Kirkuk University Journal For Agricultural Sciences (KUJAS)

This research was conducted to identify the level of environmental knowledge among farmers
during farming practice in the Sharzour Plain, Sulaymaniyah governorate, to identify the correlation
between the level of environmental knowledge and the independent variables. The research
population included all farmers in the villages of Shahrzour district in the Sulaymaniyah governorate,
whose number is (2735) farmers distributed in (47) villages, A simple random sample was taken
from the villages at a rate of (51%) at the rate of (24) villages, and the number of farmers in these
villages reached (1615) farmers, Then a simple random sample (20%) was taken from the research
population, so research sample size was (323) farmers, The results showed that most of the
respondents had a mid-level of knowledge tending to go down, also showed that there is a significant
relationship between the level of environmental knowledge and each variable of the following (age,
level of education, Sources of agricultural information, size of farm holding, Environmental training
courses, participation in environmental activities), while no significant relationship appeared
between the level of environmental knowledge and the variables (Years of experience in agriculture,
type of farm holding, farmers' attitudes towards environmental protection). Therefore, the researcher
suggests escalating training courses in the field of agricultural environment, for the agricultural
extension body to disseminate knowledge and experience related to the development of the
agricultural environment

The aim of the research was to determine extension knowledge training needs of farmers in
the field of extensional recommendations for the use of agricultural pesticides and their effects. The
research data was collected using a questionnaire by personal interview for a random sample
consisting of 123 farmers representing 5% of the research population (2455), which were. To
measure the validity of the research tool, it was presented to specialists in the fields of extension and
plant protection, the reliability coefficient was calculated through an exploratory sample outside the
study sample by split half method, and its value was (0.82). After final modifications, the
questionnaire was used to collect data from the research sample. Finally, the software SPSS ver22
was used for data analysis. The results showed that the majority of farmers their extension
knowledge training needs were medium, the economic effects occupied the first rank in terms of
training needs, while the environmental effects occupied the last rank.as well as the results appeared
there is a significant difference in training needs according factors (land area, family help, training
courses), while no significant differences according to variables (age, level of education, the amount
of pesticide use, use alternative of pesticide, source of information). The research recommended
increasing training activities in the field of agricultural pesticides according to their training needs,
focusing the courses on the economic effect aspects, and paying more attention to farmers to
participate in training courses in this field and urging them to use alternatives to pesticides.

The research aimed to identify the level of knowledge of agricultural employees in the field of
sustainable agricultural development in the district of Tikrit / Salah al-Din Governorate, and to
determining a correlation between the level of knowledge of agricultural employees and some
personal and functional variables represented in (age, gender, educational attainment, number of
years of agricultural service, and sources of information on sustainable agricultural development).
The research included all 106 agricultural employees in Tikrit district. A questionnaire was prepared
to collect the required data. It consisted of two parts. The first part included the variables specific to
agricultural employees represented in (age, gender, educational attainment, number of years of
service in agricultural departments, and sources of information on sustainable agricultural
development), while the second section included a scale for measuring the level of knowledge of
agricultural employees consisting of (38) items, The results showed that more than a third of the
respondents had a medium to low level of knowledge. The results also showed a significant
correlation between the level of knowledge of agricultural employees and the majority of the factors
studied. The researchers concluded the importance of these factors in training agricultural employees
in the field of sustainable agricultural development. The researchers recommend the implementation
of training courses for agricultural employees In the field of sustainable agricultural development
and increasing the sources of information on sustainable agricultural development in the research
area.

The effect of the extract on the transport stress of broiler chickens transported during
different seasons of the year was experimentally studied. During the months of February, March,
July, August, and different regions of Iraq, with a density of 10 or 12 birds per cage, as the Ross 308
birds were divided into 10 treatments per move and three replicates for each treatment. The T1
treatment was control without spraying, and the number of birds was 10 in the cage. T2 control
without spraying and the number of birds 12 in the cage. T3 Spraying the birds with an extract of
local Anemone coronaria flowers at a concentration of 2% and the number of birds is 10 in the cage.
T4 Spraying the birds with an extract of local Anemone coronaria flowers at a concentration of 4%
and the number of birds 10 in the cage. T5 Spraying the birds with an extract of local Anemone
coronaria flowers at a concentration of 6% and the number of birds 10 in the cage. T6 Spraying the
birds with an extract of local Anemone coronaria flowers at a concentration of 2%. The number of
birds is 12 in the cage. T7 Spraying the birds with an extract of local Anemone coronaria flowers at a
concentration of 4%. The number of birds is 12 in the cage. T8 Spraying the birds with an extract of
local Anemone coronaria flowers at a concentration of 6% and the number of birds is 12 in the cage.
T9 Spraying birds with isoflurane at a concentration of 6%, the number of birds is 10 per cage. T10
Spraying birds with isoflurane at a concentration of 6%. The number of birds is 12 per cage, The
birds were sprayed for 5 minutes before the transfer process, according to the above treatments, and
the duration of one transfer was 240 minutes ± 10 minutes, from the results of the field experiment, it
can be noted that there was a significant decrease (p < 0.05) in the rate of weight loss during the
months of February and March, as the spraying treatments T5, T9, T10 recorded (81, 76, 78) grams,
respectively, compared with the treatments T1, T2 (108, 109) grams, respectively, and this was reflected in the percentage of weight loss, as it recorded T5,T9, and T10 (3.01, 2.90, 3.19)%
compared to the treatments T1, T2 (4.04, 4.07)%. While T5,T9 and T10 recorded (319.95,300.20,
308.10) Iraqi dinars are the least financial losses for the month of March, but during the summer
season, it is noted that the lost weight decreased during the months of July and August in transactions
T5,T9and T10 (186,180, 187,) gm, respectively, compared with T1, T2 (216, 220) gm Respectively,
it is also noted that the percentage of loss in these transactions decreased, as it recorded T5,T9, T10,
(7.71,7.11, 7.36,)%, respectively. It is noted that financial losses decreased in these transactions
during the month of August, as it recorded T5, T9 and T10 (734.70, 711.00, 738.65) Iraqi dinars,
respectively, compared with T1, T2 (853.200, 869.00) Iraqi dinars, respectively.

The effect of the extract Anemone coronaria and Isoflurane on the transport stress of broiler
chickens transported during different seasons of the year was tested, The field experiment was
conducted throughout the different seasons of the year during the months of February, March, July,
August and with different densities in the transport cage. where the birds of type 308 ROSS were
divided by 10 treatments for each transfer and three replicates for each treatment. And as follows, T1
control without spraying and 10 birds per cage. T2 control without spraying and the number of birds
12 in the cage. T3 Spraying the birds with an extract of local Anemone coronaria flowers at a
concentration of 2% and the number of birds is 10 in the cage. T4 Spraying the birds with an extract
of local Anemone coronaria flowers at a concentration of 4% and the number of birds 10 in the cage.
T5 Spraying the birds with an extract of local Anemone coronaria flowers at a concentration of 6%
and the number of birds 10 in the cage. T6 Spraying the birds with an extract of local Anemone
coronaria flowers at a concentration of 2%. The number of birds is 12 in the cage. T7 Spraying the
birds with an extract of local Anemone coronaria flowers at a concentration of 4%. The number of
birds is 12 in the cage. T8 Spraying the birds with an extract of local Anemone coronaria flowers at a
concentration of 6% and the number of birds is 12 in the cage. T9 Spraying birds with isoflurane at a
concentration of 6%, the number of birds is 10 per cage. T10 Spraying birds with isoflurane at a
concentration of 6%. The number of birds is 12 per cage ,The birds were sprayed for 5 minutes
before the transfer process, according to the above treatments, and the duration of one transfer was
240 minutes ± 10 minutes, while these transactions led to a highly significant decrease (p>0.01) in
the general rate of heterophile, as it recorded (34.79, 35.20 , 36.03%), respectively, compared with
the two control treatments (38.62, 38.87) and in the heterophile/lymphocide ratio, as T9, T10, T5 recorded (0.66, 0.67, 0.69) compared with T1, T2 (0.78, 0.79), as well as a highly significant
decrease in glucose (p>0.01), as T9, T10, and T5 were recorded (198.82, 200.64, 205.83) compared
to T1, T2 (226.71, 229.24). A highly significant (p>0.01) superiority was observed in lymphocytes,
as T9, T10, and T5 were recorded. (52.79, 52.56, 52.24) compared to T1 and T2 (49.08, 48.64)%,
respectively. As for hemoglobin, T9, T10, T5 (9.42, 9.39, 9.02) gm/100 ml were superior to T1, T2
(8.99, 8.96) gm/100 ml. As well as a significant superiority in the percentage of packed volume cells,
as it recorded T9, T10, T5 (34.15, 34.04, 33.06) compared with T1, T2 (30.96, 29.59)%,
respectively.Also, there is a crease in the total protein concentration (2.71, 2.62, 2.50, ) g/dl
compared with T1 and T2 (2.06, 2.00) g/dl, respectively. It is noted from this experiment that the
treatments of isoflurane and Anemone coronaria extract led to a reduction in the stress that affects
birds during transport operations, and thus was reflected in the improvement of the productive
performance and health of the transported birds.

