journal of Economics And Administrative Sciences

Abstract:
The research aims to reveal the impact of developmental leadership in its dimensions (ideal model, interest in employees, inspiration and motivation) as an independent variable in achieving adaptive performance in its dimensions (Creative problem solving, learning and motivation, Training efforts, adaptability, work stress management, dealing with crises and emergencies) as a dependent variable, and the research aims to enhance the quality of developmental leadership in the research sample through this leadership style, which is a modern style and is still under research and study with a focus on the benefit of adaptive performance From a psychological and organizational research sample consisting of (106) respondents from the middle administrative leaders in the general directorates of education in Baghdad governorate, adopting the questionnaire as a main tool in data collection, and using a number of statistical methods, including (standard deviation, Soble test, and Pearson correlation coefficient). There is a positive and direct significant relationship between developmental leadership and adaptive performance in general, but at the level of dimensions it was strong with the dimension of (learning and training efforts) and from medium to strong with (the dimension of personal adaptation and management of work pressures and emergencies.
Paper type: Research paper.

Abstract:
The problem of the research is that some companies lack the mechanisms and policies that to enhance the loyalty of these valuable resources, which led to difficulties in generating knowledge, producing, storing, investing and investing information to achieve a sustainable competitive advantage. In addition, companies are still working with the traditional wage system (monthly salaries), which makes people not think about adding value to work. The research aims to determine the level of variables for researchers to clarify the impact of the organizational innovation climate on sustainable competitive advantage. The Qualitative approach is used based on research. The research was applied in Internet Companies (Earth Link, Al-Hayat, Al-Jazeera, Hala Al-Rafidain, Orient, Sobriel, and Dish Net) in the city of Baghdad. A sample of (167) individuals in the aforementioned companies was chosen, relying on the methodology of this research, which is the survey methodology that relies on analyzing the questionnaire based on theoretical hypotheses that have been proven through practical tests and comparing the results between them.
The research finds that dimensions are available regarding the climate of organizational innovation and sustainable competitive advantage. The results show that there is an impact of the organizational innovation climate on the sustainable competitive advantage
Paper type: Research paper

Abstract:
The current research aims to identify the level of effective leadership practices dimensions (clear vision and specific goals, good planning and effective influence, and monitoring well as evaluation) among the senior leaders in the Office of the Iraqi Interior Ministry., The researchers adopted the descriptive analytical approach to collect data through the questionnaire as a main tool, developed by relying on international standards after making adjustments to its items consisting of (25) items that included the research variable, the questionnaire was distributed to all the research community (comprehensive inventory) by 120 forms from employees working at the level of (ahead of directorate, and ahead of department), to recover 105 forms, but the good forms for final analysis were 102 forms, form, using statistical programs (SPSS V.28 (, including (mathematical averages, standard deviation, difference factories, and relative importance, and the research reached the most prominent result represented by the existence of thus leadership practices with the senior leaderships of the Office of the Iraqi Interior Ministry.

Paper type: Research paper

Abstract:
This research has investigated the effect of the customer knowledge management CKM in sustainable promotion SP. The research conducted a quantitative method on a sample of employees in the Al-Furat State Company for Chemical Industries affiliated / the Ministry of Industry and Minerals in Iraq. The research’s problem presented a set of questions, one of the most important was (is there a relation and impact between the dimensions of customer knowledge management and sustainable promotion). The aim of the research is to identify the extent to which customer knowledge management activities are applied in understudy organization. This research adopted the questionnaire as a main instrument to collect information from (140) participants in various administrative levels (top management, middle, and executive). One of the most important results of the research was the existence of a relation and effect between the dimensions of customer knowledge management and sustainable promotion. Also, the findings of the current research revealed a great interest in customer knowledge management and its dimensions (knowledge from the customer, about the customer, of the customer, and joint construction) with sustainable promotion. According to these findings, the research recommended supporting CKM in the researched company through promoting activities related to understanding the needs and desires of customers and providing them with sustainable products.

