Academic Science Journal

In this study, we evaluated the mineral disorder and some biochemical parameters of kidney functions in Patients with end-stage renal failure. The aim of study is to assess the serum concentration of each (total calcium, phosphor, urea, creatinine, albumin and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in patients suffering from chorine renal failure therapy by regular hemodialysis. This study has been carried out at the consultative clinic in Baquba / Ibn Seena center for renal failure, for the period January 2016 to march, 2016. 75 specimens of each of patients and control groups were collected. Patients were divided into two study groups dependent on treatment period: (first) regulated hemodialysis less than year group and (second) regulated hemodialysis more than year group. The following biochemical investigations have been studied for their total calcium, phosphorus, urea, creatinine, and albumin which calculated by utilizing a ready-made laboratory kit for this purpose. A height in m and weight in kg were measured for all participant and BMI = weight / (height) 2 by same investigator and tools GFR can be calculated mathematically from the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) formula. The study showed an increase in creatinine (120.2±7 μmol/L) renal disease, urea (29.75±1.3mmol/L), phosphor (6.012±0.5mg/dl) concentration in the serum of patients group when compared with control group were creatinine (60±05μmol/L), urea (4.5±0.13mmol/L), and phosphor (2.98±1.3).

The solid-state lubricant, especially molybdenum disulfide (MoS2), nanoparticles have been used for several decades, due to their significant characteristics in the lubrication process, as a means to protect surfaces and increase the load capacity of the rubbing arrangements in sliding motion systems. In this study, 0.5 g of MoS2 nanoparticles (average particle size 90 nm), with a purity of approximately 99% have been used. Then 1 ml mixture of MoS2 nanoparticles with 20 ml of isopropanol-liquid was used to lubricate the substrate which was a steel disc surface in a pin on disc machine. Then by using this machine, friction coefficient behavior of the MoS2 distribution particles and the position depth of the steel pin on the steel disc surface were studied, the study was processed under the humidity and room temperature. After the running tests, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) was used to characterize the morphology and microstructure of the distributed MoS2 nanoparticles. As a result, MoS2 showed less friction coefficient. Also, it resulted less pin position on the disc surface, and it protected the surface from severe wear.

Cooling degree days (heating) are most important and simplest coefficients that are used in assessment of energy consumption process in buildings and residential complexes through heating and cooling processes. In this study, cooling degree days were calculated in (33) stations in Iraq by using of daily temperature data from National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) through Surface Meteorology and Solar Energy Project (SMSE) from (1983-2005). This study used hourly cooling degrees method; the results show that there are real values for this parameter during nine months in Iraq from March to November and at an annual rate between (513) degrees in northern Iraq Amadiyah station and (3278) degrees in southwestern Iraq Samawah station. The highest values of this parameter were found during July while the lowest values were found during March, as the results showed that the highest values are in the southern regions of western and southern Iraq while the lowest values are in the northern and north-eastern regions of Iraq in all months of the year.

Thin film technology is one of the most important techniques at the present time to study the properties of its constituent materials. One of the most important thin films used is copper oxide thin film because of its different applications in all fields. These thin films have been studied in different researches and treated with different types of radiation to know their effects on them and to improve some of their properties. In this study, thin films have been deposited on glass substrates by (Sol-Gel / Spin Coating) technique and used convection oven with (600°C) for one hour and then were exposed to beta radiation for different periods of time (15, 30, 45, 60, 75 and 90) min. The optical properties of prepared thin films before and after irradiation were studied to investigate the effect of beta radiation on the prepared thin films. The results of optical test of the thin films showed that they are generally highly transmittance, especially in the visible and near infrared regions. The results showed an increase in the energy gap values of these thin films by increasing the duration of beta irradiation. Other optical characteristics which were studied in this paper included both reflective, absorbance, as well absorption, refraction and extinction parameters, in addition to both of real and imaginary dielectric constants.

