Contemporary Islamic Studies Magazine

From the foregoing in this research, the following important results can be drawn:
1. The origin of custom is man, and when people get used to applying it, whether the custom is in word or deed, it becomes a custom, and when it is old and is passed down through generations, it becomes an inherited custom, or inherited habits.
2.When the custom is firmly established in the hearts of people, and you get used to practicing it in word or deed, it is very difficult to quit, whether it is good or bad, so the custom should be governed by the legal ruling on the ornament of the good custom, and the sanctity of the ugly custom.
3. By presenting the views of the jurists in terms of considering custom as one of the primary sources, or one of the accessory sources, it appeared to us through the transmission and mental evidence that custom is a social phenomenon that comes from the behavior of people, and has nothing to do with the source of legal rulings, so it should be judged by the legal ruling, and what As long as the custom is a human act, so it is closer to the rational source, and cannot be considered one of the original sources.
4. It turns out that adapting the legal ruling according to the changing norms is a difficult matter, so many jurists failed to adapt the ancient jurisprudential heritage that treated ancient norms that do not exist in our current era, and adapt it to the development of norms and their change from time to time, and from place to place.

None of us denies the existence of the origin of the existence of the duty of choice, whether in the legal laws, as in the penance of the oath. Likewise, the expiation for one who intentionally breaks the fast on a day in the month of Ramadan (feeding sixty poor people, fasting two consecutive months, or freeing a slave), or choosing in the last two rak’ahs of daily prayer between glorifications or reciting praise.
Rather, no one doubts that the duty of choice occurs in the rational customary laws, similar to the choice between a fine or imprisonment, as well as its occurrence according to custom, as if the professor said to his students: (Write with this pen or that), and there is no problem with it, but the problem occurred in its definition, and perhaps The reason for this is that the basis of the obligation is absolutely and its reality is that it is not permissible to leave what is related to it - the prohibition of leaving -, and the optional obligation is the permissibility of leaving to another in the sentence, and here the problem occurred in the commanded - related to the obligation -, in terms of the prohibition from leaving the commanded and the permissibility in leaving, but to exchange.
Hence, the words of the scholars of the principles of jurisprudence differed in clarifying the nature and reality of the optional obligation to remove the contradiction and contradiction.

There is no doubt or controversy that Islam today is facing challenges from two fronts: an internal front: which is made up of pretenders who do not belong to Islam except by virtue of their birth certificates; they are too many in this time; and an external front: whose winds of challenges are blowing against Islam from all sides; it is planned and led by the international arrogant countries as Marxists, Crusaders and Zionists.
We do not exaggerate if we say that the external front that is openly hostile to Islam in doctrine, thought and system is easier for Islam than the internal front, especially those whom Allah has led astray as per His knowledge of the followers of this front¬–within their trends the danger lies owing to many of young Muslims of today affiliation may be attracted into their ideas as they do not have sufficient genuine Islamic culture to support their thoughts, to distinguish the bad from the good.
There is no argument that we, today, find that our task in a situation like this is and difficult in facing the deviations and suspicions that face Islamic thought from within its homeland. This is because the deviant ideology finds its space in publishing, and finds its space in hidden and open financing, while the Islamic writer suffers what they suffer in these two fields. As to the most difficult to Islamic thought it is centered on its facing deviations and suspicions coming from outside whether it is from the materialistic atheistic East, or from the Crusader or Zionist West.
How then does Islamic thought face these deviations and suspicions printed in several foreign languages and are widely disseminated, while it (Islam) has publication in only one language, mostly Arabic which may not be one of the languages of deviations and suspicions. Also, there is no controversy that the Islamic institutions in the Islamic world and the Islamic colleges whose legal mandate we believe necessitates the heaviest burden in defending the Islamic thought in the face of these suspicions and deviations, which represent the most severe challenges to Islam in belief, system, thought and heritage. Thus, the matter requires you brothers, running these institutions and colleges, to unite your determination and the serious planning to work together in order to confute these deviations back on their heels; and I invite you from this platform to work together in eliminating them and combating them and combating their sources and paths before the situation grows worse and the danger afflicts our nation. Among these deviations is a campaign that adopts the demolition of Muslim family. Not only this campaign is intended to destroy the religious and moral values that our Muslim society practices, but also our Islamic societies in general.
When efforts are united, we all will say to them: “You cannot do that; do whatever you do; for the genuine Muslim society repels any intrusive ideology and any supporter to such heresies, because they are distant from the guidance of Islam and the loftiness of its mission.”