This study was conducted in the fields of the Department of Animal Production - College of
Agriculture at Kirkuk University for the period from 6/14/2021 to 7/30/2022. 750 quail chicks were
supplied from the Poultry Research Station of the Agricultural Research Department in Abu Ghraib.
The chicks were fed the starter ration until the age of 30 days, and then they were fed the production
ration. At the age of 4 weeks, the chicks were vaccinated with the attenuated Newcastle vaccine, and
the chicks were divided into six experimental treatments: the first treatment represented the negative
control group that was not vaccinated and did not have the amino acid arginine added to it, the
second treatment represented the positive control group whose chicks were vaccinated with the
Newcastle vaccine with no arginine added to their diet As for the third and fourth treatments, they
were vaccinated with the Newcastle vaccine with the addition of 5% arginine higher than the bird's
needs. The fifth and sixth treatments represented groups of birds vaccinated with the Newcastle
vaccine, while feeding the birds with diets to which the amino acid arginine was added, 10% higher
than the bird's needs. A week after the initial immunization, the bird was vaccinated again with
Newcastle vaccine, and the immune level was examined by the agglutination test to find out the level
of the birds' immune response, dividing them into two levels of high immune response and low
immune response. This process was repeated for the next three generations. The characteristic of egg
production at the age of 90 and 120 days, and the egg mass was recorded. The data were analyzed
according to the general linear model method using the ready-made statistical program SAS. The
genetic equivalent and the genetic and phenotypic correlations were estimated. The characteristics of
egg production decreased until the age of 90 and 120 days, as well as the mass of eggs at the age of 120 days, compared to the base population (21.61 vs. 34.84), (22.01 vs. 26.53), (323.47 vs. 545.97),
respectively. The egg mass was significantly affected by the level of immunity and the percentage of
added arginine, where the highest value of the egg mass was for birds selected for the high immune
level and to which arginine was added by 10% higher than the needs of the bird. Estimates of
genotyped egg production at 90 and 120 days of age and egg mass at 120 days of age were (0.64,
0.65 and 0.21), respectively. The results showed weak genetic correlations (0.0263) between egg
production at the age of 90 days and egg production at the age of 120 days, but the phenotypic
correlations were high (0.6248) between egg production at the age of 90 days and egg production at
the age of 120 days. The current study indicates that the selection of birds according to the immune
response against Newcastle disease led to decrease in egg production and egg mass. Addition the
Arginine amino acid did not increase production at the age of 90 and 120 days. While the addition of
arginine 10% led to an increase in the egg mass.

In this study, eight genotypes of flax (Linum Usitatissimum L.) were used (Sakha 1, Sakha 2,
Sakha 3, Sakha 5, Sakha 6, Syrian, Giza and Poloni) and their half crosses obtained according to the
second method proposed by Griffing (1956). Genotypes (8 parents + 28 hybrids) were planted in the
fields of the College of Agriculture / University of Kirkuk in the winter season (2021-2022)
according to randomized complete design (RCBD) with three replications to study the studied traits
(plant height, number of days flowering 50%, and number of days contracting 50 %, number of days
of physiological maturity, number of branches, number of capsules, number of capsule seeds, weight
of 1000 seeds, biological yield, seed yield, and harvest index). The hybrids (Sakha 5 × Sakha 6),
(Sakha 1 × Giza 8) and (Sakha 1 ×thorshansity72) outperformed in hybrid heterosis based on the
deviation of the second generation of the mean parents in the desired direction in the number of days
to flowering, set, maturity, seed yield and harvest index. The hybrid (Sakha 2 × thorshansity72)
excelled in the vigor of the hybrid based on the deviation of the second generation of the best parents
for the traits of the number of days, flowering, knot, maturity, the number of seeds in the capsule and
the biological yield, enables the follow-up of solitary generations and selection according to the
breeding method determined by the genetic action of these traits.

