaries with electronic means to deal with information that are more effective than the traditional daily tools in terms of storage, quick preservation and archiving.
2-Teaching the subject of digital libraries and making them single within the curriculum library and scientific research and teaching students how to prepare their own digital library by collecting the electronic resources they need and placing them in the library.
Keywords : Islamic Library, Digital Library, Department of Holy Quran Sciences and Islamic Education

Abstract:
language is the evidence and flags of the prophet hood of the Messenger(peace be upon him)are among the important of topics in the biography of the prophets because they shows the evidence and evidence for the messenger and the miracles God favored with him that demonstrate the sincerity of his call and his message and it is one of the topics that received the attention of writers from the East and west and during successive periods of centuries historically the importance of its study lies in the fact that it reflects the identity of the believer and his pride in his noble Messenger and what God the Mighty and sublime supported from the miracles the miracles and evidence of k prophecies

Abstract of the research: The research is based on analysis and investigation on the research in the Encyclopedia of Orientalists, the Islamic Encyclopedia, about the different races of society and to collect what was scattered about them in the scattered Orientalist articles to show the fields of social diversity and the reasons for peaceful coexistence in the Islamic society. Taking into consideration the definition of this important encyclopedia and identifying the areas of benefit from it.
Opening words (Orientalism - Islamic civilization - society - encyclopedia - circle of knowledge)

Abstract.
This study dealt with the effect of thermal characteristics on the rainy seasons in Iraq for the period (1980 --2010) and for five climatic stations distributed throughout Iraq. The reason for choosing this period was the difficulty of obtaining data from the northern stations (Sulaymaniyah station). in addition to the large shortage of data. especially after the year 2014. Because of the conditions the country is going through. And it was relied on the Standard precipitation Index (SPI) to determine which type of precipitation or drought is more frequent with the annual average of temperatures (Average - minimum - maximum). The study also relied on the test of the relationship between temperature and rain. The results has explained the study showed that there is a significant inverse correlation (The lower the temperature. the greater the amount of rain) in all stations except for the Basra station. which witnessed a very weak and insignificant correlate.Key words: Thermal properties. rainy seasons. in Iraq

Abstract;
The research aims to introduce the concept of industrial zones and their importance in attracting investment and achieving development by studying international experiences, which are the experiences of Turkey and Egypt. The problem of the research lies in the lack of interest in providing an appropriate environment for investment through the establishment of industrial zones, which leads to a weak inflow of investment into the country. The importance of research comes from the importance of industrial zones as they have many benefits that are reflected in the economic development in the country in general, in addition to their importance in attracting private investment. One of the most important conclusions of the research was that by extracting the experiences of the selected countries, it was confirmed that there is a positive relationship between the provision of an appropriate investment environment, which includes the establishment of industrial zones, and the growth and development of private investment and its attracting factors. Where industrial zones contribute to the development and growth of industrial activity and the development of the industry as a whole. The study recommended the necessity of working to establish and develop industrial zones and cities due to their great importance in the well-being of the economy and society, and to benefit from the experiences of other countries in this field by providing infrastructure (such as extending transportation routes, communications networks, electricity, water, sewers, ports, airports, educational and health institutions ... etc). Keywords: industrial zones, country experiences

Abstract:
The goal of current research to know.
1. Development Acclimatization skills of children .
2. Differencess in acclimatization skills of children to the type variable of the child (Male, Female)
The sample of the current research consists of (120) children from both gender (male, female) and age (3) and (4) and (5) years for the academic year (2020-2021) . and for the purpose of measuring the research variable which acclimatization skills and the most important results of the research are:
1. The kindergarten children have the acclimatization skills.
2. No differences between males and females children in the variable of acclimatization skills .