- All existence is based on monotheism، including its levels، and all beings are conditioned on it، created for it.
- After lady of Zahra – praise be- began her sermon by praising God Almighty، thanking Him، and praising Him، she concluded the word of monotheism.
- In her sermon، lady of. Zahra -peace be upon her- confirmed that the fruit of the word of monotheism is sincerity through the method of presentation: (a word that made sincerity its interpretation، ensured the connection of hearts، and illuminated in thought its reasonableness).
- The significance of the saying of Al-Zahra -peace be upon her: (Include the connected hearts) is that God Almighty deposited the hearts with the word Tawheed، which is: submission.
- The significance of the saying of Lady Al-Zahra - peace be upon her: (And enlighten the mind in its reasonableness); That God Almighty has illuminated in the minds the proofs and evidence for the content of the word monotheism.
- In her sermon، Zahra offered to those whom she sought help، and they let her down: (And he paid attention to the word of sincerity); In her expression about the word of monotheism with the word sincerity، he pointed out that the faith of those who failed to support it، was not from their hearts

Despite what happened to the divine books that preceded the revelation of the Holy Qur’an to the Noble Prophet Muhammad، "may God bless him and his family،" including the Bible (the New Testament) of various changes، but the authenticating soul represented by the divine constants exists and remains constant. There was a sentence of the highest religious expressions that carry valuable faith connotations that are closely related to the Christian and Muslim beliefs، and all of these expressions are shared in their own right and with the connotations of value in addition، the sublime characteristic of these phrases is the doctrinal feature that is related to an important and necessary attachment in evaluating the believer's faith، in many aspects، the most important of which is the acknowledgment of the oneness of God Almighty and what the servant is obligated to God Almighty with praise، praise، praise، condescension، recognition of his power، great mercy، and so on. These religious expressions shared textual and ethical values between the Holy Quran and the Bible..

Is religion for the individuals of a society just the beliefs، rites and worship that they practice? Or is it deeper and more dangerous than it? Regarding this question، I presented in my research as a brief explanation of the importance of religion، and its role in human societies، and a clarification of its importance in preserving society and its stability through its psychological and social functions that it performs in society through its different mechanisms. Through faith، Religion tries to build spiritual and moral ideas and principles to be protection and immunity for the individual in the face of life’s crises and problems in order to preserve his psychological health، as well as to find general and common principles in society to gather its members around it and link them to each other.
In addition، collective worship، rituals، and religious occasions bring people together and bring people closer together، which leads to develop in them a sense of social unity that leads to social solidarity. Also، by setting the moral principles and his clarification of the legal rulings that are represented in the (Halal and Haram)، in addition، his enactment of the penal laws، aims to control the society and protect it from chaos and disturbances، whether individual or social.

It is no secret for those interested in the Qur’anic affair that access to uncover the meaning of the verse is by taking several methods، and by adopting several approaches. From here the exegetical approaches have received the attention of scholars and commentators، and among these approaches is the indicative interpretation approach.
The indicative interpretation is a loose concept، and it includes several types or approaches، towards: (the Sufi interpretation، Al-Arfaini interpretation، the Ashraqi or Shahudi interpretation، and the esoteric interpretation).
Some of them confused these approaches. This was the reason for the multiplicity of sayings in the authenticity of the Ashari tafsir in general، so some went to say that it is absolutely authentic، and others went on to say that it is not authentic، while some scholars of the Imamate tried to differentiate between those approaches and their lack of a single approach، even if there was tolerance in making the pronunciation of the sign. And they have detailed saying on that.
After the follow-up، the research arrived to the conclusion that the Ashari interpretation may be an argument، but with special conditions، and that the esoteric part of it is what is expressed in the tongue of the narrations through interpretation، which depends on the statement of the infallible (peace be upon him).