This research has been carried out to determine the quality and use of water of Bawashaswar Dam based on the physical and chemical parameters. Twelve water samples were taken from different locations within the dam's reservoir; then, analyzed for physical and chemical parameters such as pH, electrical conductivity (EC), total hardness (TH), chloride (Cl-), sulphate (SO42-), bicarbonate (HCO3-) nitrites (NO3-), total dissolved solids (TDS), magnesium (Mg2+), calcium (Ca2+), sodium (Na+), and potassium (K+). The concentrations of these constituents were measured and interpreted with some water quality indices such as sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), residual sodium carbonate (RSC), magnesium hazard (MH%), and Kelly’s ratio (KR). Compared with irrigation water standards and water quality for fisheries life, the characteristics of water in the reservoir revealed that the most measured parameters were acceptable. However, high values of turbidity, TDS and RSC in some sites basis on drinking water standards revealed that water in the dam needs proper treatment before distribution for public consumption.

Data collection is presently managed by using classic relational database systems like SQL, MySQL and Oracle. In recent years, data collection has grown up, and it has become more complex than conventional Relational Database Management System (RDBMS); which are incompetent to deal with it. To handle this problem, organizations and large companies like Google, Facebook, Yahoo and others bring up with new data management technique called NoSQL database; which is designed for a large-scale data storage and analysis. In this paper, a new technique is presented and used to convert SQL to NoSQL database, and also it can migrate, process and retrieve data between them. Because of the NoSQL database (Big Data), it sometimes needs to store in an untrusted or semi-trusted third party, the proposed system allows users to protect their database by encrypting database sensitive attributes before performing conversion and migration processes. Furthermore, the proposed system gives users the ability for retrieving NoSQL data from Big Data storage just like retrieve SQL data; that means users can write a SQL query to retrieve NoSQL data. The proposed system used Apache HBase for NoSQL BigData storage and Apache Sqoop and Hive for data conversion, migration, processing and retrieving processes. The implementation and results of the proposed system are showed the ability of converting, migrating, processing and retrieving data with high efficiency and good performance.

The existence of solutions for a non - linear eigenvalue problems is well studied and proved for an even dimension n. In this article we will study the case of odd dimension n > 1 for the family of quasi-homogenous and we will gi ve some examples for the case when the imension of the space either n = 3 or n= 5. We study the conditions for which we can prove the existence of non trivial solution for each case.

Many researchers for their importance and their useful applications had studied the suitable sets. This study presents full description of these sets with a number of topological concepts. A suitable set is presented as a special type with the conditions for some of the topological concepts. In addition, a special subset of the topological G has been described in two different ways to achieve the same goal. The first one is based on several concepts, such as the closure of subset, discrete topology and closed of the set of the identity element, whereas, the second way is based on two concepts, such as the locally compact and the separation axioms. It is, however, important to note that some of the topological groups have suitable sets, while, others do not.

Zinc oxide transparent conductive films were deposited on glass substrates at 400 °C using chemical spray pyrolysis method. The effect of annealing of ZnO samples with the increase in thickness has been studied. The X-ray diffraction results indicate that the polycrystalline films exhibited a distinguished orientation along (002) direction with a hexagonal wurtzite phase type. It is found that good crystallinity is obtained in the samples annealed at 500 °C. All films showed an average transmittance of about 85% measured by UV/VIS/NIR spectrophotometer. The grain size and lattice parameters of films were computed. The grain size increases as thickness increases. Hence the values of the optical gap energy (Eg) are found to be in the range of 3.238 to 3.273 eV without annealing and in the range of 3.252 to 3.280 eV with annealing when the thickness varies from 355 to 445 nm.

To transfer videos using dynamic streaming approach, they must be divided into segments; these segments would be compressed to different quality levels to be delivered from the source to the destination, with fewer amounts of delay and packet loss according to the network’s statues at the sending time. The almost used segmentation techniques depend on the time that the segment time length is constant within the same video file. This paper presents a suggestion to take into consideration the contents of the video to split the video file into segments. The length of the segments depends on the length of video scenes, which made the scene length varies according to the content of the video file itself.

