Wasit Journal for Human Sciences

ABSTRACT
There are many meanings for the word “salt” to diversify investment, which is characterized by an economic nature. However, economic schools of thought and the leader of society can do so, because the term is specific. It means “fruit,” which is a type of money, and the meaning of “invested” is growth and increase. In the general situation, it is included in money in its various forms, as well as on For example, it is suitable for most images that have a physical nature, and this term has many types.

ABSTRACT
The criminal liability of a public employee is reflected in his legal status as a public employee، whether a civil or military employee. When a criminal case is filed against him، the employer may withdraw his hand from work if the public interest requires that، or his hand may be withdrawn from work by force of law when the ruling is issued. By imprisoning him. In this last case، a portion of the imprisoned employee’s salary will be deducted، and the period of imprisonment will be counted as part of that employee’s service. This may affect the imprisoned employee’s entitlement to promotion in accordance with the controls contained in the relevant law.
The issuance of a final penal ruling convicting the employee may not result in the termination of his employment relationship، but it may be a reason for imposing a disciplinary penalty on him if the committed crime reveals the convicted employee’s violation and negligence in his job duties. This final penalty may amount to termination of service in accordance with The provisions of administrative responsibility and the authority of the employer to assess this، but the most serious impact of the penal ruling is that over which the administration does not have discretionary authority، as it will be imposed by force of law if its cause is achieved.
The research aimed to reveal the impact of the public employee’s acquittal on his disciplinary and civil responsibility and the validity of the acquittal.
To achieve the research، the student identified in the first section the basic elements of the research، which are the research problem، its importance، its objectives، and the definition of its terminology. As for the second section، it dealt with the impact of the acquittal of the public employee on his job association and the validity of the acquittal ruling. The research

The aim of this research is to review the perceptions of experts and practitioners of their ethics in the public relations profession and to identify the standards that support ethical behavior that leads to commitment not only to all legislation, laws, regulations and customs, but also to fair and honest competition, honest communication, and not causing harm to Institution and audience.
The problem of our research lies in answering a main question: What public relations practices do experts and practitioners consider morally acceptable or unacceptable?
The research aims to study the international ethical standards (institutional, organizational, and personal) that affect the practice of the public relations profession.
The descriptive approach was employed by the researcher through the adoption of two tools in the practical aspect :
1set is the scale tool for public relations practitioners with (30) practitioners, 2nd tool: the in-depth interview with public relations experts with (10) experts.
This research reached a conclusion that there is a significant impact of the three standards on ethical practices, as the coefficient of determination (R2) reached (96%), which means that the change in ethical practices is due to the change in the three standards by (96%), and less than (4%) as a result of other variables, also the slope of the regression

ABSTRACT
The study aims to identify the use of artificial intelligence methods in the field of journalism and its reflection in the professional practice of Iraqi journalists. The researcher adopted the descriptive survey approach of the research community represented by the practitioners of journalistic work in Iraqi journalistic bodies. From department heads, editorial directors, editors and deputy editors, editorial secretaries and experienced journalists, in view of this, the researcher designed the formquestionnaire surveying the views of a purposive sample. (120), the results of the study showed that the use of artificial intelligence in the field of journalism is of great importance, and the technology "Management of journalistic content" is one of the most important technologies Artificial intelligence can be used in journalism. Finally, the researchers agree that the teaching courses on the applications of artificial intelligence in journalism in the facultyand media departments is one of the most important proposals supporting the use of artificial intelligence methods in journalism. The researcher also recommends the need to include artificial intelligence methods in the curricula of schools and media departments, and to train students to properly handle these modern technologies.Rephrase.

ABSTRACT
Our present study sought to determine the role of sports journalism in fostering a culture of positive encouragement among fans of sports clubs, and also to identify the importance of sports journalism in changing the wrong behavioral patterns among sports fans. The central research question was formulated as follows: What is the role of sports journalism in fostering a spirit of sound encouragement among fans of sports clubs? To address this question, the researcher employed the descriptive survey method, deemed suitable for the topic at hand. A questionnaire was distributed among a sample of 50 fans from Al-Kut Sports Club to fulfill the research objectives. The findings indicated that sports journalism plays a significant role in cultivating a spirit of sound encouragement among sports club fans, with 58% of respondents affirming this contribution. The results also reached that sports journalism contributes to developing cognitive and cultural awareness among sports club fans as the percentage of the yes category reached 48% of the total sample size.

