JOURNAL OF SPORT SCIENCES

The study of legal knowledge of fencing and its importance to world rulers, The researchers called for using the descriptive approach in both survey methods and comparing them. Through the use of preparing an electronic knowledge test for some articles of the international law of fencing. And distribute it through social networking sites to them, after data collection and statistical processing.The researchers reached the most important conclusions, including:There are no differences in the level of legal knowledge of the fencing rulers, whether in the variables of continent, nationality and weapon. The researchers recommend the following:Work to open regular training and arbitration courses and workshops on international fencing law for referees, coaches and players.Conducting other research on international law of fencing and in English, especially for first-class referees, for the purpose of preparing them for international promotion

Conflict and rivalry between different countries have increased in the Olympic competitions, especially athletics competitions, and the coaches of those countries have been forced to search about the best methods and training methods based on the different sciencesof the movement in order to achieve physical, physiological, psychological and mechanical development of their players To win and get ahead of the contests, and for that, researchers have gone into the subject of preparing jogging drills based on three theories in determining severity and the theory of kinetic energy, mechanical power, and target time, since no one from the local coaches cared about training according to these theories to demonstrate Their effect is to develop some of the physical abilities of 400 m youth contestants. The aim of the research was to set up drills ran by determining the severity of these theories, and to learn the impact of these exercises in your speed and endurance abilities and the fatigue and achievement index for the contestants ran 400 m. The search applied to a group of two 400-mcontestants, who represent the sports Talent Training Center of the Ministry of Youth\'s Athletics, they were divided into three experimental totals, the first to be trained according to the intensity of kinetic energy theory, and the second to be trained according to the severity of the power theory. Mechanical, the third training is determined by the severity of the target-time theorem, and the exercise lasted three units per week and for 10weeks, the results have shown an evolution in your speed and endurance levels and the index of fatigue among the three totals

The importance of this study is evident in identifying the extent of the influence of the administrative direction and the supervisory work carried out by the specialized educational supervisor on physical education teachers in Diyala Governorate, and has he achieved the goal for which he was found, by building the measure of administrative guidance for the educational supervisor of competence from the point of view of physical education teachers to be A source for all researchers and those interested in evaluating educational work.
40As for the problem of the study, it lies in the lack of a tool that measures the level of administrative guidance for the educational supervisor of specialization from the point of view of physical education teachers in Diyala governorate and the extent of its importance in revealing the extent of the influence of the specialized educational supervisor on the competence of physical education teachers as an attempt to evaluate the integrated educational relationship between them and the advancement of the supervisor level Educational competence.As for the aim of the research, it is to build a measure of administrative guidance for the educational supervisor of specialization from the point of view of physical education teachers in Diyala governorate. As for the human field, it is the teachers of physical education in Diyala governorate, who number (470) teachers,and the spatial domain is the primary schools in the General Directorate of Education Governorate Diyala, and the temporal range from4 /10/2020 until .7 /4 /2021The researchers followed the descriptive approach in the survey method for its suitability to the nature of the problem, and the research community was represented by teachers and mathematical education teachers in Diyala governorate for the academic year (2020-2021) and their number (1057) of both sexes in the districts of the province, namely: (Baquba, Baladruz, Khanqin, and Muqdadiyah, And the Qarah Tabah and al-Khalis) distributed among primary schools, and the sample was randomly selected, and the number of the sample members reached (470), as it constituted (44.46%) of the total community, and the exploratory sample was excluded from the study sample of (30) teachers. The researchers distributed The scale form in its initial form consisting of (60) statements on the exploratory sample on 12/20/2020, while the scale building sample amounted to (170) teachers with a percentage of (36.17%) of the study sample, then the discriminatory ability and internal consistency of the expressions were extracted by Pearson method, and it was produced. About it (38) is a statement before the rotation, after that the stability was extracted by the method of Fakronbach, and through the results of statistical treatments of the data that were collected, the administrative guidance scale for the educational supervisor was constructed from the point of view of physical education teachers in Diyala governorate, where The scale consists of six areas, namely (administrative follow-up, technical guidance, administrative communication, administrative leadership, the surrounding educational environment, and administrative evaluation), and the two researchers
41recommend the necessity of adopting the current study scale as a tool to reveal the relationship between the administrative direction of the specialist supervisor and its impact on raising the educational competence of teachers physical education

