journal of Economics And Administrative Sciences

The current study aims to test the impact of green training and development on sustainable performance and explore its effects within and outside the Iraqi Ministry of Environment. The main research problem revolves around the question of the extent of implementing green training and development and sustainable performance in the ministry (What is the nature of the relationship between green training and development and sustainable performance in the ministry?). To clarify the relationship between the research variables, two main hypotheses were formulated along with sub-hypotheses. The study also aims to assess the level of the ministry's interest in the research variables and provide key recommendations to enhance sustainable performance through the adoption of green training and development. The descriptive-analytical method was employed in this study, where data was collected from a random sample of 250 individuals, but 150 questionnaires were collected. The researchers used a range of statistical methods using software such as Excel, SPSS V28, and Amos V25. The most significant results of the study indicate that sustainable environmental performance can be enhanced through a focus on training and the development of green environmental practices in general. Furthermore, a noticeable impact was observed for both variables (environmental training and development and sustainable performance), with prioritization and preference given to sustainable performance in practical implementation over training and environmental development. Based on the results, it is recommended to improve sustainable performance through the implementation of environmental training and development programs within the Ministry of Environment, while also focusing on research variables associated with sustainable performance.
Paper type: Research paper.

The current research aims to measure the level of entrepreneurial orientation and its dimensions (creativity, independence, proactivity, risk tolerance, and achievement) in the National Security Chancellery, as its importance and role in guiding senior leaders of the chancellery to make strategic decisions with high quality in various Iraqi concerns , more specifically the security aspect. The data was collected from 94 individuals (the research sample) from the research community (120) individuals at different administrative levels and intentionally where the questionnaire was adopted as a main tool for data collection and the primary data was analyzed through descriptive and inferential statistical methods (arithmetic mean, standard deviation, coefficient of variation, and relative importance) using the statistical analysis program (SPSS V28). The most prominent result was the direction of the National Security Chancellery to continuously improve its entrepreneurial orientation (creativity, proactivity, and taking risks). While independence and achievement came in the last order).


Paper type: Research paper

The main purpose of this research is to diagnose the role of the Knowledge Accumulation of Human Resources KAHR in Strategic Performance SP, and for that, the research was applied to the represented sample by the administrative leaders consisting of (108) individuals distributed according to their positions and the organizational structure of the ministry. Correlations, effects, and benefits from generalizing the results in the field of research. The research involved a mixed-methods approach through two stages. During the first stage, the researcher gathered quantitative data from a questionnaire. The second stage gathered qualitative data to explore the survey results more deeply by conducting individual interviews with a sub-sample of 12 who are working at the Higher Institute for Security and Administrative Development HISAD in the Iraqi Interior Ministry. In order to answer questions of the research problem and reach the goals to be achieved, this research used many statistical methods, such as regression coefficient, correlation coefficient, weighted arithmetic mean, standard deviation, and coefficient of variation. In addition to several figures and illustrations show the relationship between the research variables and their dimensions. The research showed several important results representing statistically significant effect of KAHR on SP. In the end, the research provided many recommendations was the most vital that the Higher Institute for Security and Administrative Development should confirm and invest in the KAHR in enhancing its strategic performance.

Paper type: Research paper

This research aims to test the effect of strategic cohesion with its dimensions (organizational excitement, organizational casting, organizational synergy) as an independent variable on administrative excellence as a dependent variable in the Ministry of Planning, and through surveying several employees (general managers, heads of departments, and units managers). As a research community, and based on the importance of the research topic in the aforementioned research community. The researchers have adopted the descriptive-analytical using the questionnaire as the main data collection. 155 questionnaires were distributed, yet,114 of them were retrieved and 110 were used for final statistical analysis. The researchers used the relevant standard statistical methods, for example, “(confirmative and exploratory factor analysis, coefficient of variance, and relative importance). To test the hypotheses and a number of statistical measurements based on them (SPSS, AMOS V.25)), the researchers depend on the (Kolmogorov – Smirnov test), The most prominent result is that strategic cohesion with its dimensions impact on administrative excellence. The most important recommendation is that there is a need for the Ministry of Planning to adopt strategic cohesion and focus on it to reach the excellence that the ministry seeks to reach its goals, vision, and mission.