ABSTRACT
The current research aims to know (The Effect of Structural Analysis strategy on the Achievement of Fourth-Grade Literary Students in Arabic Language and the Development of their Linguistic Intelligence), The researcher followed the experimental design with equal groups with partial control, and the researcher chose the fourth literary grade students in Al-Rabeeya Preparatory School for Boys, which is affiliated with the General Directorate of Education in Salah Al-Din Governorate for the academic year (2021-2022), and randomly chose Division (A) as an experimental group with (26) ) Student, and Division (B) as a control group with (26) students. The researcher used the research tools, which is an achievement test consisting of (20) items, and a linguistic intelligence test consisting of (12) items of the type of multiple choice. I studied the (Structural Analysis Strategy) in the acquisition of Arabic language and the development of linguistic intelligence, and in light of the results and conclusions, the researcher presented a number of recommendations and proposals, including the need to encourage Arabic language teachers to adopt esters. Structural analysis is used in planning and implementing lessons, as well as adopting a modern teaching strategy, and this strategy has an impact on increasing achievement and linguistic intelligence.
Key words: Structural Analysis Strategy, Achievement, Linguistic Intelligence.

Research Summary
The subject of objective responsibility within the framework of international law is considered one of the modern topics in legal studies, imposed by the rapid developments that the international community has known since World War II, as it occupies an important space in studies, especially international ones, which requires knowledge of its legal basis in the internal and international field, and the search for How it emerged in internal laws and then transferred to the international sphere, to fill the deficit in determining international responsibility in general, and to clarify the position of international jurisprudence and the judiciary on it.

Abstract
The local criminal legislation started considering to the interest of refugee child. This development happened because the conflict between the law and science development. Many local legislation established in the eighty of twenty century and those legislation tried to treat child suffering. In general in the twenty first century child suffers from the same issues that he was suffering in the twenty can Child safety needs to criminal protections. child can not defend himself before he is characterized as a child such as the embryo. Also, child is weak, and he needs protection after its birth, starts crawling, standing on his legs, and walking with difficulty. Child should educate by his family under the law.

Abstract
It is an eternal phenomenon since the oldest civilizations, where children are used in wars, and as a result of the violations that occurred, the interest of the international community and international organizations began to put an end to this phenomenon and to identify the most prominent causes and mechanisms to combat it. The rights of the child of 1989 and other conventions and protocols, and these international instruments contained measures imposed on states to prevent this phenomenon from prohibiting recruitment in general, determining the legal age for belonging to the armed forces, explicit commitment of states to the provisions of those agreements, and protecting the rights of children from any violations committed against them from recruitment Murder, mutilation and other harmful acts that are not commensurate with their physical nature, and providing them with a decent life compared to the children of the countries of the world
Taking care of children and taking care of them is an international and national responsibility, through which the development of societies and their interest in different groups of society is known, especially the protection of children’s rights, especially in areas that witness permanent military conflicts such as the countries of the African continent, the Middle East and some countries in Asia. The displaced children were considered as a result of displacement operations a target group By gangs and terrorist militias, to use them in various military actions.

Abstract:
The identification of the causes of the criminal behavior of the offender is one of the important theoretical topics in criminal law, as it reveals, on the one hand, the internal causes of a specific crime and the role of the motive in it, and on the other hand, it shows the chain of development of the criminal act, starting with the decision-making on commitment and specific outcomes, Punishable by law. It is also of the same importance in revealing the reasons behind committing the crime, as the memorization of the truth in the criminal case is based in the first place on the disclosure of the motives for the crime and the purpose of committing it. The importance of researching the motives for the crime and its objectives, highlights its relation to a number of important issues in criminal law, including the motive, especially the honorable one. The desired goal in this research is limited to clarifying the legislator’s goal and intention to determine the honorable motive in the texts of the criminal law, the reasons for considering it as mitigating circumstances, and whether it negates the criminal character or the punishment resulting from the crime.

