Al-Bahir Journal for Engineering and Pure Sciences

This research applies the Cuckoo Search Algorithm, specifically the Original Cuckoo Search(CS), Improved Cuckoo Search(ICS), and Global Feedback cuckoo search(GFCS) with different values of parameters instead of using a fixed value of probability a banda (Pa) which equal to 0.25 by another researcher to solve the problem of Job Shop Scheduling. The goal is to modify the method to improve its effectiveness and total completion time (Makespan) using benchmark datasets for basic scheduling problems, and suggest using the Cauchy distribution, with its ability to generate random numbers from distant points, and the stronger perturbation ability of Cauchy variation compared to Gaussian variation, along with Levy flight, effectively prevent the cuckoo algorithm from falling into local optima. Notably, when the step size is 0.1 and Pa is 0.1, with a population of 10 and 100 iterations, GFCS obtains the ideal Makespan of 140 when applied to the (20x20) set. Also, the Cauchy distribution for the CS produces the best results compared levy distribution that increases the variety of the nests, enabling escape from regional extreme values and fostering global search.

In this paper, ⊕-Supplemented Semimodules are defined as generalizations of ⊕-Supplemented modules. Let S be a semiring. An S-semimodule A is named a ⊕-supplemented semimodule, if every subsemimodule of A has a supplement which is a direct summand of A. In this paper, we investigate some properties of ⊕-supplemented semimodules besides generalize certain results on ⊕-supplemented modules to semimodules.

Powder metallurgy has a wide range of industrial applications in the manufacture of tools, brushes, filters, and others. As a base of zirconia metal was used and supported by silicon at a constant rate of 3% Si with different reinforcement percentages of copper, which are (3,6,9,12,15)%. The pressing process was carried out at a pressure of 5 tons with a hydraulic press. A pressing mold with a diameter of 10 mm was used. The samples resulting from the press were sintered at 1000°C for one hour, and the thermal, mechanical, and structural properties were calculated after sintering, which included thermal conductivity, thermal diffusion, heat flow, heat capacity, thermal resistance, Vickers hardness, compressive strength, wear, and scanning electron microscopy. Under ideal conditions of thermal sintering at 1000°C, and a mixing ratio of 15%Cu, encouraging results were obtained, with a thermal conductivity of 66.34W/m.K, a thermal diffusivity of 2.2416 mm2/sec, a heat flux of 420.424 Ws½/m2.K, and a heat capacity of 440.2512J/kg.K, with a thermal resistance of 0.00103 m2.K/W. While the Vickers hardness was 602Kg/mm2, the compressive strength was 71MPa, and the wear and tear was 3×10-8g/cm. As for the synthetic results, which included the scanning electron microscope, it showed that the best homogeneity and reticular consistency was at the addition rate of 15%, and it was also noted that the spread of zirconia on the surface of copper was significant.

Kigelia africana plant is multipurpose plant whose therapeutic potential has been thoroughly investigated. The physicochemical, solubilities, ADMET, pharmacological, and drug-like properties of this plant have not been reported in details. This study makes use of the information that is currently known on the chemical make-up of the plant to forecast its overall toxicity as well as the potential for the phytochemicals it contains to be employed in medication discovery. The study also employed free web servers for the lipophilicity, water solubility, drug-likness, bioavailability score, medicinal chemistry and toxicological profiling of the compounds of K. africana. Artemether, a known antimalaria drug was used to validate the potentials of the phytochemicals to serve as precursor to valuable drugs. Findings from our study revealed that a larger percentage of these compounds passed the physicochemical properties analysis, low lipophilicities, high-water solubilities, obeyed the drug-likeness rules, had high gastrointestinal absorption, high blood-barrier permeant, low permeability glycoprotein and hence bioavailable. The toxicological profile additionally showed that majority of the compounds possessed low toxicities and thus can be a potential drug candidate in the drug development industry. The profile of the well-known artemether supported the study's findings that a higher proportion of the K. africana compounds have potential drug-like molecules.