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of seasonal variations in the values of
primary metabolites (carbohydrates and proteins) and secondary metabolites (total phenols and total
alkaloids) in Eucalyptus camaldulensis grown in the front garden of Kirkuk University. Plant
samples were collected from three sites (east, middle, and west of the garden) in three seasons
(winter, spring, and summer) from 31/1/2022 to 5/7/2022. Variation recorded in primary and
secondary metabolite compounds values. Carbohydrates' highest values 17.78% were recorded in the
spring in the third site while the lowest values7.23% were recorded in the first site in the winter.
Proteins' highest values 19.64% were recorded in the first site in the summer while the lowest values
4.25% were recorded in the spring. Total phenols higher values78.99 ppm and total alkaloids 2.84
ppm was recorded in the second site in the spring and the lowest value was 44.88 ppm, and 1.58
ppm, respectively, in winter in the first site. Phenolic compounds were identified: Rutin, Chlorogenic
Acid, Quercetin, Gallic, and Salicylic. It had an effective role in protecting the eucalyptus plant
individuals from environmental factors stress. Eucalyptus camaldulensis individuals tend to use
primary and secondary metabolite compounds to protect their cells in stress conditions in the winter
and summer seasons

Sunflower is an important field crop. However, heat stress decreases seed quality and productivity of
it. The aim of this study was to enhance growth, seed yield and germination of the crop throgh
applying different sowing dates and spraying abscisic acid. This work was carried out at Department
of Field Crops Research Station- College of Agriculture- University of Tikrit. It included two factors,
three sowing dates (1/3, 15/3 and 30/3) and four concentrations of abscisic acid (0, 50, 150 and 300
mg L-1
). The experiment was applied using Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD). Results
showed a significant effect of the two factors and the interaction between factors on all the studied
characteristics except the impact of sowing date on seed germination and speed. The highest values
of means were at early planting and the highest concentration of abscisic acid. Early planting and
application of abscisic acid under heat stress supports the growth, seed yield and germination of
sunflower crop.

Making apple cider vinegar with garlic puree added to it and studying the effect of its
antimicrobial, organoleptic and physiochemical properties on chicken thigh meat prepared for
making kebabs under refrigeration. The chicken thigh meat was immersed in apple cider vinegar
and garlic at concentrations of (50, 70, 100)%, while the control sample was immersed in
distilled water. The meat samples were placed in polyethylene bags and kept in refrigeration at
5°C for 11 days. Some organoleptic tests such as color, flavour, taste, general acceptability and
microbial tests were performed and included The total number of bacteria, coliform bacteria,
proteolytic bacteria, and the physiochemical tests of moisture, pH, and total volatile nitrogen ،
during the storage period, the effectiveness of vinegar with garlic puree against some bacterial
species was tested by diffusion method, Pseudomonas florescence , Salmonella typhimurium,
Escherichia coli , Staphylococcus aureus .The results showed a decrease in microbial numbers
after the seventh day of cryopreservation, compared to the number after the first day, for all
bacterial species examined and for all concentrations used. It was observed that their numbers
increased after the eleventh day of preservation, indicating spoilage and microbial spoilage of the
kebabs. An improvement in the sensory characteristics and for all concentrations was observed
with the vinegar used compared with the control model. and a decrease in the humidity and pH
levels was noted, as well as an increase in the percentage of total volatile nitrogen on the
eleventh day, indicating the start of proteolysis and the deterioration of the kebab product during that period. The results showed a variable effect on the inhibition ability according to the
concentration used and the type of bacteria tested, which increased with the increase in the
concentration used, and the highest inhibition diameter was 29 mm towards Staph bacteria.
aureus at 50% concentration. The lowest inhibition diameter was 10 mm against E.coli and
Pseudo. florescence at concentration 30 %.

Three stations were used for this study, including the Darbandikhan Dam at coordinates
35°7\\'16\\"N, 45°43\\'18\\"E, the Sirwan River at coordinates 35°7\\'17\\"N, 45°50\\'54\\"E, and the Tanjaro
River at coordinates 35°14\\'22\\"N, 45°51\\'58\\"E, to examine the concentration of heavy metals there
over a six-month period. The studied heavy metals include Hg, Cd, Pb, Cu, Co and Cr analyzed by
ICP-OES (Spectro acros). Temperature values range between 13-30.9 Cº, Dissolved Oxygen value
ranged between 4.82- 9.5 mg L-1
, pH values varied between 6.11-7.97, Total Hardness level exceed
(100mg L-1
), The sulphate value was between 51 and 145 mg L-1
, Nitrate values ranged from 3.01 to
14.7 mg L-1
, The range of electrical conductivity of this study was 191 to 595 µs cm-1
, The
concentration of calcium ions (Ca2+) was between 48-104 mg L-1
, Magnesium concentration was
between 12.6-40 mg L-1
. Hg, Cr and Cd were below detectable level, the Pb was higher in August
2021, Cu in September 2021 in Darbandikhan Dam. In Tanjaro River Site each of Cd and Hg were
below detectable level, the Cr, Co, Cu and Pb were higher in October 2021. In Sirwan River Site
each of Cd Hg were below detectable level, Cr, Co, Cu and Pb were higher in August 2021.