Apricot Shell Activated Carbon (ASAC) was examined for removal of residual chlorine in aqueous solution through the adsorption process. The effects of solution pH, agitation time, and initial concentrations were estimated. The results showed that the adsorption increased as the contact time increased and the initial concentration decreased, while the high adsorption was at pH=2. Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin isotherm models were used for studying the adsorption equilibrium data. Adsorption data were fitted better with Freundlich isotherm, with a maximum monolayer adsorption capacity (q max) of 285.71 mg/g for Langmuir isotherm. The pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order equations were used for explaining the adsorption kinetics. The results were found to follow the pseudo-second-order model with correlation coefficients (R2) equal to 0.999. ASAC was shown to be a good adsorbent for removing residual chlorine from aqueous solutions at 25°C.

The helminthes may act as indicators of pollution of the environment where their hosts live. The present study was conducted to evaluate the role of cestodes in the elimination of some toxic minerals such as cadimum (Cd) and chrome (Cr) in wild rats (Rattus norvegicus) which has been used as a model. The results showed that there are high concentrations of Cd and Cr in kidneys and livers compared to intestines and muscles of captured rats from industrial and agricultural areas in Diyala Province. The concentrations of both Cd and Cr were significantly higher (P< 0.05) in the cestodes than in the rat tissues. The bioaccumulation factor for Cd increased 3.2 folds and 2.1 folds in the worms than in the intestines and muscles of the rats, respectively in agricultural areas and 2.8 folds and 1.4-fold in worms than in the intestines and muscles of rats captured the in industrial areas. For Cr, the bioaccumulation factor increased 3.1 folds and 2.8 folds in worms than in the intestines and muscles of rats from the agricultural areas while it increased 2.7 folds and 1.4-fold in worms than in the intestines and muscles in the industrial areas. In conclusion, and in comparison, between infected and non-infected rats and the bioaccumulation factors in the present study, it is possible to propose the ability of the cestode (Hymenolepis diminuta) to absorb some toxic elements such as Cd and Cr from their hosts.

In this study we have successfully synthesis and characterization two of [3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2-(1H) ones] (1a and 1b). The compounds were synthesized by reaction of ethyl acetoacetate and aromatic aldehyde with urea in the presence of ethanol and FeCl3.6H2O with 3-5 drops of HCl at 60-65OC. Spectral measurements (e.g. FT-IR,1H-NMR and 13C-NMR) are used to investigate the chemical structures and characterize the obtained product of synthesized compounds.

This study was conducted for the synthesis of small sized silver nanoparticles using the plant extract of Matricaria chamomilla. Matricaria chamomilla is rapid, non-toxic, eco-friendly, cost effective for the synthesis of nanoparticles. The results showed that the color formed by combining the extract with the 1mM silver nitrate solution changed to deep brown. The synthesis and characterization of silver nanoparticles was confirmed by ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometry techniques. UV-VIS was also used of showed peak absorption measurements in the wavelength 430 nm. FTIR spectrum indicates for detection of functional groups responsible for the formation on the surface of the nanoparticles. When evaluating effectiveness of silver nitrate with the plant extract on Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Brucella melitensis. The result showed the synergistic action of AgNO3 and the plant extract leading to enhance antibacterial activity.

This study was aimed to detect the effect of tannic acid on Proteus mirabilis swimming and swarming motility. Twenty-one isolates of Proteus bacteria were collected from different clinical samples and animal's sources, for the period from October 2017 to November 2017. All isolates were identified depending on microscopic characterization, biochemical tests and Vitec- 2 compact system. The results revealed that eighteen isolates were belonging to P. mirabilis. All P. mirabilis isolates were able to swim and swarm over semi-solid media. The addition of tannic acid at concentrations of 0.001, 0.01 and 0.1% was able to inhibit swimming and swarming motility. By using PCR technique, WosA a gene responsible of swarming regulation was detected in all isolates and that P. mirabilis isolates were possessed this gene and the levels of fold change of WosA gene were 0.19 and 0.12 for swimmer and swarmer cell, respectively. The levels of fold change of WosA gene were 0.27 for the concentration (0.001%) of tannic acid when compared with controls (1-fold change).