Paper type: Research paper.

The research aims to diagnose the shortcomings and weaknesses in applying the dimensions of the quality of work life and the extent of their impact on employees’ attitudes and behaviors, and thus their relationship to enhancing their core competencies. The scientific value of the research stems from highlighting the importance of the dimensions of the quality of professional life in improving the productive efficiency of workers in the public sector and raising the level of organizational performance. Because the quality of working life plays an important role in enhancing the core competencies of employees in the public sector, it can also be an incentive or a disincentive for any employee by adapting to the economic and social conditions in which the individual lives and the effort in their work. The researchers used a descriptive-analytical approach by adopting a questionnaire as the primary tool. The Ministry of Health was chosen as the research community through a sample survey that included the general director and their assistants, department heads and their assistants, and directors of departments and units. The sample size was 155 from Ministry of Health leaders, and the SPSS statistical program was used to analyze the data. The results of the research showed that there is a direct correlation and influence on the dimensions of the quality of work life and its contribution to reinforcing the core competencies of the ministry under investigation, which is reflected in improving its job performance in general.

Paper type: Research paper

This study aims to measure and analyze the direct and indirect effects of the financial variables, namely (public spending, public revenues, internal debt, and external debt), on the non-oil productive sectors with and without bank credit as an intermediate variable, using quarterly data for the period (2004Q1–2021Q4), converted using Eviews 12. To measure the objective of the study, the path analysis method was used using IBM SPSS-AMOS. The study concluded that the direct and indirect effects of financial variables have a weak role in directing bank credit towards the productive sectors in Iraq, which amounted to (0.18), as a result of market risks or unstable expectations in the economy. In addition to the weak credit ratings of borrowers, this is on the one hand, and on the other hand, the majority of the credit granted by the Iraqi banking system has been directed towards the construction sector as a result of the guarantees that this sector can provide compared to other productive sectors. On the other hand, financial variables were not supportive in directing bank credit towards the development of these sectors in the country's GDP because the results reflected by the direct and indirect effects of financial variables were weak in supporting productive sectors with or without bank credit. (Especially since the local debt was competing with the private sector in obtaining bank credit, and this is called the effect of crowding out.)


Paper type: Research paper.

The research addresses the role of the digital economy in the growth of the Iraqi economy during the period from 2010 to 2022. The research is based on the hypothesis that the digital economy has become one of the primary growth drivers worldwide and has a close relationship with economic development. Therefore, the digital transformation in Iraq can accelerate bridging developmental gaps with other countries.
It has become evident that the Iraqi economy suffers from structural imbalances for various reasons, hindering economic growth. These reasons include political and economic factors, as well as the absence of a well-thought-out policy to promote the agricultural sector, which is considered one of the fundamental sectors capable of stimulating the Iraqi economy.
The study found that the digital economy contributes to increasing the gross domestic product if computer technology and information and communication technology are applied in economic activities such as agriculture, industry, trade, finance, and services. Furthermore, focusing on local expertise and educated individuals can be significant. The study recommends providing the necessary infrastructure for the digital economy in Iraq to serve all sectors, especially the agricultural sector and e-commerce. It also emphasizes the need to promote innovation, reduce corruption, and achieve security stability to create a safe environment for foreign investment. It aims to introduce advanced technology to Iraq and preserve scientific capabilities. Establishing an independent institution to manage and regulate the implementation of the digital economy as a national priority and working on improving information and communication technology is also advised.

Paper type: Research paper.