study was carried out in the Lathhouse , agricultural research station belonging to the College of
Agriculture, University of Kirkuk - Iraq for for the period 15/9/2021 to 20/4/2022, to study the
effect of spraying with different concentrations(0, 1.5, 3.0) g.L-1
of nano-fertilizers (NPK, N, P),
and soaking the corms with the amino acid tryptophan at concentrations (0,150,300) mg.L-1
before planting for 24 hours affected the growth, flowers and yield of the corms of saffron plant(
Crocus sativu L.) Kormat saffron was obtained from the Islamic Republic of Iran,the factorial
experiment was designed according to the( R.C.B.D ) Randomized Completely Block Design,
the results were analyzed according to the statistical program) SAS, 2005( The Statistical
Analysis, and Duncan\\\\&#039;s Multiple Range Test was used to compare averages at the level of
probability 5%, NPK Nano fertilizer resulted in a significant increase in the number of flowers
when the plants were sprayed with a concentration of 3.0g.L-1
and reached 2.5 flowers.plant-1
,
while the highest average weight of corms was 24.02g when sprayed with a concentration of 1.5
g.L-1
.Nano-nitrogen fertilizer at a concentration of 3.0 mL.L-1
had a significant positive effect on
increasing the average number of leaves at the second stage and reached 30.27 leaves, and the
highest dry weight of the stigmas was 0.090 g .The number of branches for the first stage
amounted to 4.53 buds.plant-1
,while spraying with a concentration of 1.5 gm.L-1
increased theaverage number of branches in the second stage and reached 6.06 buds.plant-1
,Soaking the
corms with a concentration of 150 mg.L-1
of the amino before planting led to a significant
increase in the average number of leaves in the first stage, which amounted to 14.60 leaves.Plant1
, the fresh weight of the corms was 19.08 g, and the least number of flowers was 1.3 flowers.
Plant-1 As for the soaking at a concentration of 300 mg.L-1
, the highest number of branches were
(4.74 and 5.62) bud.plant-1
for both stages, respectively, and the highest number of leaves after
flowering was 28.66 leaves.plant-1
, number of flowers 1.5 flower.plant-1
, and the dry weight of
the stigmas was 0.082 g, while the control plants had the lowest average number of branches
(3.60and5.08) bud.plant-1
for both stages,The interaction between spraying with Nana-fertilizer
and soaking with the amino acid tryptophan had a significant effect on physiological
characteristics, the response was different according to the Nana-fertilizer and its concentration,
average number of leaves and flowers increased (15.40 leaves, plant-1
and 3.0 flowers), wet
weight of corms 31.08 g , Nano fertilizer at a concentration of 3.0 ml L-1
increased at the same
concentration above the acid increased the average number of leaves to 32.60 leaves.Plant-1
,
nano-phosphorus fertilizer at a concentration of 3.0 g.L-1
at the same concentration of the above
acid led to an increase in the average number of branches for both stages (5.20 and 8.40) bud.Plant-1
.

