Journal of Kerbala for Agricultural Sciences

The experiment was conducted in Al-Hussainiya palm plant / Holy Karbala governorate affiliated to the Ministry of Agriculture /Hor-ticulture Department during the growing season of 2021 AD, with the aim of knowing the effect of nano-fertilizers and marine extracts on some vegetative growth characteristics of the date palm variety Al-Khastawi .A two-factor experiment was carried out according to a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replica-tions, first factor was the addition of nano-fertilizer to the soil at four concentrations (0, 0.5,1 ,1.5 ml . liter-1. palm-1) while the sec-ond factor included spraying with algal extracts fertilizer at four concentrations (0, 1.5, 2.0 ,2.5 ml. liter-1. palm-1) where the nano-fertilizer was added to the soil by three additions and at the rate of one addition per month, while the spray treatment with algae ferti-lizer was six sprays between each spray and two weeks, and it was the first addition of nano-fertilizer to trees. The date palm was dated 1/3/2021, while the first application of algal fertilizer was on 3/3/2021. The results showed that the treatment with nano-fertilizer at a concentration of 1.5 ml. liter-1. palm-1 was significantly supe-rior in most of the studied traits (leaf length 3.38 cm, wet weight 41.19 gm). Furthermore, the treatment of spraying with algal ma-nure extract at a concentration of 2.5 ml. liter-1. palm-1 was signif-icantly superior in most of the studied traits (leaf length 51.83 cm, dry weight 56.96%, chlorophyll 12.56 mg g-1). Additionally, the interaction between the two fertilizers, nano-fertilizer and marine algae extracts, showed significant superiority in all studied traits.

The experiment was conducted to study the effect of adding differ-ent levels of nano zinc oxide (0, 15 and 30 mg) / kg DM to mixture ration consisting of nano-zinc oxide with date by products either 30% date kernel or date peels or mixture (15 date kernel + 15 date peels) to 70% concentrate ration on digestibility, rumen character-istics, total gas and methane gas production. the results showed sig-nificant decrease as a result of adding nano-zinc oxide N zno in me-thane gas production for the treatment 15 and 30 mg/kg, and it reached (16.88 and 15.55 ml/200 mg), and (Date kernel produced significantly more total gas and methane, metabolizable energy (ME), in vitro organic matter digestibility (IVOMD%), and fatty acid short-chain SCFA (45.55, 23.77, 64.14, 11.25, and 1.02), re-spectively)..( Date kernel produced significantly more total gas and methane, metabolizable energy (ME), in vitro organic matter di-gestibility (IVOMD%), and fatty acid short-chain SCFA (45.55, 23.77, 64.14, 11.25, and 1.02), respectively. Also, the treatment of adding nano-zinc oxide at the level of 15 mg/kg dry matter signifi-cantly was superior to the digestibility factor of dry matter and or-ganic, and it reached 62.29 and 63.96%, respectively, compared to the levels of 0 and 30 mg/kg dry matter and a significant decrease at levels of 0 and 15 mg/kg dry matter, which was 5.31 and 5.15 for pH 26.44 and 30.95 (mg/100ml) for ammonia nitrogen, respec-tively. whereas significantly increased for the level of 15 mg/kg dry matter, in the total volatile fatty acids and it reached 3.23 (mmol/100ml) after a 24-hour incubation period for the rumen fluid in vitro.