The world has witnessed great progress in various sports, including handball, as this game is characterized by its diversity of skill, including the skill of correction, which requires accuracy and cognitive speed in order to reach learning this skill and increase the students' cognitive speed through the use of modern teaching methods that include several teaching strategies and that One of the most important of these strategies is the strategy of visual teaching. The importance of research comes through the use of special exercises according to the strategy of visual teaching in increasing the perceptual speed and learning the skill of shooting with a handball for students. The research problem is the existenceWeakness in cognitive speed and the skill of correction. The researcher used the experimental method to design two experimental and control groups. The research sample consisted of (70) students of the second stage in the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences at Diyala University and after the completion of the main experiment, the researcher concluded that the special exercises according to the strategy of visual teaching. It had a positive effect on increasing perceptual speed and learning the skill of shooting with handball for students

The studyaimed at self-training by using the home exercise app available on smartphones (mobile) in light of the Corona pandemic to maintain the level of some elements of physical fitness (strength, speed and agility) and maintain the weight of the players. The main experiment was applied on (6) players from a team The national team for fencing is aged (20-22) for a period of (6) weeks a day except Friday, since the training is daily and the self-training was at home at a time of (90 d) distributed over the hours of the day as a small training unit for a period of (30 d) in the morning, noon and afternoon due to the imposition of the curfew due to the spread Coronavirus The research concluded the desirability of self-training using the home exercise application in light of the Corona pandemic because of its good results in post-tests and avoiding boredom due to the curfew and home quarantine. The research recommends the use of other sports applications for self-training and for all age groups and both sexes in fencing

The research aims to prepare an educational curriculum according to the model of accelerating thinking in learning the front and back volley of tennis, identifying the effect of the educational curriculum according to the model of accelerating thinking in learning the front and back volley in tennis, identifying the preference for the influence between the educational curriculum according to the model of accelerating thinking and the usual approach to learning. The reforehand and backhand volleytennis searcher used the experimental method to design the equivalent groups of pre and post test,The research sample represented the whole research community, who are the players of the training center in Karbala at ages (13-15) years for the 2021 training season, and their number is (12) players. As for the research sample (subject), it represented all members of the community, and this means that the researcher uses the method of comprehensive enumeration for all subject. Then the sample was divided randomly into two groups (experimental and control) so that each group included (6) players.And the most important conclusions were the educational curriculum according to the thinking acceleration model that had an effective role in learning the front and back plane strike in tennis, the thinking acceleration model helped on its motivational and suspense effects on the research subject , thought acceleration model contributed to increasing attention and processing information in the research sample

The research aims to:-1-To identify the relationship between the special force and the technical performance of the kinetic chain on the parallel device2-Identifying the special strength of the research sample.As for the third chapter, it contains: The researchers used the descriptive approach in the survey method, which means comparing the phenomena with each other to reveal the factors and conditions. It also studies the nature of relationships, their problems, the complexities and the natural conditions of the phenomena. To achieve the objectives of the research, the researchers chose the research sample at random, which are students of the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences / University of Basra, the second stage for the academic year 2020-2021, and the total number of students was (175) students, and (10) students were selected for the research sample, and the percentage reached (5.71%) And homogeneity between groups was achieved in the variables (height, weight, and age) and the appropriate physical measurements were determined for each student. This section also contained the exploratory experiment and skill tests for the kinetic chain on the parallel device and statistical means.The researchers concluded the following:-1-There is a significant correlation between the explosive force and the speed characteristic of the muscles of the arms and the level of technical performance of the kinetic chain on the parallel device. The researchers recommended the following:-
1041-The necessity of paying attention to the development of general and specific physical characteristics for each apparatus and for each skill.2-The need to focus on performing and repetition of muscular strength exercises for the arms that serve skillful performance

AbstractThe current research aims to identify the level of professional compatibility among members working in youth and sports centers -Kurdistan Region of Iraq, where the researchers used the descriptive approach to suit the nature of the current study, and the research sample included members working in youth and sports centers for the year 2020-20 21 (125) members, and the researchers used the occupational compatibility scale prepared by (Hayali, 2013), and in order to reach the results, the researchers used the mathematical medium, standard deviation and percentage.The researchers concluded that the administrative leaders in the centers of youth and sports -Kurdistan Region of Iraq are working to strengthen the state of professional consensus among its members, by working to assign the tasks and duties of the workers according to the specialties and according to the capabilities and abilities of each ofthem.The researchers recommend that the individual possibilities and abilities of its members should be taken into account, with the aim of raising their morale and increasing their professional compatibility