The current research aims to identify the level of strategic orientation and its dimensions (vision, mission, goals, and values) in the Iraqi National Security Service (INSS). The researchers followed the descriptive analytical approach as one of the forms of analysis and organized scientific interpretation to describe a specific phenomenon or problem, adopting the form questionnaire being the main source in collecting data and preparing for this. Based on the program of the statistical package of Social Sciences (SPSS 26) to analyze the data and come up with the final research results to identify the opinions of the intended sample on the subject of research, and the questionnaire of (20) paragraphs included the search variable, and was distributed to 118 forms were recovered from which 115 forms were selected for statistical analysis since 3 forms are not valid for analysis, approved statistical programs (arithmetic averages, standard deviation, coefficient of differences, and relative importance). The most noticeable result is that the existence of values of Public Administration in the INSS apparatus emphasizes professionalism and integrity at work where all employees must adhere to the principles of ethics and their obligations as well as professional ethics.

Paper type: Research paper

In this paper, previous studies about Fuzzy regression had been presented. The fuzzy regression is a generalization of the traditional regression model that formulates a fuzzy environment's relationship to independent and dependent variables. All this can be introduced by non-parametric model, as well as a semi-parametric model. Moreover, results obtained from the previous studies and their conclusions were put forward in this context. So, we suggest a novel method of estimation via new weights instead of the old weights and introduce another suggestion based on artificial neural networks.

Paper Type: Review article.

Longitudinal data is becoming increasingly common, especially in the medical and economic fields, and various methods have been analyzed and developed to analyze this type of data.
In this research, the focus was on compiling and analyzing this data, as cluster analysis plays an important role in identifying and grouping co-expressed subfiles over time and employing them on the nonparametric smoothing cubic B-spline model, which is characterized by providing continuous first and second derivatives, resulting in a smoother curve with fewer abrupt changes in slope. It is also more flexible and can pick up on more complex patterns and fluctuations in the data.
The longitudinal balanced data profile was compiled into subgroups by penalizing the pairwise distances between the coefficients of the cubic B-spline model using one of the common penalize functions, the Minimax Concave Penalty function (MCP). This method, in turn, works to determine the number of clusters through one of the model selection criteria, Bayesian information criteria (BIC), and we used optimization methods to solve their equations. Therefore, we applied the alternative direction method of the ADMM multiplier algorithm to reach approximate solutions to find the estimators of the nonparametric model using R statistical software.
Longitudinally balanced data were generated in the simulation study, as the number of subjects was 60 and the number of repeats (time) was 10 for each subject. The simulation was iterated 100 times, and it showed that employing the MCP partial methods on the cubic model can group profiles into clusters, which is the aim of this paper.

Paper type: Research paper.

In this paper we build a fuzzy classification system for classifying the nutritional status of children under 5 years old in Iraq using the Mamdani method based on input variables such as weight and height to determine the nutritional status of the child. Also, Classifying the nutritional status faces a difficult challenge in the medical field due to uncertainty and ambiguity in the variables and attributes that determine the categories of nutritional status for children, which are relied upon in medical diagnosis to determine the types of malnutrition problems and identify the categories or groups suffering from malnutrition to determine the risks faced by each group or category of children. Malnutrition in children is one of the most important contributing factors to diseases and mortality. This research aims to develop a fuzzy classification system to assist in classifying the nutritional status of children under the age of five in Iraq using fuzzy logic, the fuzzy rules in the classification are derived from the Mamdani method. Therefore, by classifying the nutritional status of children more accurately, we reduce the chances of misdiagnosis and provide them with appropriate treatment more precisely to improve the health level of children and build a society more immunity and a good level of health.
The Cluster Sampling size is 16,487 observations for children under 5 years old in Iraq, consisting of 8,427 males and 8,060 females. The sample was divided into 12 age categories. The results showed that age categories less than 2, 4, 6, and 8 months had a underweight of approximately 30%. On the other hand, the age categories from 8 months to less than 2 years had a overweight of approximately 30%. While for the rest of the children in the other age groups, they had a normal nutritional status.

Paper type: Research paper