The concept of intellectual and political impact stems from the nature of the relationship that the influencer leaves on the influencer, and that influence is reflected on the behavior of the individual as the reflection of bodies in the mirror. Peace be upon him) in the middle of the Muslim community, and the period in which Imam al-Sajjad (peace be upon him) lived was divided into two parts: the first part was before the painful incident of Tuff, and the other part after the incident of Tuff, where a group of Umayyad rulers lived, and the research focused on the second part of the life of Imam.
The intellectual impact represented what the Imam left from spreading the knowledge of his forefathers in society by buying and educating slaves, and then freeing them to roam the cities and spread the knowledge of the Imam.
Political thought was focused on the revolutions that the imam supported and gave legitimacy to rise against the unjust ruler, including the revolution of the repentant, the revolution of the cultural mukhtar, the revolution of Zaid the martyr and other revolutions that were the basis for destabilizing the Umayyad rule.

Sufism constitutes an artistic and intellectual trend and a belief doctrine that distinguishes it from others، ancient and modern. The Sufis see that the texts are apparent، but at the same time they contain hidden references to precise meanings Many scholars have tried to infer the significance through sounds، through the general or specific characteristics associated with the sound، in addition to the sound’s output، but rather an observation of how the significance is produced through Ibn Arabi’s interpretation of the Holy Qur’an.

This research paper, entitled “The Functions of Delaying and presenting in Holy Qura’an: Al-maieda Surah as a sample”, is aiming at stating the functions of phenomenon of delaying and presenting as an applied study on the blessing surah of al-maiedh, many researchers have inspected this case before conducting this study, but their studies shed light on some part of it without any expansion in its scope, most of their studies are dealing with the purpose of presenting in its context, which it occurs. This paper enlarges to show six functions of delaying and presenting as follows: rhetorical function, aesthetic function, textual function, pragmatic function, stylistic function, and the contextual function, and this refers to the significance of delaying and presenting as shown by Al-georgani before and claimed for thinking about its positions to highlight its many sorts of importance. Hoping that I get succeeded in doing it and thanks for almighty God.

Some words occupy a space of linguistic use more than others, and the student or the interested person finds a presence that exceeds the presence of other words, and among these words is the word (invasion), which has a share of hesitation in the daily discourse. However, when it was released, the listener felt certain repulsion with it, even though some of its derivatives carry a lofty meaning represented in jihad for the sake of God.
Hence, the researcher turned to the importance of studying the semantic development that affected this word and its derivatives, a historical study that aims to identify the changes that the word and its derivatives have undergone over time.
This study has been described as an approach, indicating that it is an attempt to reach the truth, or get close to it.

which we wanted to highlight the concept of a modern tongue، which is the concept of (value) attributed to the linguistic scientist Ferdinand Susser، and to the concept of value agreement and adjacent with several concepts in the Arab linguistic heritage such as the theory of systems by Abdel-Qahir Al-Jarjani،... Otherwise، this concept has enabled us to use this concept to illustrate the Qur'anic significance through the triple substitution of the words contained in the story of the Prophet Moses (as peace be upon him)، since there are blessed verses that agree in their contexts and themes of composition and differ in one word، which formed the sample of the research.
Hence the holding of the research on the introduction، introduction، and applied models، humiliated by a conclusion in which we deposited the most important benefits of the research and its results، but the boot in which we built the concept of value، and the difference between it and the indication، and then we dealt with the analysis some applied models in the story of the Prophet Moses (peace be upon him) for the triple substitution and its relationship to value. Our last claim is that thank God is the Lord of the Worlds.