Paper type Research paper

Abstract:
In the era of the digital economy, public organizations need to consolidation the capabilities of entrepreneurial alertness to reduce the risks of sudden transformations and changes, and to find effective mechanisms to discover and invest in environmental opportunities proactively, as this concern has become a knowledge gap in public sector institutions, the current research aims to identify the role of digital competence in influencing on entrepreneurial alertness in the Central Bank of Iraq (CBI), the descriptive analytical approach was used as a research method to describe and analyze the main research variables. digital competence as an explanatory variable includes three dimensions: digital infrastructure, digital integration, and digital management, while entrepreneurial alertness as a responsive variable comprises three dimensions: scanning and search, association and connection, and evaluation as well as judgment. The research sample included the middle and senior administrative leaders of the CBI through using proportionate stratified random sampling to get a good representation of each class of society (n=125). The statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) by AMOS were used to analyze the research data. The results indicated that there is a statistically significant positive correlation and influence relationship between the two main research variables and their sub-dimensions. The most important dimensions of digital competence in influence and interest were digital infrastructure and digital management. However, the influence of digital integration on entrepreneurial alertness was insignificant in the CBI.

Paper type: Research paper.

Abstract
The current research aims to evaluate the level of inclusive leadership within the General Secretariat for the Council of Ministers, and its role in achieving integration in work through the need to improve relationships between different administrative levels, facilitate participation, expression of opinions, and belonging to the organization. In order to achieve the research objective, the descriptive analytical statistical method was chosen using the SPSS V.25 programs, with various statistical methods and measures, including mean, standard deviation, variance coefficient, relative importance, and simple regression, through a questionnaire tool for data collection. The research community included the leadership in the sample of research, with (87) questionnaire forms distributed and (83) forms received. The main results of this research indicate the existence of an inclusive leadership pattern in the sample of research, through the availability of the dimensions adopted in the current research, especially dimension of openness that contributes significantly to employing inclusive leadership through the investment in new opportunities to improve work procedures and responsiveness to staff suggestions, and dimension of availability is through the leadership's ability to deal with work problems, where subordinates can communicate easily and participate with the leadership to enhance work performance, as stated in the dimension of accessibility, in addition, the inclusive leader must have motivational, communicative, and communication skills, be able to make appropriate strategic decisions, possess the ability to adapt to the increasing variables in the world, such as technological, social, environmental changes, and the ability to set prioritize and achieve the targeted goals.

Paper type: Research Paper

Abstract
This study came to discuss the subject of industries dependent on petrochemical industries in Iraq (plastic as a model) during the period 2005–2020, and the study concluded that the plastic industries contribute to areas of advancement and progress and opportunities to deal efficiently with the challenges posed by the new variables, the most important of which is the information revolution. communications and trade liberalization, and this is what contributes to the competitiveness of these industries. And because the petrochemical industry in Iraq has an active role in establishing plastic industrial clusters and clusters of micro, small, and medium industries by providing the necessary feedstock for these industries in various fields and industrial sectors, such as plastic packaging industries and building, And the industries feeding the automobile industry, textiles, machinery and equipment manufacturing, and other industries, depending on the availability of various petrochemical products and feedstocks. The study recommended that developing strategies and approving medium and long-term development plans through which results can be benefited from in the field of developing small, medium and micro industries, as well as coordination and cooperation between agencies. , and the bodies concerned with the development of small and medium enterprises in the Arab countries, and encouraging the establishment of projects for small and medium industries, and reviewing policies and legislation, and updating them to ensure facilitating financing procedures and encouraging and stimulating the participation of the private sector in the development of small and medium enterprises in addition to the government sector.