Abstract :The aim of the study was for preparing a special exercises using different weights resistances and to identify their effect on the explosive energy of the upper and lower extremities and the aiming skill of the handball players. The experimental research was applied on a sample of 14 players representing the directorate of Anbar education team with handball at the ages of 16-18 years who are homogenous in rate of growth (length, mass, and age) who were divided into two equal groups in number of players. The researcher used a set of special exercises that were applied for 8 weeks at a rate of two training units, and after processing the results of the post measurements, the researcher reached for a set of conclusions, the most important of which was that the special exercises by using resistances of varying weights between the repetitions of the groups for the training weights of the experimental group had a positive effect on research variables, the explosive energy of the upper and lower extremities and getting the better of the control group, and the researcher came out with recommendations, including the use of the special exercises in this study by the trainers because of their effect on explosive energy and aiming skill for handball

ConclusionThe research aims to identify the nature of leadership behavior to trainers of group games and individual games of disability Louis . The research sample consisted of(35) player selected randomly disabused.Has been applied to measure leadership behavior on (24/12/2017 until 20/2/2018) the researcher concluded that there was no significant difference between leadership behavior to trainers of team sport and individual disability physical the one who recommends using more than one researcher conduct a leadership training during the process and I in line with type of event, which oversees the training of the coach. Defined research problem in that the player with disabilities Alvezaawiyeh characterized the specificity of different bad eggs that athletes in this segment are without differences in physical and psychological, which affects the motor to them, which requires the coach must take into account the privacy, so the trainer to become familiar with science education and field qualifying to continue to coach and interact with them, so the researcher tried hard to build a special measure of leadership behavior of coaches Alvezaawiyeh disability in order to provide an opportunity for workers in this field to use this tool and to identify appropriate behavior to deal with this segment of society.

AbstractThe historical study is an explanation of the events that took place in the past, the reason for their occurrence and the consequences of the periods that followed. Sports and their events are one of the most important topics raised in our current study. Among the important mathematical topics are the laws of their games, the method of arbitration and their beginnings, each onewith its causes and the requirements of the time period. called for by arbitrationAs for the importance of the research, it is knowing how, the beginnings and the type of arbitration, the number of referees who evaluate the performance of the players, what is the degree and its value, and in which country it appeared and on any of the gymnastics equipment.As for the problem of the research, it is that the historical studies in the field of sports are few studies, which created a void in the historical aspect in the university libraries. In addition, the developmental aspect of sports must be in line with events, study them in the past and link them to the development of world events.The aim of the research is to document the history of arbitration and the evaluation of the players in the gymnastics game.As for the most important conclusions or conclusion, they are Gymnastics is one of the games that has its roots in ancient civilizations and is the first international sports federation in the world The first tournaments started in Europe and the winner was determined by performing in the number of repetitions of the skill or the highest possible
161time and this matter was not Allows the referee to bias In the first Olympics, the bias seemed clear to the host country because of the number of referees and the obligatory performance of the players. The sum of three performance scores, and today the score is calculated through technical performance, kinetic difficulty, kinetic aggregates and innovation

SummaryThe researchers in this research referred to the leadership ability of the supervisors of the specialization, which in turn helps to understand the work with administrative objectivity and use it as a positive authority effectively and flexibly to achieve good performance and organize the process of interaction with the administrative requirements and needs necessary for the work of teachers, which in turn affects their behavior and interaction towards the educational and educational process and its reflection on their desire In belonging to the work and providing the best level of performance and thus leads to the success of the school in general and the success of the educational process in the concerned directorate in general.The problem of the research is to identify the leadership ability of the supervisors of the specialty and the extent of the impact of this ability on the organizational loyalty of physical education teachers in the Second
176Rusafa Education Directorate, by identifying the level ofthe correlation between the variables of the current research and the extent of the differences between the capabilities of the leadership ability of .supervisors of the specialty.The researchers used the descriptive approach in the style of correlational relations through the use of a questionnaire dedicated to measuring the variables of the research, on a sample of () a teacher and a school that was divided according to the research procedures into three samples (the construction sample, the survey sample, the main research sample), as important areas were identified. and required and presented to experts and specialists to indicate their validity, as well as the psychometric procedures of discriminatory ability, internal consistency, stability coefficient to maintain valid and appropriate expressions for the research variablesThe purpose of it is that the scale has been determined to appear in its final form, and it consists of (29) phrases for the leadership ability scale, and (26) phrases for the organizational loyalty scale, and it was applied to the main sample consisting of () a physical education teacher, and after conducting statistical operations for the results of the questionnaire answers that were obtained It from the research sample showedthat the hypothetical mean compared to the arithmetic mean indicates the presence of a significant significance in favor of the arithmetic mean of the two research scales, in addition to the significance of the moral relationship with the correlation between the two research scales. With the organizational loyalty of physical education teachers, and describing this relationshipIt is the main driver towards their distinguished performance. The current study also recommended supporting the directorate through functional integration between the specialization supervisors and teachers and setting specific criteria for leadership ability as an aspect of the nomination for the position of the specialist supervisor in the future

