journal of Economics And Administrative Sciences

Abstract:
The understanding of techniques called project scheduling methods, and the delay in the completion of the Karbala metal silo in the holy province of Karbala is the non-use of modern techniques in implementation, so the research sought to provide the use of project scheduling using one of the advanced scientific methods that have proven the extent of its ability to schedule any project and its projects are the trade-off between time and the cost of completing the project .The objective of this research is to find the time and cost of completing the silo project in normal and crash conditions using CPM, which will facilitate the marketing of local wheat from the farmer and export it to mills. MS-Project was used to find the critical path. The cost distribution method was also used according to early start (ES) and latest start (LS) method for calculating the process of distributing the costs of project activities and determining the area of financial savings when implementing project activities. The results obtained showed the importance of CPM and its efficiency in project scheduling, as the project was completed in normal conditions in 396 days and a total cost of 5,012,811,028 ID. However, when activities were crashed, the project completion time was 307 days and a total cost of 5,043,894,328 ID. The results also proved that using the method of allocating costs according to the LS method helped the decision maker to determine the area of financial abundance and the limits of financial maneuvering that he can perform during the completion of the project activities

Research Type: Research Paper

Abstract:
The business environment today is characterized by many changes, especially in the technological field. So, organizations require to keep pace with these changes by adopting new methods in providing products and services, including the adoption of digital leadership that is able to anticipate the future to seize opportunities in exploiting current resources while introducing new resources to achieve professional development in the all levels of the organization, which contributes to provide the best services and products to clients to gain their satisfaction and loyalty. The research problem is represented by asking a main question, which is (How can the administrative leaders of Al-Rafidain Bank employ digital leadership mechanisms to develop strategic foresight capabilities?), due to a variety of factors, such as misemployment of technology brought on by managers' lack of digital skills in providing banking services, which requires the adoption of digital leadership that contributes to the transition from traditional management to modern management that works to provide the best services that competitors cannot provide it, which leads to enhance the sustainability of the organization. The goal of this research is to investigate how the Al-Rafidain Bank's computerized initiative contributes to strategic foresight. The research sample was represented by the heads of departments and branches from Baghdad and the governorates, totaling (133) manager. The results demonstrated a substantial influence of digital leadership in boosting strategic foresight by applying proper statistical tools, such as the arithmetic mean, standard deviation, coefficient of variation, and the statistical program (SPSS) and (AMOS).

Abstract:
The research aims to test the correlation between organizational agility (AO) as an independent variable and strategic entrepreneurship as a dependent variable in the firms belonging to the Ministry of Agriculture of Iraq. Interest in these variables has increased as they contribute to environmental adaptation to maintain corporate value and reduce competition. To analyze the correlation between the study's variables, a set of objectives was formulated to reveal the nature of the correlation between organizational agility and strategic entrepreneurship, if any, in selected companies. Hypotheses were formulated to be notably related to the relationship association and influence organizational agility and its dimensions in strategic entrepreneurship. The study community reached 102 individuals. Because the study sample was (stratified) within the same level as the managers, 93 out of 102 individuals, questionnaires were retrieved. The SPSS program was used by utilizing appropriate statistical methods. The results demonstrated the acceptance of correlation and impact on the level of macro and sub-variables, and the study concluded that organizational agility behaviors need to be adopted by the organization due to an immediate response to understanding changes in the environment in terms of exploring opportunities and making flexible decisions towards investing in advantages towards strategic entrepreneurship.

Abstract:
The issue of water has taken a large place in the writings of researchers and decision-makers at global, Arab and local levels, especially in arid and semi-arid regions for many reasons. Water resources, especially those shared by more than one country, are also a source of conflict and tension between countries and will constitute the arena of future conflict under the name of (water war). There are many international studies concerned with the strategic management of water resources, and each study took a specific aspect according to the priority that researchers see in diagnosing the problem, which confirms the existence of a water crisis at the global level. Researchers have differed in presenting strategies for managing water resources, some of them gave priority to the stakeholders in solving the problem, while others focused on environmental analysis, still, some indicated the importance of strict internal management, and others found that the legal and political axis is the most important in strategies. In Iraq, the water problem is complex. It consists of all the previous axes, and this requires formulating a strategy based on an accurate analysis of these factors to come up with a strategic choice commensurate with the size of these challenges to address this serious crisis. Therefore, our choice of international, Arab and local studies similar to the case of Iraq will contribute to clarifying the proposed strategy to shorten the effort and time; this is done by analysing the strategies in question to benefit from them in drawing the features of Iraqi strategy.
Research type: Literature review