The study was carried out by using 50 Iraqi single-humped camel fe-males which belong to the private fields in the AL-Furat AL-Awsat re-gion involving three cities (Babylon, Diwaniyah and Muthanna). This research was conducted to determine the genotypes and their distribution ratios for the POU1F1 gene, and the relationship of the polymorphism of the gene with some productive traits, growth characteristics and blood biochemical parameters. The mutation 233069 was in the region of third intron of third studied segment, which included second intron, third exon and third intron, with a length of 909 bp using DNA sequencing technol-ogy, as this mutation resulted in three genotypes wild GA, hetero GA and mutant AA . The results indicated that there were highly significant dif-ferences in the distribution ratios of the genotypes resulting from the mu-tation. The results showed that there were no significant effects between the genotypes with each of the length of the milk season, daily and total milk production, its chemical components and animal weight. The results of the study also showed that there was no significant relationship with body dimensions with the exception of body height from the front and length of the tail, as it outperformed. Individuals with hetero GA geno-type on wild GG and mutant AA genotypes in terms of body height were (223.50±1.50, 215.12±0.88, 213.43±2.55) cm and tail length (58.50 ±1.50, 51.73 ±0.57, 52.28 ±0.86) cm for the genotypes hetero, wild and mutant genetics respectively. The results also showed significant differ-ences between the genotypes and blood parameters with the exception of total protein, The individuals carrying the wild and mutant genotypes outperformed the individuals carrying the hetero genotypes in all of the traits glucose (103.34 ±0.73, 100.41 ±2.35, 55.31 ±15.08), cholesterol (90.09 ±0.64, 90.91 ±1.06, 47.18±1.92), and triglycerides (55.30 ±0.60, 55.43 ±1.46, 74.64 ±18.77) for the genotypes wild, mutant and hetero genetics respectively.

This study was conducted at the Barakat Abu Fadl al-Abbas (peace be upon him) sheep breeding station / Al-Kafeel General Invest-ment Company in Karbala Governorate for the period from 1/12/2020 to 1/6/2021, with the aim of determining the Frequency of Alleles and Genetic Manifestations of the FASN gene and its re-lationship to milk production and its main components from The percentage of fat, protein, lactose and non-fat solids in Iraqi Awassi sheep, 51 female Awassi sheep were used in this study. The per-centage of distribution of genotype for the FASN gene in the studied Awassi sheep sample was 7.84, 21.57 and 7.59% for each of the structures AA, AC and CC, respectively, and the two alleles were A and C, with a frequency of 0.19 and 0.81. respectively, significant differences were found in total milk production. As for the milk components, only the protein percentage was affected significantly by the different genotype, and there was no significant effect for the other components by the different genotype of the FASN gene. From the results of the current study, it can be concluded that the FASN gene can be adopted as an important indicator in the devel-opment of genetic improvement strategies for Awassi sheep to max-imize the economic return from breeding projects by selecting and cross-breeding the genotypes that achieved the best productive per-formance.

The experiment aimed to study the use of different proportions of raw and treated Chenopodium quinoa seeds by soaking in the diet in order to identify the effect in the physical and chemical traits of meat and the numbers of bacteria in the duodenum of 42 days of age. A 336 sexed broilers (Ross 308) were distributed randomly at one day old, with an average initial weight of 39 g/chick, divided into seven treatments, 48 chicks/treatment, each treatment included three repli-cates, 16 chicks/replicate (8 males and 8 females). The chicks were fed on the starter diet (1-14) days of age, the grower diet of (15-28) days of age, and finisher diet (29-42) days of age, supplemented with raw quinoa seeds and treated by soaking as the first treatment (T1) was a control treatment without any addition. (T2) added 0.5% raw quinoa seeds, (T3) added 1% raw quinoa seeds, (T4) added 1.5% raw quinoa seeds, (T5) added 0.5% quinoa seeds treated with soaking, (T6) added 1% quinoa seeds treated with soaking, (T7) added 1. 5% quinoa seeds treated with soaking. The results showed a significant (P<0.05) increase in the average numbers of Lactobacillus bacteria in favor of treatments T4, T6, T7. In contrast, there was a significant decrease in the numbers of coliform bacteria in favor of the addition treatments T3, T4, T5, T6, and T7 compared to control treatment. As for the results of the physical traits, it achieved a significant decrease in the percentage of each of the drip loss and the weight lost when dissolve for all addition treatments, and in favor of the T4 treatment the percentage of loss during cooking and a significant increase in the water holding capacity in favor of all the addition treatments compared to the control treatment. As for the chemical properties, it was found that there was a significant increase in the pH values and myoglobin pigment for meat in all the addition treatments compared to the control treatment (T1).

This study was conducted in the year 2022 at the Department of Plant Protection, College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, to evaluate the effect of microwave rays on various stages of the R. dominica. Microwaves of 220, 420 and 620 Watts at 30, 60 and 90 seconds effects on eggs, 4th instar larva, Pupas and adults were eval-uated. The highest egg mortality was at 620 Watts for 60 seconds. Exposure to 620 Watts for 30 seconds increased the hatching period from 7.0 days for the control to 10 days 4th. Instar mortality was 100% at 620 Watt for 90 seconds. Pupae and adults 100 % mortality achieved at exposure to 620 Watts for 60 and 90 seconds, respec-tively. Generally, various stages of the R. dominica mortality in-crease by increasing the wattage and exposure time

The present study was aimed to investigate the effect of partial replacement of raw wheat and treated by HCL, bakery yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae), and ascorbic acid instead of wheat on broiler productivity. A total of 405 two weeks old of unsexed Ross 308 of broiler chicks were used in the experiment ,distributed randomly to nine treatments ,the chicks were fed on two rations ,grower and finisher rations . The results revealed that the treatments included wheat bran of treated (with 25% replacement )showed no significant differences as compared to control group in live body weight ,weight gain ,at 42 days of age. Also, there were a significant increase (P >0.01) in the feed intake at (3-6) weeks in favor of (T4) and (T7) compared with the control treatment (T1). Most of the replacement treatments achieved a significant improvement in the feed conversion ratio. no significant differences for all treatments in the dressing percentage and the relative weight of the breast piece. Also, no significant differences appeared in the percentage of mortality, while most of the replacement treatments gave very good economic indicators and production indexes

This experiment was conducted in a private farm (Al-Amer Poultry Company) in Al-Mahawil District of Babil Governorate for the pe-riod from 29-9-2020 to 18-1-2021 (16 weeks) to investigate the ef-fect of Replacing Black Soldier Fly Larvae Powder With Soybean Meal in the Ration on some egg quality traits in laying hens by using 60 Lohmann brown hens, 55 weeks of age. Birds were randomly as-signed to five treatments, 16 hens per treatment, and each treatment constituted of four replicates, with 4 hens per replicate. The experi-ment’s treatments were as follows: (T1): control, (T2): BSF larval meal was partially replaced by 25% in the place of Soybean meal, (T3): BSF larval meal was partially replaced by 50% in the place of Soybean meal, (T4): Partially replace 75% BSF larval powder in soy-bean meal, (T5): completely replace 100% BSF larvae powder. The results indicated that the replacement of soybean meal by larvae BSF produce a significant improvement during the total period (56–71 weeks) of the experiment in: shell thickness, shell weight, shell weight relative, albumen weight relative, albumen height, yolk weight, yolk weight relative, yolk height, and yolk index. It is con-cluded from the experiment that replacing black soldier fly larvae powder with soybean meal led to an improvement in some qualita-tive characteristics of eggs produced from these hens. Thus, BSF lar-vae can be used as a successful and economical alternative in laying hens diets to improve some egg quality characteristics.

This experiment was conducted to study the effect of ionized water on qualitative characteristics of the egg of layer hen from the period 25/October/2020 to 13/March/2021 (20 weeks). 105 hens (Lohmann-classic) strains were randomly divided into 5 groups (21 hen / group). Each group was subdivided into 3 replicates ( 7 hen / replicates). Hens in the control group provide tap water with pH (7.14), while hens in the 2nd and 3rd groups provide alkaline ionized water with pH (8.5, 9.5) respectively, 4th and 5th groups provide acidic ionized wa-ter with pH (5, 4) respectively. Results showed yolk weight rate sig-nificantly increase in the alkaline ionized water group (T2) as com-pared with the control and no significant differences were observed between groups on other egg quality traits. In addition, ionized water good method to improve water quality and some qualitative charac-teristics of eggs.

The Explants that was used in the experiment to stimulate the pro-duction of glycoside compounds is the tips of the vegetative branches with a length of 2 cm obtained from the stage of vegetative multiplication growing from seeds treated with gamma radiation with a dose of (0, 30) gray, the tips of the branches were planted on MS nutrient medium prepared with different concentrations Of NaCl (3,0, 6, 9, 12) g.l-1 to know the effect of irradiation, sucrose and maltose in stimulating the production of cardiac glycoside com-pounds, chlorophyll and carbohydrates, the data showed that the concentration of 12 g.l-1 was better in increasing the active com-pounds: Digoxin, Digitoxin, and Gitoxin (129.46, 171.70, 145.59) μg.g-1 dry weight, respectively, while the neutral treatment was su-perior in increasing the rate of chlorophyll, which amounted to 2.10 μg.g-1, while the concentration of 3 g.l-1 gave the highest rate of carbohydrates amounting to 2.94 μg.g-1, and the irradiation treat-ment was significantly superior in The increase in the production of glycoside compounds reached (127.95, 193.95, 161.31) μg.g-1 dry weight, respectively, and the rate of chlorophyll and carbohydrates reached (2.38 and 3.11) μg.g-1, respectively.

The Explants that was used in the experiment to stimulate the pro-duction of glycoside compounds is the tips of the vegetative branches with a length of 2 cm obtained from the stage of vegetative multiplication growing from seeds treated with gamma radiation with a dose of (0, 30) gray, the tips of the branches were planted on MS nutrient medium prepared with different concentrations Of su-crose maltose (30, 60, 90, 120) g.l-1 in independent experiments to know the effect of irradiation, sucrose and maltose in stimulating the production of cardiac glycoside compounds, chlorophyll and carbohydrates. The data showed the superiority of maltose at a con-centration of 90 g.l-1 significantly over the rest of the treatments, as it achieved the highest rate of production The active compounds Digitoxin, Digoxin, and Gitoxin reached (284.42, 372.65, 327.63) μg.g-1 dry weight, respectively. They also led to an increase in the amount of chlorophyll that reached 4.11 mg.g-1, while the concen-tration of 120 g.l-1 maltose achieved the highest rate in carbohy-drate production which reached 4.51 mg.g-1. The irradiation treat-ment was superior in increasing the production of the active com-pounds, reaching (215.78, 286.28, 250.26) μg.g-1 dry weight, re-spectively. It also led to an increase in the amount of chlorophyll and carbohydrates, which amounted to (3.81 and 4.53) mg.g-1re-spectively

This study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of the bi-opesticides Palazin and Tondxier and the chemical pesticides Thia-methoxam and Acetamiprid against the green peach aphid Myzus persicae in the autumn season of 2021 .The study showed that the Thiamethoxam and Palazin had the highest efficiency in controlling of the green peach aphid. The percentage of mortality was 85.00% and 38.33% insect/applied respectively, followed by the pesticide Acetamiprid, which was effective in mortality rate of 33.33% in-sect/applied after 24 hours of treatment. Thiamethoxam and the Pal-azin were the most efficient in controlling green peach aphid. The mortality percentage was 93.33 and 71.66% insects/application re-spectively, followed by the pesticide Acetamiprid, in which the per-centage of effectiveness reached 63.33% insects/application after 48 hours of treatment

Mesostenus transfuga Grav., 1829 is recorded first time in Karbala city about 100km south of Baghdad. The specimens assessed were from Karbala city. This parasitoid wasp is very imported as a bio-agent against key pests. It is important to understand the diversity of beneficial insects in the area of study and how to keep them up