Medical Journal of Babylon

This study was done in order to evaluate surgical correction of penile fracture, between 1996
2003, twenty patients [25-54] years old were studied after blunt trauma to erect penis the time between
injury and presentation [2-24] hours, mechanism of injury were vaginal intercourse, masturbation and
rolling on bed at early morning on erected penis.
All patients underwent surgical correction as emergency condition by degloving of skin of the
penis with suturing of injured corpus.
All injury were unilateral corporeal,no urethral injury follow up of the patients show adequate
erection in all cases with no curvature.
Early surgical correction of rupture corporeal injury give good result with nearly no complications.

Role of Tumor suppressor gene( E
cadherin ) in malignant cells
Progressive accumulation of
somatic mutations in a number of
different genes characterizes the process
of tumorigenesis. Many genes involved
in the process of tumorigenesis are
components of one of a great many
signal transduction pathways through
which signals traffic via molecular
networks. It is now apparent that
epithelial malignancy can in certain
aspects be explained by alterations in the
adhesive properties of neoplastic cells.

act To compare the improvement in platelet count, bleeding time and clotting time immediately after
and 24 hours after haemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis .
The effect of haemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis was studied in 50 patients with renal failure
admitted to Merjan teaching Hospital between June 2004 to October 2004 ,platelet count , bleeding time
and clotting time were studied before dialysis , immediately after and 24 hr. after dialysis .
A total number of 50 patients were studied , 29 patients treated with peritoneal dialysis and 21
patients treated with haemodialysis .
Mean percentage of improvement in platelet count in peritoneal dialysis was 2.1% immediately
post dialysis and became 7.4 % 24 hr. post dialysis while the percentage of improvement in platelet count
in haemodialysis was 7.1 % immediately post dialysis and became 25.4 % 24 hr. later.
Mean percentage of improvement in bleeding time immediately after peritoneal dialysis was 11.5
% and became 20.9% 24 hr. later, while the percentage of improvement in bleeding time immediately after
haemodialysis was 13.1 % and became 30.6 % 24 hr. later .
Mean percentage of improvement in clotting time immediately after peritoneal dialysis was 9%
and became 17% 24hr. later, while the percentage of improvement in clotting time immediately after
haemodialysis was 11.6% and 24.3% 24 hr. later .
This improvement in platelet count, bleeding time and clotting time immediatly after and 24hr. after both
peritoneal dialysis and haemodialysis was statistically significant but the results of haemodialysis were
more significant when compared with the results of peritoneal dialysis .

Two boys, aged 9 & 2 years who had each swallowed a nail are reported. Both nails were iron and
about 5 cm long; one had a pointed end, the other was blunt at both ends. Conservative expectant treatment
was successful. The nails passed out in 50h in one case & 120h in the other without causing ill effects.
The different types of swallowed foreign bodies in the gastro-intestinal tract, their clinical features,
methods of diagnosis and management, with possible complications are described.

Thirty eight participants (27 men, 11 women) with age between 40-60 years were divided into 3
groups. Group I: Includes 13 healthy subjects. Group II: Includes 13 patients with essential hypertension.
Group III: Includes 12 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Using high-resolution ultrasound, brachial artery diameters at rest, during reactive hyperaemia
(endothelium-dependent dilation] and after sublingual glyceryl trinitrate (GTN) application (endothelium
independent dilation) were measured.
The percentage increase of brachial artery diameter after reactive hyperemia (flow-mediated
diltation% or FMD%) in control subjects was 8.85 ± 0.25% while it was found to decrease significantly
(P<0.0001) in hypertensive and diabetic patients by 60% and 67% respectively. Furthermore, the
percentage increase of the brachial artery diameter after glyceryl trinitrate (glyceryl trinitrate-induced
dilatation% or GTNID %) in control healthy subjects was 14.41 ± 0.81%. The GTNID% was found to
decrease significantly (P < 0.006)by 25% in hypertensive patients. No significant GTNID% change was
found in diabetic patients.
The antioxidant-oxidant ratio index (RI)of the measured biochemical parameters was significantly
lower in hypertensive patients (by 50%)and even more lower in diabetic patients (by 84%) The antioxidant
oxidant RI was found to be significantly and posiviely correlated with FMD% and GTNID% in diabetic
patients only.

