Journal of Basrah Researches (Sciences)

A filed experiment was conducted at agriculture college research station, Garmit
Ali , Basrah university in ( 2014 ) . The soil texture is clay . Three plow types were
used namely modifiled subsoiler , conventional subsoiler and moldboard plow . The
first two plows (subsoilers) were used at operating depths of 30 , 40 and 50 cm .
The moldboard plow was used at operating depth of 25 cm . These plow types were
used to study their effect on the Bulk density and Total Porosity soil of the clay soil
in first season (T1) middle of the season (T2) and after crop harvesting (T3).The soil
properties measurements were taken for different depths, d1 (0-15) , d2(15-30) ,
d3(30-40) and d4(40-50) cm . The crop used in the experiments was sun flower
( Helianthus annus L.) . The following abbrivations are used for the modified and
conventional subsoilers operating depths 30 , 40 , and 50 cm , which are they S1D1 ,
S1D2 , and S1D3 and S2D1 , S2D2 and S2D3 respectively . For the moldboard plow
depth of 25 cm MT is used . The control treatment is given (NT) .The experiments
were conducted using R.C.B.D. design for three replicates . The filed was divided
into three equal area blocks . Each block was divided into eight experimental units .
The experimental parameters were randomly distributed on experimental untis . The
crop seeds were planted on 4/4/2014 . The irrigation was added according to the
difficiency in the water level of water evaporation basin . The addition of water was
100% of the measured evaporation value with another 20% as leaching requirement
. The crop harvesting date was 4/7/2014 .The results showed :The plowing operation
reduced The plowing operation significantly reducal ρb and increased ƒ compared
with unplowed soil (NT) . S1D3 and S2D3 treatments gave lower ρb and higher ƒ
while MT gave the highest values of ρb and lower ƒ . ρb increased and ƒ decreased
as the soil depth increased and the growth season progressed .

iversity of Basra during the growing season of 2013 to study the effect of spraying
Boron and Zinc at three concentration of (0.5, 1, 1.5) ml/L and (1, 2, 3)g/L as well as
treatment of control, as a result of this study was noticed these facts:
1- Spraying with Boron showed increase significant at 1.5 ml/L in all treatments
of vegetative and flowering growth there has been no significant increase of
the number of cormels when spraying with boron.
2- Spraying with Zinc at all concentration showed increase significant in all
treatment of vegetative and flowering and weight, diameter of corms growth,
while the plant treatment with Zinc showed no effect in number of corms.

In this work the international golden ratio (1.6180339887) was used in the photonic crystal
fiber (PCFs) to find two zeros dispersion wavelength (ZDW). A new ratio of the air (hole- hole
spacing to the holes diameter) equal to 2 has been introduced to achieve two ZDWs. The effect of
the air holes number on the dispersion curve were studied also. Maxwell's equation in the PCF
were solved numerically using finite difference in the frequency domain (FDFD) scheme. The
study shows that the PCF can be tunable to have appropriate ZDW and two ZDWs by using the
golden ratio.

The effect of annealing temperatures on the response and fading for CaF2:Dy
crystals used into a thermoluminescence dosimetry has been studied in the present
work ,pre and post –irradiation annealing : 1500C /h -100 0C/2h, 2500C /h-1000C /2h
,3500C /h-1000C /2h and 4000C /h-1000C /2h have been studied .The results of the
thermal fading and the response of these thermal treatments are : (8.7% , 7.9% , 8%
7%,) ,(107.3 ,117.5,119.5 ,134.2) respectively. Upon the result obtained ,the pre and
post–irradiation annealing with 4000C /h-1000C /2h increases sensitivity and
decreases thermal fading, which is of the finest processors thermal compared to the
parameters in question.

The present investigation is aimed to study the aquatic insects occurance and
biodiversity in three aquatic ecosystems at southern of Iraq ,consist of tidal river(Shatt
Al-Arab),tidal marsh(east Hammar)and non tidal marsh(Um Al-Shoowaich and Al-
Chebaeish). Samples for 12 months were taken during the period from April 2014 to
March 2015. Some physic-chemical features were measured monthly in all chosen
stations.The result of ANOVA was significant (P<0.01) for electrical conductivity,
turbidity, , total dissolved soild, total hardness, Calcium, sulphate and total organic
carbon while it was non significant for the air and water temperatures, pH , dissolved
oxygen, biological oxygen demand, nitrate and phosphate.
During the study 36 taxa of aquatic insects were recorded,28 genus of them were first
record in the wetlands.these taxa were belong to six
orders(Diptera,Odonata,Coleoptera,Hemiptera,Trichoptera,
Neuroptera).The highest monthly density 322 ind/m2 to genus Symbiocladius in
Burka at feberwary,and The highest monthly density 485 ind/m2 for the aquatic insect
group.the highest relative abundance was 77% for Symbiocladius in
Mohamadiat.About the ecological indices,the highest value for spatial diversity were
1.29 and 3.683 for diversity and richness respectively,and for the temporal diversity
were 2.01 and 2.717 for diversity and richness respectively.The highest value of Beta
diversity 1.66 was recorded between tidal and non tidal marsh of Al-Chebaeish.