The abundance of the Noble Qur’an and its great impact on the souls of Muslims, and they desire the students of knowledge to strive to study it with the Kitabani, as (its wonders do not perish, nor do its strangeness expire). What did not belong to others, and God gave them eloquence of the tongue, beauty of logic and soundness of expression, but when they heard the Noble Qur’an, their minds were robbed and they were astonished to see in it the greatness of eloquence and the splendor of eloquence. Humans, until their chief arbitrator in sermons and poetry Al-Waleed bin Al-Mughirah said: (By God, he has sweetness, and he has sweetness. Those important personalities are the personality of (Luqman al-Hakim), peace be upon him, and he was mentioned in a surah that God named after him because he is a distinguished personality, with the pattern of his commandments rightly as a moral constitution and a divine approach to human education and morals to the path of salvation, and it is clear that ethics is the science of medicine, recorded by reforming ourselves and treating it by society Which becomes with her and through the ways, parents, takbeer, keenness, burning and racism, and and good, and information to have to have to have to have to have to have a good diseases in an immortal Qur’anic style by spreading good tendencies and urging virtue and avoiding the image that offends both the individual, and morals It represents the inner image of man, which is the basis of his personality, and it implants in him integrity, honesty, status and humility. To raise a conscious generation after corruption spread in society and chaos spread in families, and this study was classified into five commandments after obtaining the personality of Luqman (peace be upon him), which
Are:
1-Worshiping the One and Only God and forbidding polytheism
2- Being kind to parents and being kind to them
3- Forbidding injustice
4 -Establishing prayer and enjoining good and forbidding evil
5 - Prohibition of arrogance, calling for humility, and not raising voices
And from God success, and praise be to God, Lord of the worlds

The Arabic language includes many verbal styles, which are studied in rhetoric and grammar, and are expressed as (stylistic sentences), and this type of sentences does not belong to the nominal or actual sentences as a necessary affiliation, but rather falls into occupying them together.
I will study these methods according to what is available from them in the Qur’anic evidence in the book of the Bahrain Complex. I have studied and analyzed the Qur’anic evidence through the interpretation of the Qur’anic verse at Al-Tarihi first, and then identifying the witness in it secondly, and thirdly, addressing the opinions of scholars.

Through the explanatory study, the researcher dealt with the law of balance in the Holy Qur’an, and the enabling balance was a model for it. Zakat in its economic dimension represented by the individual and society, and enjoining good and forbidding evil in its social dimension that controls people’s behavior and morals, and all of these represent the pillars of faith, and that there is no empowerment without faith; Because faith is a reason for accepting human actions, and the results and manifestations of faith are a reason for balance in empowering man in the land, its righteousness and its development.

The researcher dealt with through the explanatory study the semantic asthenia and its impact on the interpretation of the Qur’anic text, and the semantic weakness due to transmission was a model for it. And his family) and his family (may God’s prayers be upon them), so they explained in many places in their interpretation of the verses of the Holy Qur’an that the meaning of the indication of some words is not only what the apparent indication suggests, but there are indications whose meaning involves the multiplicity of the possible meanings of the single word. Its term has been weakened and the significance of some words has weakened. This topic will deal with the concept of semantic weakness in three demands. The first requirement: defining the semantic weakness linguistically and idiomatically. The second requirement: the Sunnah and its role in attenuating the meaning. The third requirement: the difference in Quranic readings and syntax.

The methodological rules for jurisprudential comparison are the pillars and foundations that must be available to the comparative researcher in order for him to break into these areas and delve into its various topics. Multiple methods of comparison, whether it is a comparison between the sects or a comparison within the same sect, including the method of mentioning sayings without weighting or inference and the method of mentioning sayings with weighting without inference and the method of mentioning sayings with inference without weighting and the method of mentioning sayings with inference and weighting, which is the most important and best because it adds richness to scientific research This is an integrated approach that includes all aspects of jurisprudential comparison to reach its lofty goal, which is an attempt to reach a realistic ruling.

The researcher mentioned the biography of the Sheikh Al- Ordabadi، he mentioned his name and lineage، his birth and upbringing، diligence، qualities، jihad and political role، and his death، after that I dealt with the topic of miracle of the Quran at the Sheikh Al-Ordabadi، by explaining the concept of miracle in language and convention، Challenge stages، terms of the miracle، the Quran is the eternal miracle، and types of miracle.
The conclusion came with the most important results nominated، and a list of references.

The researcher examined, through an explanatory study, the methodology of Sayyid Sibghat Allah bin Jaafar al-Musawi, who is one of the flags of the thirteenth century AH, in his interpretation marked (Durrat Al-Safa in the interpretation of imams of guidance), as it became clear to the researcher through his study, and his achievement of the author mentioned above, that His author went on his interpretation of the Qur’anic verses according to various methodologies, which were adopted by those of his predecessors in their interpretation of the verses of the wise dhikr, so the Qur’anic method was based on the interpretation of the verse in the verse, and the narrative approach that dealt with the interpretation of the verse with the narration issued by the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) Or the version issued by the imams of the family of the Pete (peace be upon them), or other methods adopted in the interpretation.