The objective of this study is to determine the pattern of change in serum fructosamine and related
biochemical parameters in normally pregnant women and to compare them with pregnant women
complicated with pre-eclampsia and also to examine the influence of serum albumin or total protein on
fructosamine concentrations with the need for correcting their values accordingly.
Fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and serum fructosamine (FAm), albumin and total protein were
measured in three groups of women who were attending Al-Batool antenatal clinic and Al-Khansa antenatal
clinic in Mosul during the period of 7 months from 1st November 2000 to 31st May 2001. These included
250 non-pregnant apparently healthy women (group 1), 242 normally pregnant women (group 2) and 53
pregnant women complicated by pre-eclamptic toxaemia (group 3).
The distribution of serum FAm in group 1 showed a normal (Gaussian] pattern with reference
range calculated as mean ± 2SD of 1.37-2.49 mmol/L. In group 2, a significantly lower FAm values were
observed (Z=4.1, p<0.001) with no significant correlation between FAm and albumin or total protein. There
was a downward trend in FAm values with the progress of pregnancy as their means were (1.82, 1.80, 1.77
mmol/L) in the early, middle and late stages respectively which were significantly lower than the mean
value of 1.93 mmol/L in group 1. Serum albumin and total protein showed also a trend to decrease during
the gestational stages with a highly significant difference from group 1 (p<0.001). FPG showed no
significant difference in all stages from group 1. Correction of FAm for albumin or total protein is required
in group 2 and comparison between corrected fructosamine (FAc) in group 1 and group 2 revealed no
significant difference. In group 3, lower FAm values were obtained with mean ± SD of 1.60 ± 0.27
mmol/L, which is significantly (p<0.001) lower than group 1 (Z=6.2) and group 2 (Z=3.4). There was also
a tendency for mean FAm to decrease with the increase in the degree of proteinuria. Following correction
according to albumin or total protein, the difference was eliminated as compared with group 2, but in
comparison with group 1 the difference was eliminated only when correction according to total protein was
made.
These data highlight the importance of measuring serum fructosamine in women during
pregnancy. Its concentration is affected by the changes in serum albumin and total protein during the
different stages of gestation. In pregnancy complicated by pre-eclamptic toxaemia, correction of
fructosamine according to albumin or total protein, is mandatory as the values differ from those in non
pregnant and normal pregnant women.

This study aimed to investigate the pattern of gastric cells count in peptic ulcer patients. 200 patients
with peptic ulcer disease were included in this study, 160 of them have Du and 40 of them have GU. Eighty
normal subjects were considered as control group .We had performed gastric antral, and gastric body
mucosal biopsy for all these patients with peptic ulcer and including the control group in order to study the
histopathological pattern of gastric mucosal cells. The results, of this study showed that the parietal cells
count significantly
(P< 0.01) higher in duodenal ulcer patients than normal control group and also significantly lower in gastric
ulcer patients than control group. There was no significant difference in parietal cells counts in peptic ulcer
patients wether infected with H-pylori or non infected with H.pylori . Also the chief cells count was
significantly (P<0. 05) higher in duodenal ulcer patients than control and was significantly Lower in gastric
ulcer patients than control . H-pylori infection has no effect on chief cells count in Du and Gu patients than
control group . mucous cells count was significantly (p patients with peptic ulcer disease infected with H-pylori had Lower mucous cells count than those non
infected with H-pylori .There was non –significant difference ( P>0.05) in D- cells and G-cells count
between duodenal ulcer patients and control group, but there was a significant decrease in D- cells and G
cells count in gastric ulcer patients than control . H.pylori infection has no effect on D- cells and G- cells
count in peptic ulcer patients .

This study includes the analysis of three thousand diagnostic OGDs done by surgeons at Al-Hilla
teaching Hospital for the diagnosis of diseases causing complaints related to upper GIT and for pre
operative checking and preparation of patients prior to surgical interference. This study has shown a great
change in the behavior of peptic ulcer disease as compared with its behavior in the period prior to this study
where a significant increase in the number of patients with duodenal ulceration. Mean while, a striking
increase in the number of females having complicated peptic ulceration. The study has also shown the
rarity of multiple duodenal ulceration (kissing ulcers) in females as well as the rarity of gastric and
oesophageal cancers. Posterior D.Us are uncommon as compared with anterior ones a fact, which arouses
the thinking of some protective mechanism. The concomitant occurrence of gallbladder disease with D.Us
is also noticed. GERD and its complications is also strikingly uncommon in this study. The number of
negative examinations (normal patients) is high in this collection despite the selection of patients we
adopted for OGD examination, a fact that made us think of a better selection scale (predicting scale).

To estimate the prevalence of lack of progress of labor as a reason for Cesarean delivery and to
compare it with other studies.
We collect data from 1661 women who delivered full term , non breech infants , by unplanned
Cesarean between Jan. 2002 – Jan . 2003, in Babylon Maternity and Pediatric Hospital. There were a
subset of 9551 births sampled at delivery . We measured the proportion of unplanned Cesarean done for
lack of progress in labor, the cervical dilatation at the time of Cesarean ,length of the second stage and
slope of the active phase among the women.
Lack of progress was a reason for 69% of unplanned vertex Cesareans. At least 15% of the
subjects who had Cesareans for lack of progress were in the latent phase of labor .The second stage of labor
was not prolonged in 32% of women who women who delivered at 10cm .
Lack of progress in labor is a dominant reason for Cesarean delivery. Many Cesareans are done in
the latent phase of labor and in the second stage of labor when it is not prolonged.

The type of regeneration of the fallopian tube was different in various oviduct segments with
regards to their response to tissue injury i.e. the proximal segment (isthmus] regenerated by activation of
epithelium which invade the submucosa or muscularis layer leading to the formation of fistula. This type of
regeneration of tubal epithelium affect the prognosis of tubal surgery on both proximal and distal segment
and its relation to ectopic pregnancy after tubal injury.