The results of the questionnaire for ten agricultural materials specialized in the control of
the gnat insect in the center of Mosul, including the advisory office of the College of Agriculture
and Forestry / University of Mosul (University of Mosul) in all neighborhoods and regions of the
city of Mosul on its right and left sides, Some of these injuries were recent, while others were
recorded in previous years and that the degrees of infection or the level of presence of this insect
among the neighborhoods of Mosul have Distributed between weak injury (1-3 houses /
neighborhood), compensation (4-10 houses / neighborhood), and severe (more than 10 houses /
neighborhood) , Where these ranges were developed based on the results of the questionnaire
The highest average of infection for the right side of Mosul was for the neighborhoods of July
17, Al-Jawsaq, while the infection was weak in the neighborhoods of Al-Mamoun, Wadi Hajar,
Al-Dawasa, Al-Nabi Sheet, Ras Al-Jada, Al-Zanjili, and Old Mosul. As for the areas of the left
side, the highest average of infection was In the friendly neighborhoods, flowers, nationalization,
Baath, Sumer, unity, charter, police, Arab, Palestine, banks, millions, finance, cultural group,
University of Mosul. While the infection was weak in the neighborhoods of Aden, Al-Karamah,
Jerusalem, Al-Intisar, Al-Salam, Nabi Younis, Algeria.
The results of the field survey indicate that termites attack many different plants according
to the areas included in the study, stalk namely Platan occidentalis trees (Mosul forests), stalk
Silybum marianum bush (Hammam Al-Alil district), stalk sunflower crop Helianthus annuus
(Bashiqa district), and fruit peel Cucumis melo (Cucumis melo) watermelon (Wana district). and
the root tomato Solanum betaceum (Zummar district).The results of the diagnosis of termite samples sent to the Museum of Natural History at
the University of Baghdad showed that all samples sent to different places where they were
collected, the diagnosis proved that they belong to the species Microcerotermes diversus Silv.
With the exception of sample No. (4) taken from the sunflower plant, Helianthus annuus, in the
Al-Fadiliyah region of Bashiqa district, where it was of the type Amitermes villis Hagen.

The study was conducted in the forest nursery of the Department of Forestry / College of
Agriculture and Forestry / University of Mosul, The results showed that the number of ground
workers varied significantly among them according to the stations and the date of examination,
and that the first appearance of the workers inside these traps was in the fourth week of April,
with an average of 26.67 99 workers / station at the averages of 29 °C and 64.7% for the
temperature and relative humidity, respectively. The number of worker bees reached its peak on
1/5 with an average of 99 workers / station at the mean averages of 33°C and 60% for the
temperature and relative humidity, respectively. After that, the numbers of these workers
continued to gradually decrease in numbers to disappear (zero / station), in the last week of June
and the first week of July 1/7/2021, at averages of 42 °C and 33% of the temperature and relative
humidity, respectively.
To reappear again and forcefully, at the beginning of the second week of September, with an
average of 134.67 workers / station, at an average of 38 °C and 30% of the temperature and
relative humidity. The presence of this insect continued after that during the months of October
and the first week of November, to disappear again. again during the second week of November,
specifically on 112021/15/, and for all used bait stations (zero / station), at averages of 25 °C and
60% of the temperature and relative humidity, respectively.
The results of the study of the correlation between temperatures and relative humidity on the one
hand, and the number of these workers during the study period 2021 showed that there was a
negative and insignificant correlation (-0.212) between the number of land workers and the average temperature, while the correlation was positive and insignificant (0.227 +) between the
number of ground workers and humidity Relativity.

This study was aimed to investigate the effects of petroleum waste in wastewater and local
environment in Melut and Maban Counties in South Sudan. Population of the study is 30,000
people. 265 respondents were selected randomly as a sample of the study. Variables were,
wastewater status of citizen, health and effects on the local environment. Data were collected
through survey, involving (primary data) which were collected by using questionnaire and
(laboratory data) which were collected from waste water in three locations. (SPSS) was used for
primary data analysis by using descriptive statistics, while for the laboratory data, Atomic
absorption Spectroscopy (AAS700) was used for detecting Hg, As, Pb, Fe and Mn elements
levels in wastewater samples. Findings of the primary data showed 94.1% of residents’
respondents noticed the decrease of rains in the study area and 65.9% of them noticed the
decrease of temperature. 86.2% of public health employees respondents reported defections of
newly born children, 93.8% of them reported infant’s mortality. 90.8% of them reported
infertility infections. 75.4% of them reported eyes and skin allergy infections and 66.2% of them
reported teeth decay and hair falling infections. 67.7% of the national resource’s employees’
respondents noticed animals drink the wastewater and 83.1% of them reported the death of birds
around the petroleum pits. while the laboratory data indicates presence of (Hg, As and Pb) in
higher levels compared to the normal international allowed one in wastewater, and the level of
(Fe and Mn) were lower. Recommendations are includes avoiding using wastewater near the petroleum wells, treatment of the wastewater for human and animals using and Petroleum
companies must abide to the rules of the petroleum work and they have to contribute in the
development of local community and awareness.