Abstract:
In fact, the issue of the diplomatic envoy's immunities and privileges has become an essential element in the exercise of the diplomatic function and has assumed a prominent position in the system of diplomatic representation, as its extension to diplomatic envoys constituted a vital and important environment for the success of their missions on the widest scale.As a result of the abuse of diplomatic immunities and privileges by some diplomats, international norms and the provisions of diplomatic law have settled on some solutions that have been settled by international custom for a long time, as is the case for the expulsion of the diplomatic envoy for committing actions that go outside the frameworks drawn for the diplomatic mission and contradict the status of the diplomat and his legal status. Among the solutions that are resorted to in other cases as a response to the abuse of the diplomatic envoy, including the severing of diplomatic relations, as it is a very dangerous procedure because it means the demise of all aspects of cooperation and relations between the approved country and the country to which it is approved.

Abstract
The Iraqi political system is considered a parliamentary system according to the constitutional description, where Parliament has given wide powers to the legislative body at the expense of the executive body. It is necessarily known that any dispute between these two bodies over the scope of powers is due to the Federal Court for decision, especially in the field of submitting draft laws that the Constitution of Iraq for the year 2005 included the legislative body, and the decisions of the Supreme Court in Iraq were in favor of the executive body in this regard, given that the Iraqi constitution gave the (House of Representatives) the power to submit “proposals for laws without submitting draft laws.” Keywords: Federal Supreme Court, political stability, balance of powers

Abstract Cultural Press attaches of Iraqi newspapersAnalytic study for the attaché of Bayna – Nahrain newspaper
Media devices play vital role and have many responsibility in the modern society in the cultural, social and political fields.
The responsibility of media increased specially after modern Communication revolutionary. Printed newspaper, after invention of the internet, had taken new steps to keep its continuity as media communication device.Producing weekly cultural press attaches with different knowledge contents considered renewing style to keep the readers. Producing specially cultural, weekly or monthly is not something new in international or Arabic or Iraqi journalism , but the newspaper nowadays are emerged by the necessity pressured by the electronic media devices to make changes to face the huge revolutionary of the internet and modern techniques of communication.
This situation had imposed new necessity on the Iraqi newspaper to produce cultural attaches to keep its continuity and readers . Al-Sabah newspaper ,which is considered semiofficial, was the first to produce such cultural attaches after 2003 for its good technical , professional and economical ability as it administrate by Iraqi media web.The importance of such cultural and knowledge attaches of the newspaper is increasing because of abnormal security in Iraqi such as violence , terrorism , religious radicalism which imposed producing such cultural attaches to disseminate peace and unity among Iraqi people . this study analysis such cultural attaches..

Abstract
This study examines communication skills when editors, journalists and prioritization of possession they have it play communication skills play an important role in the success of the process of liberalization press message of all kinds, whether a news story or an article or a report or investigation or newly, and vary these skills among the basic communication and note the strong and rapid expression and between complementary relating to language and meaning and transceiver, and this study comes to focus light on these skills, and chose editors journalists working in the newspaper time to be at the center studied the field using the method of comprehensive inventory, and formed the study of the three axes of the first terms of the methodological framework in terms of identifying the problem of the study and its questions and objectives and its curriculum and research tools used, and the second related to the theoretical framework in terms of defining the concept and the types of skills and drills, linguistic and communicative mechanism associated with them, while the third axis has been the field of study Applied field through the presentation of what has resulted form questionnaire

