MUSTANSIRIA DENTAL JOURNAL

Aim of study: Study the effect of canal preparation with different Niti rotary systems (Edge x7 file and F-one file) with different tapers (0.04 and 0.06) on the incidence of dentinal defect.Methods and Material:75 straight palatal roots of the maxillary first molar were collected, and the instrumentation was done to 11 mm root length for all samples except the control group; the samples were divided randomly into five groups (n=15 each), Group (A) was a control, Group (B) with Edge x7 taper (0.04), Group (C) with Edge x7 taper (0.06), Group (D) with F-ONE taper (0.04), and Group (E) with F-ONE taper (0.06) Every sample had a horizontal section from the apex at 2 mm, 4.5 mm, and 7 mm, dentinal defect was evaluated with 25x stereomicroscope, the data were statistically evaluated at significance levels of 5% or more using Fisher's exact test.Results: There is no significant difference between different tapers and between different files; in general, taper 0.04 showed less dentinal defects than taper 0.06, and Edge x7 showed less defect than F-ONE.Conclusions: F ONE file tapers (0.04 and 0.06) cause slightly more dentinal defect than Edge x7 file tapers (0.04 and 0.06) however, with no significant differences.

Background: Few studies have been undertaken to assess the influence of nanoparticles on the surface hardness of thermal investment materials. As a result, the current investigation was suggested to assess the influence of silica gel agents on the mechanical surface hardness of phosphate-bonded investment material at various percentages. Materials and methods: In this investigation, commercially available phosphate-bonded refractory investment material (Zetavest fine) and silica gel powder (Himedia-India) were used. The specimens were manufactured and split into four groups (n=16): specimens without silica gel substance; specimens with 1% silica gel material; specimens with 2% silica gel material; and specimens with 3% silica gel material. A mechanical surface hardness property test was completed with the use of an indenter durometer (Shore D). Surface hardness characteristics were analysed using a one-way ANOVA and post-hoc (Tukey) tests, with a p-value of ≤0.05 indicating significance. Results: The surface hardness of investment specimens with 1%, 2%, and 3% silica gel powder before heating were comparable and have shown substantial differences from the specimens with non-additive. Conclusion: Silica gel of 1, 2, and 3% can improve the phosphate-bonded surface hardness.

Aim:The objective of this study is to provide a valid and reliable Kurdish translation of the Oral Health Impact Profile-14 (OHIP-14) and to find the impact of periodontal health status on oral health related to quality of life (OHRQoL).Method: OHIP-14 was translated and checked for validity and reliability during the pilot study which involved 39 participants. After validation of the newly translated Kurdish version of OHIP-14, 323 individuals participated in this questionnaire-based cross-sectional study which involved documentation of their demographics and periodontal clinical parameters for all participants by the researcher using William’s periodontal probe. The questionnaire form was filled in by the participants themselves. Results: Among participants, the total mean of OHIP-14 and the mean values of all subscale scores significantly increase with worsening of periodontal diseases (P≤ 0.05), except for psychological discomfort, and physical disability. It was found that there was a statistically significant strong positive correlation between periodontal parameters (PI, BI, PPD, and CAL) and quality of life (p<0.0001).Conclusion: Based on the study's findings, it can be inferred that periodontal diseases pose negative impacts on the quality of life (QOL), with a more pronounced effect observed in participants suffering from severe periodontal diseases.

Background: Dental biomaterials made of titanium are commonly used. It depends on the implant surface texture to improve fixation and prevent the unwanted adhesion of bone cells. This study aimed to investigate whether continuous laser beam carbon dioxide (CNC - CO2) lasers produce specific textures on titanium surfaces with micrometer-sized indentations that influence cell behavior. Materials and method: (CNC - CO2) red laser device; with a fundamental wavelength of λ=10600 nm and power pulses of 34 W were applied, and textures on the surface of titanium discs were achieved. Results: Excellent degrees of uniformity and repeatability were achieved for the desired portions of the surface by creating different surface textures. The surface topography and chemical composition of the specimens were investigated by scanning electron microscopy, electron dispersive spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and surface roughness measurements. Also, a laser power of 34 watts raised the surface roughness, Ra (1.71 nm), and Rz (1.99 nm). Conclusion: Titanium surface textures with unique qualities can be formed in response to an increased heat input. When excessive laser power was used, the measured roughness increased because of instantaneous re-melting. The use of a right continuous-wave (CNC - CO2) laser on titanium used in dental implants can form specific surface textures.

The mental foramen (MF) is a crucial marker for local anesthetic, surgical, and implantology treatments. After passing through the mandibular canal, the inferior alveolar nerve and blood vessels exit the MF as the mental vascular nerve. On radiographs, MF appears as a round or oval area of radiolucency inferiorly to the corpus mandible on the lateral sides (left and right). Consideration must be given to its morphology, location, and anatomical variances to minimize mental nerve harm. The focus of this literature review is to find out whether cone beam CT (CBCT) can accurately evaluate MF anatomy implantation and increase the clinician's understanding of this critical topic. Evidence-based research published between 1987 and 2022 was looked for in the literature using MEDLINE (PubMed), Web of Science, Scopus, the Iraq Virtual Science Library, and manual investigation of more sources. This was done to find articles that might be relevant. Between the two premolars, or apically to the second premolar, was where the MF was located most of the time. Men had larger mental foramens than women did, on average. Males tended to have a longer anterior loop than females. More frequently than panoramic, CBCT correctly identified the anterior loop and accessory MF.

Objectives: How silver diamine fluoride affected the immediate and prolonged adhesive resin composite\'s resistance to sound dentin of permanent premolars. Procedures: Three groups were identified (total number=30). The manufacturer\'s recommendations were followed while applying adhesive resin to the dentin surfaces in Group A after they had been etched. In Group B and C, dentin surfaces were treated with silver diamine fluoride and 0.05% NaF respectively. Then etched and bonded as for the control group. Then resin composite build-ups were created. Following this, each group was divided into two subgroups (for each group n=5), subgroup 1 underwent a shear bond strength test by universal test machine after 24 hrs, subgroups 2 the test was done after thermocycling process (300 cycles). The mode of failure was also examined. Results: The type of dentin surface treated with SDF solution was significantly affect shear bond strength (p=0.000) for both periods (immediate and prolonged). However, there were no significant difference between NaF group and control group on shear bond strength (p<0.05) in immediate and prolong periods. On other hand there were statistically no significant differences between immediate and prolonged shear bond strength in SDF group (p=0.850),
NaF group (p=0.637) and control group(p=0.794) When dentin surfaces were treated with silver diamine fluoride , there were more adhesive failures not as 0.05% NaF and control group which showed more mixed failures. Conclusion: silver diamine fluoride significantly reduced bond strength of etch and rinse adhesive system. Pretreatment with NaF maintained the shear bond strength of the adhesive to dentin after 300 thermal cycles.

Background: The import of the rough surface makes the application of several elements to enhance this feature vital for the adhesion of soft liners. Aim: The study's goal was to to ascertain the impact of copper oxide nanoparticles added in two ratios to heated-cured acrylic resin and fiber laser surface treatment on surface roughness. Materials and methods:60 acrylic specimens in the shape of discs were manufactured and divided into three groups: one received no addition; the other two received the addition of 0.3% CuO NPs; and a third group that received the addition of 0.5% CuO NPs. Each group was divided into two categories: those that were laser treatment and those who did not. The surface roughness test was then examined using a roughness tester called a profilometer. Results: The average roughness values were high for the control groups and low for the CuO NPs 0.5% groups. The mean values in the laser-treated groups had greater roughness than the control groups, according to the laser application.Conclusion:. As the fraction of CuO NPs increased, the surface roughness reduced. The laser treatment also reduced surface roughness.

Aims: This investigation aimed to examine the impact of autoclave sterilization on the cyclic fatigue of AF-F ONE, ProTaper Ultimate, and ProTaper Gold. Materials and Methods: Sixty #25 rotary files were categorized into three main groups (n=20 for each type) as follows: AF-F ONE (Group A), ProTaper Ultimate (Group B), and ProTaper Gold (Group C). Additionally, within each group, there were subdivisions into sterilized and non-sterilized subgroups (n=10). Sterilized instruments underwent five cycles of sterilization by autoclave. Cyclic fatigue resistance was evaluated using a simulated canal featuring a single curvature (60° angle, 5-mm radius). Files were operated until fracture, and time and number of cycles to fracture (NCF) were recorded. Statistical analysis: One-way ANOVA, Post hoc Tukey test, and independent t-test.Results: ANOVA indicated a significant difference among non-sterilized groups (p < 0.05). Tukey's test showing a notable difference between AF-F ONE and ProTaper Ultimate/ProTaper Gold (p < 0.05), but not between the latter two (p>0.05). The fracture resistance of AF-F-ONE is significantly decreased after autoclave sterilization (p < 0.05), while ProTaper Ultimate and ProTaper Gold remained unaffected (p>0.05).Conclusion: Autoclave sterilization significantly affected the cyclic fatigue of AF-F ONE, whereas ProTaper Ultimate and ProTaper Gold demonstrated resilience.

Aim: The objective of this study was to compare the fracture resistance of root canals that have undergone endodontic treatment and have been filled with four distinct types of root canal sealers. Material and Methods: Sixty extracted palatal root of upper molars were collected and sectioned to get a 11mm root length. All root canals were instrumented using edge endo X7 system rotary files, and 35# size was the final size used to finish all the canals. After instrumentation, the samples were separated into four groups of 15 samples each according to the type of sealer, a single cone obturation technique was used : Group 1: obturated with Neosealer and gutta-percha. Group 2: obturated with AH plus sealer and gutta-percha. Group 3: Obturated with Onefill BC sealer and gutta-percha.Group 4: Obturated with MTA-Fillapex sealer and gutta-percha. After incubation period of 7 days at 37°C and 100% humidity the samples covered with thin layer polyvinylsiloxane impression material to simulate a periodontal membrane and then molded in acrylic blocks so as to set the samples ready for fracture resistance test using universal testing machine at a cross head speed of 0.5mm/min. One-way ANOVA and Post hoc tests assessed the data statistically. Results: The findings indicated that fracture resistance was significantly higher in those canals that were filled with Neosealer BC sealer (69.90 N) in comparison to the other different sealers used in the study (p≤0.05). A non-significant differences were found between (AH Plus and MTA- Fillapex) (p˃0.05), although Onefill BC showed highest mean of fracture resistance (65.07 N) than MTA- Fillapex and AH plus sealer (63.80 N, 63.64 N) respectively. AH plus sealer which is the least mean fracture resistance (63.64 N).
Conclusion: Neosealer Bioceramic sealer group demonstrated the highest fracture resistance compared to Onefill bioceramic. Both MTA Fillapex and AH plus showed the lowest fracture resistance.