The GnRH1 gene is among the genes that mainly affect reproduction and
productive traits in local chickens. The GnRH hormone regulates reproductive
activity in poultry by regulating the production of other reproductive hormones, such
as LH and FSH, which significantly affect birds' productivity. This study was
conducted to detect Genetic polymorphism of the GnRH1 gene in local chickens using
PCR-SSCP sequencing. Samples were collected at ages 2, 4, 6, and 8 months of birds
(n=50). The results found homogeneity in all encoded regions except for one.
Polymorphism was detected in the Exon-4 1SNP site 147 C>G. The results indicated
significant differences (P≤ 0.05) for the interaction of sex with the genotype of the
LH, as the statistical results show that birds with the genotype CC for both, gender
outperformed the birds carrying the genotype CG at the age of 2 and 4 months. The
results showed significant differences (P≤ 0.05) in the mean genotype within each
month in the mean testosterone concentration in males and estrogen in females. Age
progression revealed that the homologous genotype CC-carrying birds had an
arithmetic advantage over the CG-carrying birds in terms of the average sex hormone
concentration. This gene may serve as a marker that is helpful in the marker-assisted
selection of local chicken. This study is one of the first to study polymorphisms
GnRH1 in local chickens.

A field experiment was carried out at the Agricultural Research and Experiment Station in the
Sayada area of the College of Agriculture – at the University of Kirkuk for the winter season
2021/2022 by randomizing complete block design with a split-plot system with 30 experimental
units per block to stndy the effect of spraying three levels of silica fertilizer (0, 2, and 4) ml.l-1
and
ten wheat genotypes which are (Wafia, Al-Fayadh, Abu Ghraib 3, Baghdad, Jihan 99, Adana, Sham
6, Bora, Al-Rashid, and Monnellsa). The results showed that there were significant differences
between the levels of silica fertilizer in all the studied traits, where (4 ml.l-1
) of silica with Sham6
was superior in the traits of the biological yield (19.79 ton.ha-1
), the interaction was significant for all
the studied traits, where the genotype was superior in relation to the interaction levels of spraying
with silica fertilizer of (0 ml.l-1
) silica with the genotype (Baghdad1) was superior in the number of
effective tillers (514.67 m-2
) The number of spikes (454.10 spikes.m-2
) and the protein percentage
(16.35) also exceeded the concentration of (4 ml.l-1
) silica with the genotype (Baghdad1) in the
weight of 1000 grains (48.86).

The research aimed to determine the role of the agricultural extension in educating farmers
about the legislation on the protection of the rural environment from pollution with chemical
pesticides working in the Department of Agricultural Extension and Training and the Department
of Agricultural Extension in the directorates of agriculture of Najaf and Qadisiyah, and to
determine the role of the agricultural extension in the axis of farmers' use of the correct methods
to protect the rural environment from pollution with chemical pesticides and the axis of the
reasons that lead farmers to pollute the rural environment with chemical pesticides, and to
achieve the objectives of this research prepared A questionnaire in the light of reviewing the
relevant literature, legislation, laws and guidance bulletins, consisting of (72) items distributed
on (3) axes, namely, the role of the agricultural extension in educating farmers about the
legislation on protecting the rural environment from chemical pesticide pollution, the axis of the
role of the agricultural extension in the use of farmers the correct methods to protect the rural
environment from pesticide pollution, and the axis of the reasons that lead farmers to pollute the
rural environment with pesticides, data were collected during the months of July and August / 20
22 by the questionnaire in a personal interview method from a random sample by (100) by (60) agricultural extension, and the results of the research showed that the rate of the role of the
agricultural extension in educating farmers about the legislation on environmental protection,
The workers in the Department of Agricultural Extension and Training and the agricultural
extension departments in the directorates of agriculture of Najaf and Qadisiyah amounted to
(58.9 degrees and that the highest percentage was (60%) and falls within the category of the
large role , and the results also showed a large role tends to the average in the axis of farmers'
use of the correct methods to protect the rural environment from chemical pesticide pollution by
(46.7%), The results showed a medium role tends to weak in the axis of the reasons that lead
farmers to pollute the rural environment with chemical pesticides by (45), the researchers
recommend the adoption of this study by the Ministries of Agriculture and Health and
Environment and the need to pay attention to the issue of protecting the rural environment from
pollution with chemical pesticides by expanding the scope of training courses, extension
seminars and printing guidance bulletins related to this topic to increase and strengthen the role
of agricultural extension workers in this field.