Hydrogen has been considered a future energy carrier for decades and the demand for hydrogen in refineries is always upward due to the revival of new technologies. The steam methane reforming method is frequently employed because of its high hydrogen generation efficiency at a cheap cost and minimal environmental footprint. However, depending on the type of feedstock, one unit of hydrogen generates 9-10 units of CO2 that need to be treated for environmental sustainability. Therefore, the optimization of hydrogen production and CO2 capture is critical to address the issue. The simulation research was conducted to anticipate and optimize steam reforming using Aspen HYSYS. A conversion-type reactor was used to develop this simulation-based model. The primary goal of this work is to investigate and optimize hydrogen production efficiency while mitigating CO2 by varying process parameters. The CO2 capture efficiency was investigated at the different yields for hydrogen production and a maximum of 98.8% absorption of the CO2 was achieved using the carbon capture system proposed in the current study. Later, the Aspen Energy Analyzer tool revealed potential improvements for energy and cost optimization.

A new micell-mediated phase separation technique has been created to preconcentrate levels of iron before measuring it using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer. The method is based on the extraction of iron from the 1-Nitroso-2- naphthol reagent using Triton X-114 in a cloud point extraction procedure, where the method's ideal conditions were attained. 0.2 mL of Triton X-114, 2.887 mmol. L-1 of 1-Nitroso-2-naphthol reagent, pH = 8, 60 ºC. The Iron detection limit for the method is 0.05 µg. mL-1, and the RSD% is 4.728 µg. mL-1. Linearity was maintained in the iron concentration range of 0.25 to 16 µg. mL-1. Furthermore, the interference impact of certain cations was assessed. The proposed method was successfully applied to determine the Iron ion in the wastewater in ten different stations. eight lifting stations and two treatment stations in the center and district of Al-Hurr in the Karbala city. In addition, the Iron element in the wastewater from the study sites was also directly evaluated using inductively-coupled plasma mass technology.

The movie recommendation system plays a crucial role in assisting movie enthusiasts in finding movies that match their interests, saving them from the overwhelming task of sifting through countless options. In this paper, we present a content-grounded movie recommendation system that leverages an attribute-based approach to offer personalized movie suggestions to users. The proposed method focuses on attributes such as cast, keywords, crew, and genres of movies to predict users\' preferences accurately. Through extensive evaluation, our content-grounded recommendation system demonstrated significant improvements in performance compared to conventional methods. The precision and recall scores increased by an average of 20% and 25%, respectively, resulting in more accurate and relevant movie recommendations for users. The philosophy behind our approach lies in the belief that content-based methods can overcome some limitations of collaborative filtering, especially when dealing with new or niche movies with limited user ratings. By considering the specific attributes of movies and matching them to users preferences, our system can provide more tailored recommendations, enhancing user satisfaction and engagement. Overall, our content-based movie recommendation system showcases the potential of attribute-based approaches to deliver efficient and personalized recommendations. By reducing the burden on users to find suitable movies, we aim to enrich their movie-watching experience and foster their passion for cinema.

In this paper, the effect of magnetic field on two –phase flow of Jeffrey and non-Jeffrey fluids in an inclined medium is investigated. The flow in both medium is assumed to be set in motion by constant pressure gradient. The electrical conductivity in the non-Jeffrey fluid in phase I is considered to be zero, so that the constant magnetic field strength Bo in the transverse direction only affects the Jeffrey fluid in phase II. The equations governed the flow of the fluid were solved using perturbation method. The effect of magnetic field, Jeffrey and thermal slip parameters on the temperature and velocity profile were examined through several graphs. It is noticed that the increase in magnetic field, decreased the fluid velocity and increased the temperature profile in phase II while it has partial effect in the velocity and decreased the temperature of phase I. Also, the increase in the thermal slip parameter has no effect on the velocity of both phases but, decreased the temperature profile of the non-Jeffrey fluid in phase I and increased that of the Jeffrey fluid in phase II.