ABSTRACT
The study aimed to identify the extent to which the International Society for Technology in Education (ISTE) standards are available among the principals of government schools in the Directorate of Education in South Hebron. A descriptive approach was used, and a questionnaire was developed based on the ISTE standards for educational leaders. The study sample consisted of 80 principals selected using simple random sampling. The results showed that the availability of ISTE standards among the principals in South Hebron's Directorate of Education was high. The System Designer domain ranked first, followed by the Visionary Planner, Empowering Leader, Equity and Citizenship, and the "Continuous Improvement and Professional Growth" domain ranked last. There were no statistically significant differences in the means of the availability of ISTE standards among the principals based on gender, educational qualification, or years of experience. The study recommended a set of recommendations.

ABSTRACT
The research aimed to study financial technology in terms of its concept, stages of development, importance, and the steps that banks follow to introduce this technology into their activities and use it in providing banking services to customers. The research also aimed to study the components of financial technology in the banking sector, its characteristics, and what are the advantages that banks achieve from using financial technology. How were banks able, through the use of technology, to provide new services to their customers.
The researcher used the descriptive and analytical approach in collecting data on financial technology in Arab countries, and the experience of Egypt and Kuwait in this field was reviewed. The study attempted to answer a set of questions related to financial technology and its impact on traditional banking services and on the type of other services provided by banks, what is the impact of this technology on the volume of banking work, and what is the reality of Arab countries in the field of financial technology. The study concluded with a set of results, the most important of which are: Modern financial technology helped develop the traditional banking services that banks provided to their customers. This technology also helped innovate new financial services that meet the needs and desires of customers and help reach the broadest segment of customers. The study also reviewed the experience of Kuwait and Egypt in thi

ABSTRACT
This paper examines the strategies adopted in the translation of L’Engles’s: A Wrinkle in Time. The study will concentrate on the difficulty young readers face while reading the translated texts and possible solutions. Fourteen examples will be qualitatively analyzed using Mona Baker’s (1992) model for understanding the choices the translator made and how effective they were. The study analyses the use of polyglossia in literature and its effect on readers. The paper considers how the intent of the author in the novel is supported by its multilingual element. It is stressed that the effectiveness associated with a text lies in its alignment with understanding the context of the text which enhances its communicative intent and overall impact.

ABSTRACT
Culture- specific terms are problematic in translation as they are normally laden with a host of cultural associations and contextual components which render them challenging and difficult to translate. Hence, the current research attempts to identify and address this problem through a quantitative and a qualitative analysis of the research sample`s renderings of Arab headdress articles` terms (AHDATs) into English. The research sample consists of 25 4th grade translation students in translation department / Faculty of Arts / Wasit university. Each student is asked to translate sentences containing such terms in order to assess their renderings. The researcher designed a 10-item translation test and students are asked to translate them based on the knowledge and experience they have obtained. Later, the translations are collected to be scrutinized and analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively so as to identify the frequency of usage and the rate of occurrence of different renderings. This would assist in figuring out the types of problems faced and what remedies and solutions can be suggested for improving their performance. Likewise, the study attempts to figure out the erroneous translations and shortcomings in the rendering of them. It is concluded that Iraqi translation departments` students lack sufficient knowledge and practice on the topic and that this can be addressed through including sufficient material and theorization illustrating the techniques and strategies proposed by theorists in dealing with culture – specific terms as well as exposing students to texts containing this kind of terms.

ABSTRACT
The research aimed to explore the effect of the communicative approach on developing Iraqi Learners' English communication skills. Sixty-two Iraqi learners who were studying English language in the 6th preparatory class at Palistain Preparatory School, Anbar at the academic year 2022-2023, were chosen as a sample of the current research. The pre-test and post-test were utilized as an instrument of the study. A pre-test was conducted, and the sample was divided into two groups: the experimental group, which was taught the English language using the communicative approach, and the second group, which was taught the English language using the traditional method. Both groups were taught the contents of grammar for the 6th preparatory school. After the experiment, a post-test was conducted to collect data. The results revealed that the experimental group obtained better marks than the control group in post-tests for communication skills. Therefore, the research recommends that policymakers and English teachers are recommended to use the communicative approach as the best method for teaching communication skills in the new Iraqi curriculum.