Aim: The aim was to assess how orthodontic treatment and Filgrastim injections affect body weight in Wistar albino rats during and after treatment.Materials and Methods: Orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) was induced using the appliances, followed by a 14-day healing period after their removal. This study adopted a "split-mouth design," with OTM occurring exclusively on the left side of the mouths of 55 male Wistar albino rats, divided into five groups: A (no Filgrastim during active OTM, n = 12), B (Filgrastim during active OTM, n = 11), C (no Filgrastim during active OTM and healing, n = 11), D (Filgrastim during active OTM and healing, n = 11), and E (no Filgrastim during active OTM and healing, n = 10). Filgrastim (10 µg/kg) was administered intraperitoneally three times weekly throughout the trial. A force of 100 grams was applied mesially to the first molar using a fixed orthodontic device.Results: Rats exhibited significant body weight reduction (p < 0.05) after the first week, followed by gradual, slight weight recovery post-appliance removal. However, their final weight did not return to baseline.Conclusion: Orthodontic intervention might reduce the rat body weight, with Filgrastim showing minimal to no effect.

Abstract:
Background: Deep margin elevation (DME) is considered a conservative approach for restoring the deep proximal margin by applying restorative material over the existing cervical margin to reposition it coronally and facilitate the insertion of indirect restoration. Different materials have been used for the elevation of the deep margin. The present study aims to review the in-vitro studies and clarify the advantages and disadvantages of each restorative material used for the DME technique assessing fracture resistance, microleakage, marginal quality, and marginal adaptation. Materials and methods: An electronic search was executed using MEDLINE (PubMed) and Google Scholar databases using deep margin elevation, proximal box elevation, and cervical margin relocation to cover published studies from 2000 until 2024. A total of 938 articles were identified by the keywords and based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 16 articles were included. These in-vitro studies assess the DME technique in terms of fracture resistance, microleakage, marginal quality, and marginal adaptation all were analyzed and presented to suggest the best-recommended material and method based on evidence-based dentistry. Results: The studies showed that bonding indirect restorations to enamel margins had the best gap-free margins, followed by direct bonding to dentine. DME technique required careful layering of 1 mm increment to get fewer gaps. Following this technique, there was no significant difference in gap formation compared with those without margin elevation. DME didn't significantly influence the fracture strength in all of the materials utilized for DME except that elevated with smart dentine replacement material which has significantly higher strength than those without DME.
Conclusions: Based on this review, the conventional composite or bulk-fill composite preferred to be placed in multiple layers of 1 mm increment of DME to have fewer marginal gaps. DME is not preferred to be elevated with flowable composite, glass ionomer cement, resin-modified glass ionomer, and self-adhesive resin cement due to their low mechanical properties.

Abstract
Aim: The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of bur, sandblast and plasma surface treatments for Ti-implant abutment (Dentium/Korea) on the bonding strength with (5)Y-TZP crown. Materials and Methods: (40) Ti-abutments of implant were used in this study and divided in to four groups (n = I0 for each group) according to the surface treatment methods of titanium abutment: group (I) without surface treatment of Ti-implant abutment (control group), group (II) bur surface treatment of Ti-abutment, group (III) surface treatment for Ti-implant abutment with sandblast (50-µm aluminum oxide), group (IV) surface treatment of Ti-abutment with plasma. Then, (40) implant analogs were positioned vertically in acrylic mold. Each abutment was fixed on each analog with torque of (35 N/cm). Forty (5)Y-TZP crowns fabricated by CAD/CAM system that had special design with occlusal O-hole, then all crowns luting to all abutments using Allcem resin cement. All samples were then storage in thermos-cycling with (5000) cycles, finally the vuniversal testing machine record tensile bond strength for all samples, these results were evaluate using a one-way anova analysis of variance at a significance level of (p < 0.0I) .
Results: bur treated abutment (group II) showed the highest bond strength values, followed by sandblast treated abutment group (III) and plasma treated abutment group (IV). Group (I) had the lowest value of tensile bond strength. Conclusion: Surface treatments of Ti-implant abutment had excellent effect on tensile bond strength between Ti-implant abutment and (5)Y-TZP copings, roughness of abutment surface by Bur and sandblast increase bond strength , plasma cause increase in chemical activity of abutment surface and so elevate tensile bond strength.