Basrah Journal of Surgery

Abstract Most studies confirmed caries are the main cause of tooth extraction in urban and rural areas, especially in young people. There is a relationship between the level of education and dental extraction, particularly in rural areas. In this cross-sectional examination overall 1257 patients were treated in the teaching clinic of the oral and maxillofacial surgery department, College of Dentistry, the University of Basrah between 2018-2021. Data were collected from patients' data after taking the agreement of the ethical committee in the college. The comparisons include age, gender, educational level, occupation, chief complaint, diagnosis and tooth site. reasons and pattern of tooth loss were recorded and data were computed on SPSS. Version 20. The numbers of tooth extraction in urban and rural were very close 632(50.3%) and 624(49.7%) extractions respectively. The male to female percentage was 38.2 %, 61.8% respectively and the highest number of extractions was observed in females in rural areas most of the patients are a housewife. Tooth extraction has seen more in the third, fourth and fifth decade than other age groups 20.4%, 22%, 19.9% respectively. A significant difference between education and dental extraction was noted between urban and rural areas. The main complaint was for prosthetic therapy 45.3% and 43.2% because of pain. The largest proportion considered as the main cause of extraction was dental caries consequences of 80.5% and the lowest 16.9% from periodontal disease.

Preterm birth is complex condition with multiple risk factors and substantial medical, psychological , economic and social impacts. Preterm is also the most important determinant of short and long term morbidity in infant and children. The aim of this study is to determine the association between preterm labour and urinary tract infection, parity, socioeconomic state, locality and degree of education. A prospective descriptive study had been carried out in Al-Basrah Maternity and Child Hospital from 1st of February 2020 to 1st of October 2020 which include (100) pregnant women admitted to labour room and had spontaneous preterm labour, they evaluated clinically and by investigations . The percentage of urinary tract infected women is 62% among total women with preterm labor, 38% of women had no Urinary Tract Infection (UTI). The UTI diagnosed by presence of 10 or more pus cells and / or bateruria (10) 5 or more . Sixty three percent of women was primgravida and 37% of them was multigravida (not more than gravida 3). Forty-two percent of women was from city center and 58% of them from peripheral areas. Forty-One percent of women have high education level define by having secondary school and more and 59% of them have low education level. Fifty-Eight percent of women having low income defined by family income less than 600000 iraqi dinar and 42% of them have high income. The study showed strong association between preterm labour and urinary tract infection, so we advise to do it on large number of patients to prove the relationship between preterm labour and urinary tract infection.

Worldwide, approximately 225,500 ovarian cancers are diagnosed annually . The leading cause of gynecological cancer death (140,200 worldwide annually) is the ovarian cancer, which accounts for more deaths than all the other gynecological cancers combined. The ovarian cancer is the fourteenth commonest cancer among population in Basrah city in Iraq. Methods This is a case control study carried out in the Basrah oncology –hematology center and primary health care centers in Basrah city . The study include 103 cases of ovarian cancer and 206 control. Result we found that more than half of case of ovarian cancer aged 50 years and above. History of insulin treatment is a risk factor for ovarian cancer (OR more than one) with significant statistical association. Hysterectomy and tubal ligation are protective against ovarian cancer . Conclusion There are many risk factors of ovarian cancer some of these are modifiable while the others are not modifiable. Hysterectomy and tubal ligation considered as protective factors.

A Retrospective study includes records of 1832 patients with dyspeptic symptoms who underwent endoscopic examination in Al-Mawani Teaching Hospital during the period from October 2015 - October 2019 were analyzed. 942 (51.4%) were males and 890(48.6%) were females, 794 (43.3%) had no endoscopic abnormalities,1038 (56.7%) had endoscopic finding. Oesophagitis was seen in 149 (8.1% ) patients , gastritis was seen in 603 (32.9%) patients, duodenal ulcer was seen in 257(14%) patients with male to female ratio (1.8:1) and peak age group between (20-40) years. Gastric ulcer was seen in 47 (2.5%) patients with male to female ratio (1.2:1)and peak age group between (40-60) yrs, and ratio of duodenal to gastric ulcer was (5.5-1). Combined duodenal and gastric ulcer was found in 4(0.2%) patients, gastric cancer was found in 10 (0.54%) patients with peak age group between (50-70) years. It is concluded that endoscopy is golden standard test for diagnosis of gastroduodinal pathology

This prospective cross-sectional study is to assess the Anti-Mullerian hormone variation throughout the menstrual
cycle in the number of women suffering from subfertility and attending the Basrah Fertility Center at Basrah Maternity and Children Hospital.
This study was conducted at Basrah Maternity and Children Hospital (Basrah city, south of Iraq) during the period from February 2019 to July 2020.The participants had not used combined oral contraceptive (COC) or being
pregnant or breastfeeding for at least 2 months before the study cycle; midcycle was identified by subtracting 14
days from the mean cycle length. Fifty participants were included in this study; they were assessed using specially
designed questionnaire. From each attendance 3 blood samples were taken for Anti-mullerian measurment, the
first at the early follicular phase, the second one at the midcycle, and the third at the mid-luteal phase of the menstrual cycle.
Of our fifty participants, 64% were from the age group (20-29) year and 36% were from the age group (30-40)
year.4% were underweight,40% were normal weight,32% were overweight and 24% were obese.62% were complaining of primary subfertility and 38% were with secondary subfertility.26% were employed, and 74% were housewives. There were statistically significant differences between AMH1 (early follicular phase) and AMH2 (midcycle)
(p-value 0.0001) and between AMH2 and AMH3 (mid-luteal phase) (p-value 0.004), whereas there was no statistically significant difference between AMH1 and AMH3.
In conclusion, there is a significant intracyclic variation in the level of AMH and which tend to be lower at the midcycle phase

The molecular basis of breast cancer has been thoroughly investigated in the last decade. Many nuclear susceptibility genes were discovered. Moreover, research about mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations and mitochondrial haplogroup determinants (single nucleotide polymorphism; SNP) has explored their potential role in cancers in general and breast cancer in particular. This study is to identify breast cancer-related SNPs and mtDNA haplogroups among Kurdish women living in Sulaymaniyah/Iraq. This case-control study was conducted in Kurdistan Institute for Strategic and Scientific Research (KISSR) / Molecular Lab in Sulaymaniyah in collaboration with a specialized lab in South Korea. Twenty women with breast cancer and 20 women with benign breast diseases were enrolled. The entire mitochondrial genome of 40 breast tissue specimens was sequenced. Haplogrep 2.0 was utilized for haplogroup identification. Statistical Analysis was performed using Chi-square and Fisher’s exact tests. A total of 547 mutations (Cancer, n=344 and Control, n=203) were identified including 15 first-reported mutations. HV haplogroup in the cancer samples was a risk factor for the development of breast cancer (p=0.002) compared to H haplogroup in the control samples (p =0.006) (Odd Ratio [OR] = 28.00). Furthermore, SNP (A8860G) was an additional risk compared to other randomly selected SNPs (A750G, A1438G, and C7028T) (p ˂0.05 and OR >1). In conclusions; the association of certain mtDNA haplogroups and SNPs with breast cancer risk is not new. Unlike studies performed in other populations of the world figuring out A10398G as the risky SNP, our study identified A8860G in the Kurds. Geographic and ethnic variations between human populations do exist, so an SNP that is common in one population group may be much rarer in another. Hence, more research on the molecular biology of breast cancer in our locality is warranted to clarify the situation.

BACKGROUND: Peritonitis is one of the common emergencies and multiple organisms have been implicated in the pathogenesis. Inappropriate and prolonged use of antibiotics have been attributed to the emergence of antibiotic resistance. METHODS: Retrospective observational study, from 1st January 2018 to 31st December 2019(Two years). Patients with secondary peritonitis undergoing surgery are included in this study. Common pathogens and its antibiotic sensitivity pattern from peritoneal fluid, blood and surgical site were studied. RESULTS: Perforation peritonitis is the most common cause of peritonitis. Cefaperazone-sulbactum and Piperacillin-tazobactum were the common empirical antibiotics prescribed. Escherichia coli followed by Klebsiella pneumonia were the commonest microorganism isolated from the peritoneal fluid and found to have adequate sensitivity for the empirical antibiotics. Enterococus and candida were the common organism isolated in blood culture. E-coli and Klebsiella from wound swab showed higher resistance to the empirical antibiotics. Large intestine perforation has higher percentage of surgical site infection. CONCLUSION: E-coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae were the common cause of secondary peritonitis. The empirical antibiotic is shown to be sensitive to the common organism isolated from peritoneal cavity. Wound swab isolates have shown higher resistance to antibiotics hence isolating the organism and assessing the sensitivity might be prudent. Due to geographical variation of antibiotic resistance trends to microorganism, it is prudent to have antibiotic surveillance on a local basis that can recommend appropriate antibiotics.