ABSTRACT
The research aimed to explore the effect of the communicative approach on developing Iraqi Learners' English communication skills. Sixty-two Iraqi learners who were studying English language in the 6th preparatory class at Palistain Preparatory School, Anbar at the academic year 2022-2023, were chosen as a sample of the current research. The pre-test and post-test were utilized as an instrument of the study. A pre-test was conducted, and the sample was divided into two groups: the experimental group, which was taught the English language using the communicative approach, and the second group, which was taught the English language using the traditional method. Both groups were taught the contents of grammar for the 6th preparatory school. After the experiment, a post-test was conducted to collect data. The results revealed that the experimental group obtained better marks than the control group in post-tests for communication skills. Therefore, the research recommends that policymakers and English teachers are recommended to use the communicative approach as the best method for teaching communication skills in the new Iraqi curriculum.

ABSTRACT
The Gaza War has been significantly influenced by victimization narratives. Israel portrays itself as a victim in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, while possessing superior military might. Fake news can have a big impact on global public opinion, whether it is deliberately propagated or happens accidentally. It influences public support, impacts policy decisions, and adds to the conflict's ongoing nature. Ten Israeli storylines that were included in news articles, TV shows, and social media platforms between June 6, 2017, and February 15, 2024, were examined by the researcher using a mixed method using a frame semantic model. By identifying the frame semantics of victimization narratives, observers might lessen the likelihood of negative outcomes and better assess the objectives of reporters. Fillmore's frame semantics (1977b) has been demonstrated to be present in the Israeli victimization narrative through both qualitative and quantitative study. It's been discovered that Israeli narratives have different types of Victimization, and the most frequent types are political, terrorist, humanitarian, ethical, and religious.

ABSTRACT
The current study explores the relationship between social identity and stylistic features in the context of contemporary feminism with reference to gender, race, and class variables. Although many studies have been conducted concerning the concept of feminist language, the relationship between social identity and linguistic features has not received enough attention, which is why the present study aims to identify the specific strategies that are used to address the goals of feminism. This research seeks to fill this gap through an analysis of twenty-four contemporary Feminist texts in articles, speeches and social media posts. Employing socio-stylistic eclectic approach, the research analyses the patterns of stylistic elements in various media contexts and analyses how such elements work with the audience as well as embody different social roles. The results of the study advance the theoretical macro-socio-linguistic paradigm of socio-stylistics by identifying the link between language and social status. In addition, the study is helpful for the leaders of feminism to know how language can be utilized in a constructive manner to advance the cause of feminism.

ABSTRACT
This article aims to examine the portrait of Arab characters in Layla Halaby's Once in a Promised Land. This study focuses on the situation of the Arab Muslim protagonist of Once in Promised Land by Halaby, a postcolonial literary masterpiece addressing the topic of Muslim Arabs in the United States following the horrific terrorist assault of 9/11, the portrait that the researcher intends to show in this article. The study attempts to shed light on how Muslim Arabs were seen in America following the event. It provides insight into the main protagonists, Salwa and Jassim from Jordan, who stand in for Arab Muslims who have chased the American dream but have discovered a different kind of reality by following this dream. The study also discusses the state of Arab American literature related to the Halaby's novel Once in Promised Land and other research on the idea. The researcher endeavors to provide a lucid analysis of the Arab and Muslim characters’ portrayal in Halaby's Once in Promised Land. It is noted that the pair is not religiously inclined, yet because of their race and innate culture, the Western world has a skewed perception of them. The research findings revealed that the American novelists purposely reflected dark aspects of the Arab Muslim characters so as to show to the world that Islam is a religion that propagates oppression and violence. As a conclusion, the study proposes a framework of the portrayal of the Arab Muslim characters conceptualized by the post-colonial perspective as a method. It is recommended that future research examines the reliability and authentication of the respective American novels that have distorted the Arab Muslim identity.

ABSTRACT
In recent years, the hijab has transcended its traditional religious significance to become one of the most contentious topics in Western societies. The controversies surrounding the hijab have invoked associations with fear, terrorism, and coercion, contributing to a negative perception of Islam. This study aims to analyse the textual characteristics of references to the hijab in political discourse, focusing on the power dynamics and ideological constructs evident in political speeches. Employing a qualitative research approach, this study utilizes Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) through Fairclough’s three-dimensional framework (1989, 2001) to examine the representation of the hijab in political rhetoric. The findings indicate that politicians use varied linguistic strategies to refer to the hijab, often conveying underlying ideologies and implicit messages through specific pronouns and lexical choices, such as expressions denoting personal beliefs, hostility, or animosity. The study also reveals the strategic use of both formal and informal language, with formal language aligning with the context of official discourse, while informal language is employed to express personal viewpoints. Ideologically, the discourse is grounded in secular perspectives and reflects specific political attitudes.