Journal of Kerbala for Agricultural Sciences

The current research was contained the separation and identifica-tion of Many volatile oil compounds from the seeds of Ammi visnaga (L.), using converted Clevenger apparatus for night oil and the re-sults were confirmed by using GLC technique and identified of many volatile oil compounds as following: (α- pinene, Linalool, Sabinin, Limonine, Terpinen and Myrcene, and these componds were ap-peared in the normal water extract and zamzam water extract and also in the pet- ether extract (A1) and in chloroform (A2) and also in Acetone extract (A3) and the higher concentration of these com-pounds was found in the zamzam water extract. We were obtained many of plant extracts from the seeds of Ammi visnaga (L.), using soxhlet apparatus with following solvents as following: pet. Ether (A1), Chloroform (A2), Acetone (A3), Ethanol (A4), as well as the hot aqueous extract (A5). Moreover, the acid hydrolysis was carried out to get some free phenolic compounds from the (A3, A4 and A5) extracts and identification was investigated by using HPLC tech-nique to appear the following phenolic compounds; (Coumarin, Apignin, Kaempferol, Caffeic acid, Rutin, Quercetin, Visnagin and Ferulic acid). All the phenolic compounds were appeared in the men-tioned three extracts except of ferulic acid that was not appear in Ac-etone extract (A3) and the highest concentration of these compounds was in the hot aqueous extract (A5).

This study was conducted on the seeds of Pinus eldarica during the period from February 2020 to September 2021 to find out the effect of cold stratification at (⁰4C) for (60 days) and different concentra-tions of gibberellic acid (0, 200,400 mg. L-1) in the traits of the veg-etative and root growing seedlings. The results showed the superior-ity of the stratified seeds for the characteristics (seedling height, stem diameter, number of branches, number of leaves, root length, dry weight of the vegetative growth, dry weight of the root system). The results of dipping in gibberellic acid showed a superior concentration (400 mg.L-1) for traits (seedlings height, leaves number, length of the main root, dry weight of the shoot, dry weight of the root system). The concentration of 200 mg.L-1 for the two traits (stem diametet, branches number) was superior. The results of the binary interaction of stratification and gibberellic acid showed superiority of the strati-fied seeds with two concentrations (400 mg.L-1 and 200 mg.L-1) for traits (seedling height, eaves number, length of main root, dry weight of shoot, dry weight of root) and (Stems diameter Branches number) respectively.

This study was conducted to evaluate an integration control strategy in controlling of tomato root knot nematodesby using resistant hy-brids, the biological pesticide Verox, Nano-zinc oxide [ZnO NPs] and the chemical pesticide Velum under laboratory and field condi-tions. The results of the biocidal Verox at concentration of 2000 parts per million and ZnO-NPs at concentration of 4000 parts per million showed a significant decrease in the hatching of nematode eggs at a rate of 94.67 and 87.34%, respectively. compared to the untreated control treatment However The use of 400 ppm, 2000 ppm, and 4000 ppm of the nematicidal Velum prime reached 100%. On the other hands cultivars of tomato plants Samar , Meyameya and Maysaloun, significantly reduced the formation of root nodes and the level of infestation with caecilians compared to the control treatment. Maysaloun cultivar was the best among the other cultivars with a rate of root nodule formation of 0.14 and infection rate of 0.09.

The experiment was carried out in the wooden canopy which be-longs to the Soil and Water Department/ Technical College- Al-Mussaib/ Mashru Al-Mussaib area/ Babylon Governorate, during winter season 2020. The study aimed to know the effect of three con-centrations of (0, 2.5, and 5 ml.L-1) of algae fertilizer (Biozyme TF) and three concentrations (0, 1.5, and 3 ml.L-1) of bio-fertilizer (EM1) and their interactions on the growth and yield of wheat crop. A factorial experiment was applied according to the Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replicates. The results revealed that the addition of algae fertilizer (5 ml.L-1) and spraying with bio-fertilizer (3 ml.L-1) individually led to a significant increase in all characteristics of vegetative growth and yield components (plant height, area of flag leaf, number of spurs, length of spike, num-ber of grains / spike and the weight of 1000 grains). Moreover, the dual interaction between the two factors of the study significantly affected most of the studied traits except (plant height and spike length), where the combination between (5 ml.L-1 algae fertilizer + 3 ml.L-1 biofertilizer) was superior in giving the highest averages, while the comparison treatment gave the lowest averages. It can be concluded from this study that it is possible to rely with a high per-centage on the use of environmentally friendly biological extracts as part of the fertilization program for field crops, including wheat.

A laboratory trail was carried out in a lab of the Seeds Examina-tion and Certification in Babylon. Governorate., according to a com-plete random design (CRD) with four replicates. The trail consisted of three levels of water stress by adding PEG 6000 polyethylene gly-col (0, -6 and -9) bar and symbolized by S0., S1., and S2., while the other factor included three concentrations to stimulate the seeds by soaking them in the growth regulator Brassinolide for 24 hours (0, 2, and 4) mg. L-1 and symbolized by B0, B1, and B2. The outcomes revealed the negative significant impact of water stress in reducing content of maize seedlings hormones, as the level of water shortage at S2. gave less average of gibberellin content, indole-acetic acid and cytokinin, while it caused an increase in abscess content. On the other hand, the Brassinolide treatment produced a remarkable boost, as B2 dose recorded the best mean of gibberellin, indole-acetic acid and cytokinin content, and the abscisic acid content decreased com-pared to the control treatment without addition. It can be concluded from this study is the possibility of increasing the germination effi-ciency of corn crop under conditions of water stress by using plant hormones, including Brassinolide for its role in increasing plant hor-mones responsible for embryo development and germination