Summary
This research aims to identify the mental image that the audience of the Libyan academic elite holds about the Turkish presence in Libya, and what are the respondents’ impressions about this presence? The Turkish presence in Libya received different reactions, whether at the local or international level, and it sparked widespread controversy at all levels that dealt with it. With him, each according to his own vision of this presence, and the research tries to achieve a set of goals, including:
1. Disclosing the approved media outlets to obtain information about this presence.
2. Knowing the image presented by the Libyan media about Turkey from the point of view of the sample members.
3. Investigate the political, military, and economic reasons for the Turkish intervention, according to the sample opinion.
This research is a descriptive research that works on surveying the public, by adopting the questionnaire form that was prepared for this purpose. The research sample consisted of (88) Libyan university teaching staff, and it concluded that:
1. There is reliance on television and (permanently) to obtain information about Turkey’s intervention in Libya, as (87.5%) of the sample answered that, and (69%) of the sample follow the communication sites for the same purpose.
2. 90% of the university professors in the research sample have a perception that (Turkey is trying to make Libya a military base in the Maghreb bordering Europe), and that 86.3% of the sample do not agree with the idea that (Turkish military intervention in Libya is militarily justified).
3. And that 81.3% of the sample indicated that (Turkey seeks military control in Libya), that 81.8% of the sample confirmed that (Turkey is trying to benefit from Libyan oil for its own benefit), and that 77.2% indicated that ( Turkish intervention in Libya in order to control the oil sources.

Abstract
The study aims to identify the International Accounting Standard (38) “Intangible Assets” and the methods of measuring, and to show the impact of its application on the financial statements of economic units within the Iraqi environment that use the unified accounting system and the local accounting rule No. (2) in their work, to achieve the objectives of the study. Using the applied comparative approach method in explaining the impact of accounting for intangible assets between the unified accounting system and the international accounting standard (38). To achieve this purpose, a comparative applied study was conducted on the financial statements of the following economic units (, Asiacell Communications, Arab Nibal for Financial Transfer,) The problem of the research lies in the difficulty of measuring and disclosing intangible assets and answering the following questions Is there a difference between accounting practices in Iraq from intangible assets and the requirements of the International Accounting Standard(IAS38) Does the transition to the application of the International Accounting Standard (IAS38) fundamentally affect the elements of the financial statements In light of this problem, the following hypothesis was formulated (there is a commitment by the unified accounting system applied within the Iraqi environment to the requirements of the International Accounting Standard (IAS) (38)). The study reached several conclusions, the most important of which is that accounting information in measuring intangible assets under the use of the unified accounting system With different results from the use of International Accounting Standard (38) intangible assets and a difference between the financial statements that use the unified accounting system from those that are prepared in accordance with International Accounting Standard (38)

Abstract:
This study aims to identify the impact of wage and incentives efficiency on improving the performance of employee in the Iraqi health sector. For its objectives, and the importance of the research lies in the importance of wages as an important element in the lives of workers and its impact on their performance as it motivates workers to work, and the researcher adopted the descriptive analytical approach in presenting, analyzing and interpreting the study information. The study community reached ( 423 ) individuals from various administrative levels, and the data was collected through a questionnaire form designed based on international standards after it was adapted to suit the Iraqi environment and subjected to the necessary honesty and stability tests, and the questionnaire was distributed to a sample of the study community and by (121) questionnaire forms , and the retrieved questionnaire was (121) forms , i.e. a rate of retrieval (100%), and the valid forms for statistical analysis were (121) forms . Main hypotheses have been tested, including the first hypothesis: there is a statistically significant relationship between wage efficiency and employee performance improvement, the second hypothesis: there is a statistically significant relationship between wage efficiency and low employee turnover, and the third hypothesis: job satisfaction with wages affects improving performance The study used a number of appropriate statistical methods (arithmetic mean, standard deviation, coefficient of variation, relative importance) and the applied programs (SPSS 20) necessary for data analysis and processing.The study found that relying on the efficiency criterion in determining wages gives workers a sense of fairness in distribution and makes them enjoy job stability, as it reduces employee turnover and improves performance. The material and moral stimulus that this element constitutes a contribution to improving the performance of the employees.
Keywords: Wage Efficiency, incentives, improving Performance, Employees, Employee Turnover

Abstract
This research aims to identify: (the effect of integrating future thinking skills in biology on the environmental awareness of fourth-grade students of science). The experimental and control group with the post-test of the environmental awareness scale, represents the research community of all the students of the fourth scientific grade at Al-Huda Preparatory School for Girls, which numbered (120) students. Biology, Intelligence, Environmental Awareness Scale) The Environmental Awareness Scale was built for the fourth scientific grade, consisting of (40) three-paragraphs of alternatives, which was built by the researcher and applied to the research sample after verifying its validity and stability, and after completing the experiment, the results were analyzed statistically using The statistical bag for social sciences spss and the results showed that the students of the experimental group outperformed the students of the control group

Research abstract
The study aimed to reveal the effect of the sample size (1000, 500) on the bias of the test items by revealing the differential performance of the item according to the characteristic curve method of the item and the three-parameter model. To achieve the objectives of the study, the researcher used the non-verbal reasoning test prepared by Master Braine Academy (2011) Ltd. The test targets the preparatory stage category and consists of (60) multiple-choice items on a sample of (1000) male and female students (500 males and 500 females). Then a random sample of (500) male and female students (250 males and 250 females) was taken. The researcher verified the assumptions of the response theory for the item (one-dimensional by the exploratory factor analysis method and vocabulary saturation, local independence by the independence test chi-square, the characteristic curve of the item, and the test is not a speed test) and then it was confirmed that the vocabulary is suitable for a three-teacher model and finding the values of the vocabulary coefficients (difficulty and distinguish and guess) and individuals (ability), as a result all paragraphs turned out to be appropriate.
The results showed the following:
1. At a sample size of (1000) the results showed that (24) items had a differential performance of (40%) of the test items, and at a sample size of (500) the results showed that (42) items had a differential performance of (70%) of the test items. the test.
2. There are statistically significant differences in the value of the differential performance of the individual in the response theory of the individual, the characteristic curve method of the individual and the three-parameter model in favor of the smaller sample, that is, the vocabulary shows greater differential performance at a smaller sample size (by comparing the values of differential performance coefficients for each item).
3. There are statistically significant differences in the average value of the differential performance of the individual in the response theory of the individual and the characteristic curve method of the individual and the three-parameter model in favor of the smaller sample, that is, the vocabulary shows greater differential performance at a smaller sample size.
4. There are statistically significant differences in the percentage of items with differential performance in the response theory to the individual and according to the method of the characteristic curve of the individual and the three-parameter model, and in favor of the smaller sample size, that is, at a smaller sample, size the vocabulary showed greater biased behavior.
Key words:Sample size, differential performance, three-parameter model

Abstract
This research aims to study the impact of disclosing intellectual capital in its three dimensions (human capital, structural capital, relational capital) on the quality of internal auditing in Jordanian commercial banks at the Amman Stock Exchange. During defining the research community represented by workers in commercial banks in Jordan, as for the sample, it was represented by (200) employees and public, whom the researcher chose randomly according to a set of demographic variables, and to collect data and information, the researcher built and prepared a questionnaire consisting of (34) distributed over four Fields for the independent and dependent variables. The researcher was keen to extract a set of important statistical characteristics for the paragraphs of the questionnaire from validity and reliability, and after reassurance about those characteristics, the questionnaire was applied to the research sample.
1. The interest of Jordanian commercial banks in the dimensions of intellectual capital in their banking business, as it is an important entry point in achieving the quality of internal auditing.
2. The quality of the internal audits in the banks has become an urgent and essential necessity to judge the quality of what is offered through these banks.
3. Intellectual capital, as a modern and contemporary concept, is more important and effective than physical capital in Jordanian commercial banks.
4. If Jordanian commercial banks employ intellectual capital well, it is expected that this will be reflected in the quality of their internal audits.
5. Intellectual capital is one of the most important intangible assets at the present time.
Key words: disclosure of intellectual capital, quality of internal audit, commercial banks.

Abstract
The present paper explores the character's Behavioral transformation in Alexandre Dumas' novel" The Count of Monte Cristo", This character is the hero of the novel and his name is Dantes, namely in his novel "The count of monte cristo".he was a good character but because of his mistress and friends' betrayal and send him to jail, Dantes' character developed and has transformed to a different person who seeks revenge. Good and evil coexist in our lives and this study is mainly emphasized on all circumstances which influenced the fables and the hero’s behaviour, such as unexpected life events, deeds, psychical twists, victories and defeats..This paper shows how Dantes has changed from a good character to an evil one, just to seek his revenge and to get satisfied from his enemies. Humans are universally concerned with good and evil, although one person's "evil" can be another person's "good." This paper sheds light on the behavioral transformation of the hero in order to seek justice and revenge. Moreover, two different faces in one character can be seen in this novel, and this shows how humans are changeable and have two personalities in their life.
Keywords: Behaviors, change, Dantes, Good and Evil, personality, Transformation.

Abstract
Some say that the Jews did not come to North Africa only after the establishment of civilization in this part of the world, and some think otherwise, especially the Jewish scholars . Thus, this linguistic study of the languages of North African Jews came from a study of the morphological, semantic, phonological, syntactic, and lexical aspects, and a statement of the most important linguistic characteristics of these language .
Keywords : The Jewish Languages , Hebrew of Algerian Jews , Hebrew of Tunisian Jews, Hebrew of Moroccian Jews, Hebrew of Libyan Jews .

Die vorliegende Forschungsarbeit befasst sich mit der Theorie der Sprechakte im Rahmen der germanistischen Sprachwissenschaft. Es kommt auf die Theorien von John L. Austin (1962- 2002) und John R. Searle (1969) an. Sie setzten ebenso eine Kenntnis des Verhältnisses von Form und Funktion eines Satzes voraus, also zwischen dem syntaktischen Satztyp und der wörtlichen, sprachlichen Bedeutung einerseits und andererseits der illokutionären Rolle, die ein Satz hat. : Sprache, Sprachwissenschaft, Theorie, Sprechakt, Analyse

Abstract
In Heart of Darkness, Joseph Conrad utilizes the technique of presenting the images of contradiction and comparison to reveal the discrepancy between the colonizers' claim of civilizing the Africans and the savagery with which they control them. The research shows how the novel treats its theme through the presentation of the contradictory images of primitive Africa and civilized Europe, of the order in the colonizers' stations and the devastation they inflict everywhere in Congo, of light and darkness, of the elegance of the European employees and the deformity of the native characters, and of the eloquence of the Europeans and the lack of expression of the Africans, as well as through the comparison between Kurtz, the protagonist of the novel, and Marlow its narrator, and between England's past and present, being a colonized and a colonizing country. These contradictions and comparisons imply Conrad's denunciation of colonization as a process of enlightening and betray its atrocious deeds.

Abstract
To comprehensively define the concept of complement, it is used “to refer to a major constituent of sentence or clause structure, traditionally associated with ‘completing’ the action specified by the verb” (Crystal, 1997, 26). Hence the verb or a predicate comes as a core element within a clause. This in turn demands the completion of the expression using other elements. Thus, complement is a broad notion, which includes the mandatory characteristics of the predicate other instead of those of the verb, e.g. objects (e.g. She locked her cupboard) and adverbial (e.g. It is over the sky). The researcher assumes teaching students about verb complementation regardless of maintaining the semantic side, would be inappropriate. Yet, verb complementation heavily relies on meaning-driven. That is to say, verbs have specific semantic properties that assist us on the proper complementation to be chosen. Therefore, the pedagogical logic is occurred to emphasize the sematic features of verbs by noticing the dependent relations, which occur between them and the acceptable complementation structures. For instance, verbs such as help, prevent, begin, and start, which can represent the case of verb complementation. The use of verb complementation is not absolute of errors, which are common grammatical issues among EFL students on all educational levels. This paper examines the students’ (the Iraqi EFL) ability to recognize to use English verb complementation. Using a formal rule may slightly help the students to make use of it to comprehend the rule theoretically and practically. However, for instance, to avoid structures like (*Layla avoids to make mistakes). It undoubtedly seems odd. Yet, many learners prefer it to be operated on the economic principle.
Keywords: Exploring, Iraqi, EFL, Recognition, Use, Verb, Complementation.

Abstract
The study focuses on the investigation and analysis of Guardian newspaper headlines related to Covid- 19, the pandemic disease, and they are collected from the Guardian newspaper from the 1st of January, 2020 up to the 31st of December, 2020. The study aims to identify how the editor succeeds to grab the reader's attention towards the seriousness of this pandemic on all human's life fields. Additionally, its aim is to reveal the most utilization of discourse modes that the editor depends on for paying the reader's attention to the content of online headlines. To this end, Brooks and Warren's discourse modes (1950) adopted to be the model. The result shows that merely two types of discourse modes are significantly utilized, they are exposition and argument. Exposition is frequently used to inform the reader all the news. Then, the argument mode occupies the second place to show how the editor discuss certain facts related to Covid-19 with his readers to convince them about specific topic.
Key Words: discourse modes, Covid-19, newspaper headlines

Abstract
The current study aims to investigate the discoursal function of modality and to reveal the functions of modality represented by two victory speeches of Obama and Biden. Some issues were reflected in the speeches throughout using modality system. To this end, the Halliday’s perspective (2014) was selected as a theoretical framework to investigate the language structure and its functions. Findings revealed that types of modality were used in the victory political discourse with the dominance of inclination and probability in both speeches.

abstract
The opinions of Ibrahim bin Yaqoub al-Jawzani are considered among the important opinions in those who leave the ties and their legal rulings.According to two proverbs, fuqha' has a different ruling on praying for people who leave deliberately and realize that it is mandatory: The first sentence: There is no judgment on deliberately giving up prayer, this is what Imam al-Juzjani said. In his narration, Malik said that Abdul Rahman, Shafie’s owner Ash Ali, Abu Bakr Hamidi, Abu Mohammed Babahari, Ibn Bata, Ibn Tamil and Ibn al-Qayyim al-Zahiri, but he should do a lot of unnecessary things and good deeds. Second opinion: He must make up. Hanafis, Malikis, Shafi'is, Hanbalis, Zaydis and Imamis said:
Introduction.
The scholars of this nation who enlightened humanity on the path of guidance and removed from its shoulders the clutches of ignorance and slavery in its early era, of them was a collector of more than one science from the legal and human sciences. . Among these notables is Imam al-Jawzjani, who is known to have been a hadith and a scholar of al-Jarh and al-Ta’deel, but he is also a jurist. This is almost a characteristic of most jurists, for we rarely find a jurist in their time who has nothing in the hadith and its sciences, and the evidence for this is that the four eminent imams used to narrate and narrate on their behalf. Where it is mentioned about him that four thousand imams of hadith have been written about him. Yahya bin Nasr said: “I entered upon him in a house full of scribes and I said what is this. And he, may ALLAH have mercy on him, has a chain of narrators in the hadith that is authentic, looking at the compound of the additions and the source of the benefits, by Al-Hafiz Nour Al-Din Ali Ibn Abi Bakr Al-Haythami. As for his hadiths, they are considered rare because of his jurisprudential views. The path of those who quoted it and cited it, as well as the majority of his students, were famous in the field of hadith, and among them was a jurist such as al-Tabari, may ALLAH Almighty have mercy on him, not much was transmitted from him, and all this led to the scarcity of what was reported from him in the field of jurisprudence.
After seeking ALLAH help and reliance on Him and with the help of my family and some friends, my research came, which I do not claim to have reached the desired degree of perfection. Rather, it did not inevitably reach it. It is enough for me that I exerted my utmost effort and energy in defying all the difficulties that I experienced. .