Paper type: Research paper

Abstract
This research aims to study and analyze the reality of monetary policy and financial sustainability in Iraq through either a descriptive or analytical approach by trying to link and coordinate between monetary policy and fiscal policy to enhance economic sustainability. The research is based on the hypothesis that the monetary policy of Iraq contributes to achieving financial stability, which improves economic sustainability by providing aid and assistance to the state to reduce the budget deficit and exacerbate indebtedness. The author used the monetary policy indicators, the re-deduction of Treasury transfers by the central bank and the money supply, and financial sustainability indicators, including the public debt indicators and the deficit or surplus to GDP indicator, to prove the role of monetary policy in enhancing the financial sustainability of Iraq and to show that monetary policy plays a role in making Iraq's economy more stable. The study found that there is a role for monetary policy in enhancing financial sustainability, significantly when oil prices decrease in global markets, directly or indirectly, through the use of a set of economic tools, including discounting treasury transfers, the money supply, and the exchange rate.

Paper type: Research paper

Abstract
The research aims to clarify the response of the GDP to the M1 shock. It includes access to the results using standard methods, where the standard model was built according to quarterly data using the program STATA 17. According to the joint integration model ARDL, the research found a long-term equilibrium positive for the relationship between GDP and the money supply in Iraq, as the change in the money supply by a certain percentage will lead to a change in GDP by about 71% of that percentage. In the event of a shock in the Iraqi economy, the impact of the M1 will differ from what it was before the shock, as the shock will increase its effectiveness towards GDP by about 10% more than before the shock. At the same time, the relationship between them remains positive. One of the most important recommendations is to work to achieve a proportional balance between the money supply and GDP. This is done through the control of monetary policy to reach a real balance between the monetary and commodity sectors. It contributes to addressing the chronic imbalances of most economic sectors, especially in productivity and its vulnerability to monetary economic shocks.
Paper type: Research paper.

Abstract
Iraq is highly dependent on international markets to provide food for its residents. As imported food prices are highly dependent on crude oil prices in global markets, any shock in oil prices will have an impact on food consumption in the country. As a result, it is essential to study the demand for imported food at every time period. To the best of our knowledge as researchers, as not even a single study is available in the literature, this paper is considered the first to study the demand for imported food groups in Iraq. Therefore, the main objective of this research is to estimate demand elasticities for several imported food categories in Iraq. This study uses an Almost Ideal Demand System model to analyze the demand for imported food in Iraq from 1980-2003 and 2003-2020. Data are collected from secondary resources. The main results show that some food categories become demand inelastic after they were demand elastic in the first period. In contrast, demand for some food groups become more price sensitive in the second period after it was less price sensitive in the first period. There are also changes in some food categories after they became luxuries in the second period. The findings of this study provide valuable insights into the changing dynamics of food import demand in Iraq and have policy implications by helping the decision-makers to invest more in the local production of some food groups.
Paper type: Research paper

Abstract
The machine learning methods, which are one of the most important branches of promising artificial intelligence, have a great importance in all sciences such as engineering, medical, and also recently involved widely in statistical sciences and its various branches, including analysis of survival, as it can be considered a new branch used to estimate the survival and was parallel with parametric, nonparametric and semi- parametric methods that are widely used to estimate survival in statistical research. In this paper, the estimate of survival based on medical images of patients with breast cancer who receive their treatment in Iraqi hospitals were discussed. Three algorithms for features extraction were explained: The first principal component algorithm, The second kernel principal component algorithm and The last is faster ICA algorithm. Then the important features extracted in the three algorithms for features extraction will be entered to machine learning algorithms: The first K nearest neighbor algorithm, The second survival tree algorithm (or regression tree), and the last random survival forests algorithm.
Two criteria for comparing the best models to estimate survival were relied on the MSE, and the C-Index. The best model for estimating and predicting survival is the use of the fastest ICA algorithm with the random survival forest algorithm that gave the lowest amount to MSE and the highest value to C-Index. Accordingly, we recommend doctors and medical professionals in Iraq to adopt this model to estimate survival for patients with breast cancer.