Fifteen Staphylococcus aureus isolates from human with persistent pyuria were diagnosed .Patient
had high total serum protein (7.178 g/dl) , high serum (4.081 g/dl) and mucosal globulins concentration
(0.072 g/dl] and lowered serum albumin globulin ratio (56.68%) in comparison to normal subjects.
These patients were with significant anti S . aureus specific agglutinins both at serum and mucosal
secretions . Their peripheral and mucosal leucocyte migration inhibition (LIF) were significant (peripheral
0.5, mucosal 0.58) .Non significant anti S. aureus agglutinins and LIF were noted in blood and secretion
of five immunecompromized, these five cases were showing low grade (specific antibody titre 40, LIF,
peripheral 0.8, mucosal 0.75) immune responses due an immunocompromy. The involved
immunodominant epitopes in these immune responses may be T dependent types that can activate either or
both Th1,Th2 . For humoral arm direct B cell epitope maybe expected also .

While several prognostic factors have been identified in breast carcinoma, the clinical outcome
remains hard to predict for individual patients. Better predictive markers are needed to help guide difficult
treatment decisions. In previous studies of breast carcinoma specimens, an association between poor
clinical outcome and the expression of cytokeratin markers 17 and/or cytokeratin 5 mRNAs was noted.
Here we describe the results of immunohistochemistry studies using monoclonal antibodies against these
markers to analyze 55 paraffin-embedded breast tumors. We found that expression of cytokeratin markers
17 and/or cytokeratin 5/6 in tumor cells was associated with a poor clinical outcome. Moreover,
multivariate analysis showed that in node-negative breast carcinoma, expression of these cytokeratins
markers were a prognostic factors independent of tumor size and tumor grade.

Alloxan (180mg/kg) i.v is a potent diabetogenic agent that induces diabetes mellitus in rabbits
with hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia .
Fifty-four healthy male rabbits were involved in this study. Both plasma cholesterol and
triglyceride levels were measured before and after giving alloxan and following administration of insulin,
glibenclamide or aqueous extract of medicinal plants.
Insulin (2 IU/kg) S.C produced a significant reduction in both plasma cholesterol (b=-1.05
p<0.005] and triglyceride levels (b=-1.19 P<0.01) whereas glibenclamide (70mg/kg) per Os produced no
significant changes in these values. In the mean time the aqueous extract of Nigella sativa (0.5g /kg]
produced a significant decrease in both cholesterol and triglyceride levels with (b=-0.65 P<0.05) and (b=
1.28 P<0.05) whereas Capparis spinos caused a significant decrease in plasma cholesterol levels only with
(b=-0.83 P<0.01). Finally the extract of Coriandrum sativum ,Oleoe uropea and Cinnamomum verum
produced a significant reduction in triglyceride levels with (b=-1.12 P<0.05),(b=-0.97 P<0.05) and (b=-1.01
P<0.01) respectively but with no significant change in cholesterol levels.
There is no significant correlation between the hypoglycemic effects of medicinal plants and their
hypocholesterlemic & hypotriglyceridemic effect. Also the possibility of using Nigella sativa and
Cinnamomum verum for diabetic patients with type- ll but this needs more clinical trials.
Keyword cholesterol, triglyceride, medicinal plants

From 160 patients with dermatophyte-infections; Tinea pedis & Tinea cruris had showed a high rat
of infection. Five species of Trichophyton, in addition to some yeast growth were diagnosed.
Negative growth of specimens culturing was represented 23.12 % from all patients no. , in spite of clinical
diagnoses of dermatophytoses .Males show higher incidence in the No. of Tinea infection than females.

Serum vitamin C status was studied in 50 children (29males and 21females) with insulin
dependent diabetes mellitus admitted to Basrah maternity and children hospital, from the period of June
2001 till May 2002. 54 healthy children (31 males and 23 females) admitted to the same hospital with acute
illnesses like chest infection were randomly selected as a controls.
Low serum vitamin C level was detected in (44%) of diabetic children compared to (7.41%) of the control
group which was highly significant (P<0.001). The two groups differ significantly in the frequency of
consuming fruits per week and serum C-reactive protein (P<0.01).
In diabetic children with low serum vitamin C level, the frequency of fruit consumption per week was
significantly lower than those with normal vitamin C level. In regard to serum C-reactive protein,(70.6%]of
positive cases were presented in children with low serum vitamin C level while only(29.4%]of positive
cases occurred in those with normal serum vitamin C level. There was no association between serum
vitamin C and degree of glycemic control.
After adjustments for differences in dietary intake of vitamin C and C-reactive protein, children with
diabetes had significantly lower serum vitamin C concentration than did children without diabetes.

Case Report : A 26 years old man presented at
April 2004 with petechiae of both upper
and lower limbs associated with
polyuria, polydipsia and weight loss.
Two days later he consulted a
dermatologist who diagnosed him as
idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura