Al-Qadisiyah Journal For Agriculture Sciences

Viruses have a high ability to resist drugs and adapt to all conditions. This has encouraged the scientific community to develop new therapeutic agents by using antioxidant compounds that are naturally present in foods and medicinal plants. Cellular harm caused by free radicals (Reactive Oxygen Spescies ROS) leads to many From the diseases such as diabetes, virus inflammation, impregnability diseases, and digestive diseases. ROS are created during Metabolism of complex chemical compounds. Some plants are characterized by their antioxidant and antiviral activity which increases their ability to fight viruses, therefore plants with antioxidant capacity protect cells by stopping the oxidation chain reaction, and also can contribute significantly to offsetting oxidative stress caused by viral disease. Essential oils extracted from plants may serve as potential alternative sources for treating diseases caused by certain viruses. This study aims to show the potential effect of natural antioxidants found in some foods, herbs and their essential oils in treating some viral diseases, as well as how they work in boosting immunity and inhibition of free radicals

The study has been done in the Fish Laboratory of the Dep. of Animal Production / Faculty of Agriculture / Tikrit University to exhibit the effect of using prepared fish residue powder enrichment by lactic and formic 1%,2% on coefficient of digestion and rates of growth Cyprinus carpio L.This has been given for eighty fish, while the fish has been put in sixteen glass pools each one has five fish. Also, the initial weight had been a 270±1.85g/fish. In general, fish had been fed for two times a day. In this feed which has been prepared from chemical elements for feeding common carpio The T2 and T3 groups had recorded the highest digested coefficient of protein which reached about 83.36±0.58 and 80.33±0.47 respectively, while the digested coefficient of carbohydrate had recorded around 78.59±0.95 and 76.86±0.53 respectively. The indigested coefficient of ash was written down by about 89.14±1.28 and 87.76±0.39 respectively, so these results of T2, T3 are more significant effect than others. Moreover, all experimental groups in the digested fat coefficient were a significant higher compared of the T1 control treatment 79.46±0.99 .The T3 and T5 had recorded the highest rate of weight by around 109.56g and 105.47g respectively, while the T3 group appeared the highest rates of daily growth of 2.17 g/day, relative growth 42.03, and qualitative growth of 0.29 g/day at P≤0.05 level compared of others. The current study shows that the abilities of adding lactic and formic acid by about 1%, 2% respectively into feeding fish has had a critical positive effect on coefficient of digestion and without any side effects by using as a source of animal protein into feed common carp fish.

The experiment was carried out in a private agricultural field in Baladrooz district, Diyala Governorate, Iraq in the autumn season 2019-2020 to study the effect of spraying with sorbitol and boron on the vegetative growth characteristics and oil percentage of rapeseed. Spraying of boron 50 and 100 mg gave the highest mean in root length 28.59 and 27.83 cm, number of main roots 32.19 and 32.61, number of pods 739.8 and 746.8, and oil percentage 45.08 and 47.43 % compared to boron 0 mg (untreated plants) which reached 26.36 cm, 28.92, 616.5 and 43.24% respectively, while spraying of sorbitol 30 g recorded the highest mean in leaf area 298.14 cm, fresh weight of leaves 13.44 g, dry weight of leaves 1.244 g, root length 29.43 cm, main roots number 34.21, number of pods 746.9 and oil percentage 47.78 % as compared with sorbitol 0 g (untreated plants) which reached 248.50 cm, 10.81 g, 0.962 g, 25.54 cm, 25.49, 602.5 and 41.36% respectively. The interaction of spraying between sorbitol and boron on rapeseed plants resulted in a significant increase in all studied traits, where treatment of boron 100 mg with sorbitol 30 g led to a significant increase in leaf area, fresh weight of leaves, dry weight of leaves and root length, which reached 338.33 cm, 14.99 g, 1.323 g and 30.16 cm respectively, whereas the treatment of boron 100 mg with sorbitol 20 g recorded the highest increase in the number of roots, number of pods and percentage of oil, as it gave 36.50 , 869.2 and 49.67% respectively.

A pots experiment was conducted in Baladrooz district, Diyala Governorate, Iraq in autumn season 2020 to study the effect of spraying with rapeseed oil and tryptophan on vegetative growth characteristics of Periwinkle Catharanthus roseus.A factorial experiment was applied with two factors, spraying of the rapeseed oil and tryptophan in three levels (0, 5 and 10 ml. l-1) and (0, 100 and 200 mg. l-1) respectively. The results show that each of rapeseed oil or tryptophan in improved all studied characteristics, when they were sprayed separately, also the interaction between them was effective, Tryptophan 100 mg. l-1 and rapeseed oil 10 ml. l-1 gave the highest increase in number of vegetative branches 11.12 and the number of leaves 84.68, whereas the tryptophan 100 mg. l-1 and rapeseed oil 5 ml. l-1gave the highest value of leaf area 22.36 cm2, fresh weight of the shoot 28.26 g, dry weight of the shoot 7.23 g and dry weight of the root 2.34 g,the tryptophan 200 mg. l-1 and rapeseed oil 5 ml. l-1gave the highest value of plant height 40.00 cm.

Endophyte microorganisms have great biotechnological interest, with features applicable to different areas and are potentially useful in agriculture. In the current study, the most dominant and representative endophytic fungal species of seven halophytic plants prevalent in the southeastern Algeria, Touggourt, were screened for their ability to produce four extracellular enzymes namely: cellulase, amylase, laccase, and lipase. Zygophyllum album came first by hosting diverse endophytic species among all the tested plants with eight species followed by Tamarix boveana and Limoniastrum guyonianum (46.66%) as well as Phragmites communis with 40% and Haloxylon articulatum and Aeluropus littoralis with 33.33%. Unlike J. effusus, it was the less diverse plant where only three species (20%) were identified. In term of enzymatic activities of the selected fungi, the two species of Chaetomium presented cellulase, amylase and lipase activity. Unlike, Trichoderma harzianum involved in lipase, Ulocladium sp. in cellulase, Bipolaris sp. and Botryostimphylium sp. in Amylase. Unlike, the two species of Chaetomium involved in cellulase, amylase and lipase. On the other hand, no enzyme activity was recorded in the colonies of Fusarium sp.