AbstractThe study aimed to build a measure of the teaching competencies necessary for the subject of team games (basketball, football, volleyball, and hand) and to identify which competencies of the teaching competencies needed are more important for the differential games subjects (basketball, football, volleyball, hand) and to know the effect of each of Variables (certificate, subject, gender, and experience) in the required teaching competencies, and the researcher used the descriptive approach in the survey and standard method for its suitability and the nature of the problem at hand. In the Iraqi universities of the Central Euphrates region for the academic year (2020-2021).The number of (100) teaching staff and the community was exclusively comprehensively enumerated, and the researcher reached the following conclusions, which are that the averages of the evaluation estimates for the total aspects of the required teaching competencies reached a good level of teaching, and the evaluation of the teaching competencies of the university professor is one of the main tasks that universities undertake and contribute to achieving University goals and mission. And also evaluating the teaching performance of a university professor has become an urgent necessity in Iraqi universities in university teaching and to find out the strengths and weaknesses, based on the research results, the researcher recommends establishing centers for the development of teaching performance in Iraqi universities, especially for the Faculties of Physical Education and Sports Sciences.And carrying out educational training courses, some educational requirements are set for university teaching in relation to Faculties of Physical Education and Sports Sciences for practical subjects, and to provide various equipment necessary to improve the learning environment and university education, such as a
191multimedia center, Internet laboratories for students and lecturers, technical and scientific workshops and laboratories, and software for teaching some Practical materials.

AbstractHence the importance of research in using a variety of teaching method to identify the best and most appropriate education in order to reach the highest levels of education to the highest levels using interactive education and its effect on teaching some of the basic skills in the halls to students. Through the followed hashtag (Commander).In which the teacher exerts a great effort in explaining, presenting, supervising and feedback to correct errors, and the researcher also noted that the basic skills of futsal football do not develop in a manner that is commensurate with the rapid development of the game, and this may be due to the lack of use of strategies or methods commensurate with the large number of learners. The burden of the educational process increases on the teacher or teacher, The aim of the research is to identify the effect of the mini-teaching method using interactive video in teaching some basic skills in
215futsal football to female students, as well as to identify the significance of the differences between the control and experimental research groups in the results of the post-tests. As for the research hypotheses, it showed that there are significant differences between the test results Tribal and dimensional research for the control and experimental groups in teaching some basic skills in futsal football to female students and in favor of post-tests, as well as the presence of significant statistical differences between the post-test results of the control and experimental groups in teaching some basic skills in futsal football to female students and for the benefit of the experimental groupThe researcher used the experimental method using the method of the equal control and experimental groups, as the research sample reached (26) students, randomly divided into two groups, each group (13) students. It also included the devices and means used in the research and determining the tests. It also included exploratory experiments, pre and post tests, and statistical means. As for the fourth chapter, the results were presented, analyzed and discussed in a scientific discussion based on scientific sources, and the researcher reached some conclusions, the most important of which was that the method of mini-teaching using interactive video led to the development of the skillof (rolling, handling, scoring) with the students' hall football.

The research aims to study social pressures and work pressures and their relationship to administrative decision-making for school principals in Salah al-Din Governorate, by identifying:-1.The level of social pressures that school principals are exposed to in Salah al-Din Governorate . 2.The level of work pressures faced by school principals in Salah al-Din Governorate.3.The relationship of the level of social pressures and work pressures with administrative decision-making for secondary school principals in Salah al-Din Governorate .
232The researchers used the descriptive approach with the two methods of surveying and the correlational relationships for their suitability and the nature of the current research problem. The research sample consists of (272) managers and directors, which represents (50%) and were randomly chosen from the total research community of (544) managers and directors. The most important findings of the study are:1.The level of social pressure for high school principals and principals in Salah Al-Din Governorate is high2.The level of work pressure for high school principals and principals in Salah al-Din Governorate is high3.The existence of a correlation relationship with a negative moral significance between social pressures and work pressures and the ability to take administrative decisions among high school principals and principals in Salah al-Din Governorate4.Social norms, customs and traditions in the society have formed social pressures that have increased the tension of the departments and affected the level of their security and job balanceIn light of the results of the study, the researchers recommended several recommendations, the most important of which are: 1.Reducing work pressures on school principals byassigning specialized assistants (administrative affairs and student affairs) in the school.2.Separating personal, tribal and family relationships from the school, its environment and administrative decisions.3.Activating the role of parents and teachers councils committees and increasing the community partnership between the school and its local environment.4.Conducting more studies and research in the field of social and work pressures on different study societies