Praise be to God، Lord of the Worlds، and prayers and peace be upon the beloved of the hearts of the believers، Muhammad، and the God of the good and pure.
the subject of followers is of great importance and an urgent need for the individual and society. The concept of followers has emerged through the approach taken by the Ahl al-Bayt (peace be upon them)، which they drew for all followers and those who follow the right approach represented by the authentic Muhammad an approach، and here the role of the Ahl al-Bayt highlights the correct rules drawn by the Noble Qur’an and Sunnah Purgatory in achieving the right followers.

The researcher attempted studying the eschatological discourse of the monotheistic religions, and clarifying its truth about it such as Judaism and Christianity, and statement of the importance of the judgment day in lslamic religion, and the diversity of the researcher sources to them, and other approved curricula.

The Islamic scholars have done their best to explain the Shari'ah rulings, so they have meditated in every situation and incident to derive the ruling for what they did not find a text for it, This is the case of the advanced scholars and those who came after them with the addition of what they deduced from evidence and proofs, so they chose what they thought was the most appropriate and correct for the fact, and one of these scholars is Alama Abdul Rahim Bin Al Hussein, known as the Iraqi, he has a set of choices scattered in his book Tarh Al tathreb, The study of these choices enriches the madhab Shafi'i in weighing the differences of jurisprudence.

When touring the role of manuscripts concerned with the revival of heritage, we stand on the abundant amount of Islamic scientific heritage in general and the Imami in particular, and in various sciences and arts.
This knowledge is also a reason to reveal the dust about books as long as they have their weight and scientific value, especially those inspired by the thought of the infallible (peace be upon them). The interpretation of Durrat Al-Safa in our hands is only a model.
This interpretation, although brief, is considered one of the valuable interpretations, as it is not among the abbreviated acronyms, nor boring lengths, as it is of benefit to the ordinary, non-specialist reader, as it is of great benefit to the competent reader at the same time.
Its author, Sayyid Sibghat Allah bin Ja`far al-Musawi al-Kashifi, has relied on more than one method, so we find - as can be seen from the title of the book - more than relying on the dictum, as he either takes the verse as a source for the interpretation of another verse or adopts the statement of the companion who witnessed the clues and contemporary the matter of descent, Or to take from the followers whose era is close to the download - according to the conditions held by the scholars in its fluorescence - or that the source is the honorable Sunnah of saying, doing, and deciding the Prophet and his household (may God’s prayers and peace be upon them), which is expressed in a narrative interpretation, which is the most important method in This book, as it was more reliable and inferred.
diligence had also had a presence in this interpretation, so we find their employment of the Qur’anic sciences from the reasons for descending and readings, Meccan and civil and release and restriction, as well as finding employment for linguistic demands towards rhetoric, meanings, grammar, conjugation and even poetry, by making each of them a revealing path and a tool for martyrdom and reasoning in showing what Semantics.
The interpretation contained customary demands, and clarification of some esoteric references, as well as verbal inferences, which became confused.
The book also included many quotes from previous scholars from the sciences of interpretation, hadith, language, grammar, and other sciences.

This research studies the use of chemical weapons in Halabja from the perspective of contemporary Islamic jurisprudence and the purposes of Islamic law that came to preserve human interests in the immediate and the future, which is the preservation of (religion - soul - mind - money - and offspring), and the research problem here is the measurement of weapons of mass destruction or weapons of mass destruction. Chemical weapons with traditional weapons from the catapult and some weapons that were used in ancient wars, this is an analogy with the difference, and this is why the subject is of great importance. Islamic Sharia has sent firm principles and jurisprudence rulings that respect the humanity of man at all times, including times of war. The purposes of Islamic Sharia have come with it, which includes the principle of protecting the human soul and not letting go of killing, brutality, demolition and destruction, The researcher, the inductive approach, traced the related premises of the genocide in Halabja, the deductive approach in ruling the use of weapons of mass destruction in contemporary Islamic jurisprudence when balancing the sayings of jurists, and the intentional analysis of the criminalization of genocide.

Form and content in the Qur’anic text is a term synonymous with treatment and meaning, the form corresponds to the pronunciation, the content is the meaning, the form and content is a newly used term, the meaning, and the intent, the form is the external form or the external infrastructure, while the content is an export from the word meaning of morals Philosophy, thought, or any other word, the uttered form, the content, and there is a relationship between the word and the meaning. It is known from scholars that the word is given priority. The two words may be similar in structure and in meaning and the meaning of the pronunciation may come to more than the meaning of the same text together. There are similarities, differences, and exchanges in expressions and meanings. The two terms may be similar in structure and differ in meaning, and the expression may have more than one meaning in the same text, and all of these meanings are suitable for use and intended.

It is no secret that the argument for knowledge of the legal rulings in the time of Occultation and the impossibility to consult the lords of infallibility and the blockage of the door of knowledge of actual rulings, is it the opinion of the mujtahid at all from which way it happened except what is established by the evidence that it is not permissible to take it in its regard without difference between the useful methods of conjecture. Or that there are specific methods that are the proof and not others, so the mujtahid must adopt them without any other assumptions that occur from the methods for which there is no permissibility to adopt an argument regarding them. If definitive evidence is established from the outset or by means of his argument, it is an argument and it is permissible to rely on it, and that suspicion is outside the mentioned rule.
As for the Legal Exemption, it is the legal function that negates the legal ruling when there is doubt about it and despair of achieving it. It is an argument for the Almighty’s saying: “Allah does not charge a soul except [according to] what He has given it.”
The Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, said, “Verily, Allah has overlooked for my nation (nine): their honest mistakes, forgetfulness, and what they are forced into doing.” and what they do not know.
As for the Rational Exemption, which is known to be the function secured by the mind when the accountable person (mukallaf) is unable to reach the right rule? It is an argument of the rational rule of no punishment without explanation.

Debates and arguments are of great scientific value; because they contain a large cognitive and scientific store, scientists have mentioned many definitions of them, in an attempt to define the conceptual framework for them, but they fell into the problem of overlap and synonymy and the inability to distinguish between these conventions.
Through this study, the researcher attempts to separate this overlap, and to reveal the points of commonality and divergence between them, to create a clear and comprehensible general perception.
The researcher also aims to reach another goal, which is defining the framework for the science of debate and argument, and placing it in the right place within the scientific map and the intellectual system of science as a whole.

This Research Deals With The Results Of Strength And Weakness In The Holy Qur’an، So This Topic Is Considered Whatever Because It Is Related To Human Life، As It Requires The Individual To Possess The Ability، Which Is One Of The Means Of Creating Life And Realizing The True Principles In It، And At The Same Time To Stay Away From Sources Of Weakness. In Order For Him to be able To Perform What Was Assigned To Him In Addition To Carrying Out His Daily Life Affairs، Strength Is A Blessing From God، So It Should Be Used To Bring Good Things، And To Defend The Oppressed، And It Should Not Be Used For Evil

There is no doubt that jurisprudence is of great importance, as it is the science that shows the practical Sharia rulings related to the actions of worshipers, their daily actions and their dealings in life, and it is known that it is the nature of Al- jurisprudence to grow and develop in order to keep pace with reality and developments, and that is the secret of its permanence and validity for all time and place, and that one of the manifestations of the Sharia’s understanding of all the actions of the obligators and its observance of their customs, habits, times and places is it’s consideration to customary, because of the different conditions of the obligators in time and place in many of the Sharia rulings that its evaluation is up to them, so the Sharia considered the custom of the obligator, and accepted it In many areas, Based on the rule of ease and the lifting of difficulty from people in their lives and livelihoods, there is hardly any Fiqh section without Sharia considering customary.
Shaykh al-Allamah Abu Bakr Al Musannif, may Allah have mercy on him, is one of the great Kurdish scholars, and his explanation of Imam al-Rafi'i's book "Al-Muharar", called “Al Wuduh fi sharh Al Muharar”, is one of the most important explanations of this book, therefore I have decided to study the chapters “Taharah” and “AS Salah” to study the matters in which custom has a role to play.