Abstract :
The research seeks to evaluate the reality of the level of improvement in a number of the Diyala governorate departments and to identify the gap between the actual reality of these departments and one of the requirements of the standard (ISO10006: 2017) through a case study of these departments, which are two departments (Engineering Construction and Buildings) which use tight checklists that are prepared according to the eighth requirement in the specification for improvement. The data are analyzed based on the seven-point Likert scale and statistical equations. The main result of this research at the engineering construction department is that the project management adopted documenting and analyzing the deviations depending on the importance of these deviations, where some minor deviations are dealt with simultaneously without documenting them. The main results at the department of buildings is the lack of a sufficient and integrated system for documentation that can be used by the project management, where the department did not specify the system that can be followed in projects and what are the procedures for storage, preservation and distribution, and the department did not develop a mechanism for improvement that can be followed to identify problems and treat them in order not to occur in the future.
Paper type : Research paper

Abstract:
The purpose of this study is to evaluate the impact of organizational justice on organizational development using strategic planning as a mediating variable. Therefore, the main question for the problem of the current study is whether organizational justice is of great importance and can enhance organizational development strategically. As a case study, an applied descriptive and analytical study was conducted on the Rusafa Health Department in Baghdad. The study included 182 individuals in the administrative levels of the Baghdad Al-Rusafa Health Department. Questionnaires were used as a main tool for collecting and analyzing data using (SPSS (to achieve the objectives and test hypotheses of the study. This study confirms that applying Justice Theory to organizations through organizational justice topics is a basic condition for organizational development. These practices maintain the organization's reputation and thus employee retention. The results indicated that organizational justice has a significant impact on organizational development in its various dimensions through strategic planning among workers in the Rusafa Health Department.

Abstract:
This study aims to measure and analyze the direct and indirect effects of the financial variables, namely (public spending, public revenues, internal debt, and external debt), on the non-oil productive sectors with and without bank credit as an intermediate variable, using quarterly data for the period (2004Q1–2021Q4), converted using Eviews 12. In order to measure the objective of the study, the path analysis method was used using IBM SPSS-AMOS. The study concluded that the direct and indirect effects of financial variables have a weak role in directing bank credit towards the productive sectors in Iraq, which amounted to (0.18), as a result of market risks or unstable expectations in the economy. In addition to the weak credit ratings of borrowers, this is on the one hand, and on the other hand, the majority of the credit granted by the Iraqi banking system has been directed towards the construction sector as a result of the guarantees that this sector can provide compared to other productive sectors. On the other hand, financial variables were not supportive in directing bank credit towards the development of these sectors in the country's GDP because the results reflected by the direct and indirect effects of financial variables were weak in supporting productive sectors with or without bank credit. (Especially since the local debt was competing with the private sector in obtaining bank credit, and this is called the effect of crowding out.)

Paper type: Research paper.

Abstract:
The effect of COVID-19 on firms’ operations has been the worst of any previous epidemic. The overall supply chains, corporate operations, and performance have all been impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic, making small and medium-sized organizations more susceptible. At the same time, a sizable body of research-based literature demonstrates the detrimental impact of disruptions on firms. There is a severe lack of literature on the effects of disruptions on performance among small and medium enterprises (SMEs) and the elements that could increase their resistance to disruptions in sub-Saharan African economies. The research suggested that disruption absorption plays a moderating role as an in-house resource to reroute and counteract the consequences of operational disruptions brought on by the COVID-19 pandemic on the performance of SMEs around the world and in Nigeria.

Abstract:
Copula modeling is widely used in modern statistics. The boundary bias problem is one of the problems faced when estimating by nonparametric methods, as kernel estimators are the most common in nonparametric estimation. In this paper, the copula density function was estimated using the probit transformation nonparametric method to eliminate of the boundary bias problem that suffers kernel estimators. Simulation was also employed for the for three nonparametric methods to estimate the copula density function and we proposed a new method that is better than the rest of the methods by five types of copulas with different sample sizes and different levels of correlation between the copula variables and the different parameters for the function. The results showed that the best method is to combine probit transformation and mirror reflection kernel estimator (PTMRKE) and followed by the (IPE) method when using all copula functions and for all sample sizes. If the correlation is strong (positive or negative). However, in the case of using weak and medium correlations, it turns out that the (IPE) method is the best, followed by the proposed method (PTMRKE), depending on (RMSE, LOGL, Akaike) criteria. The results also indicated weak mirror kernel reflection method when using the five copulas.

Paper type: Research paper.

Abstract:
In high-dimensional data, classification performance is a crucial consideration. One method of interest is the penalized binary logistic regression. However, (Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator) Lasso method may face problems when the appropriate penalty for each coefficient is not determined. For this reason, different weights are used in weighted Lasso estimates to address this issue and improve classification performance. To overcome this limitation, we employ various Weighted Lasso Estimates, each with unique weight assignments, and compare their performance with our fifth proposed weight configuration. This application of Lasso weighting schemes aims to uncover the most effective approach for high-dimensional classification tasks while considering the optimal set of variables.
The evaluation criteria for these methods include the number of selected variables, classification accuracy, and mean squared error. We then apply these techniques to real-world data to identify the most effective classification mode and select the optimal set of variables. This rigorous and precise investigation aims to provide a robust and reliable classification approach for high-dimensional systems.