Kufa Journal For Veterinary Medical Sciences

Seventeen Iraqi pluriparous healthy Awassi 3-5 years old ewes were included in this study during breeding season selected randomly from flock with relatively low fertility to investigate effect of cervical microflora during breeding season on pregnancy rate, swabs for bacteriological examination collected from cervix pre natural insemination. The study results revealed 100% positive swabs culture with single, double and triple types of isolated microorganisms on culture and different pregnancy rates achieved, 41.17%, 47.05% and 11.76% subsequently. Single, double and triple isolated microorganisms of cervical swabs significantly (p<0.01) affect pregnancy rate of ewes, while no significant differences found in between these isolates on pregnancy rate. In conclusion: The study showed influence of microorganisms and combinations in the cervix during breeding season on pregnancy rate of ewes.

The literatures mentional that the male reproductive organs are under the effect of androgens which secreted from the testes ( Greenspan and Baxter 1994) . To know the role of scrotum in decreasing of testicular temperature we used twenty mature male rate . The animals were randomly divided into two groups , ten animals each ( Control and treated ) . Both testes of the treated animals sutured to the abdominal wall while the control animals were shamly operated .After one month all animal were killed and the testes , prostate and seminal vesicle were removed and put in liquid nitrogen ( -196c ) . frozen section made and stained according to the stander histochemical methods . The results showed an increase in acid phosphatase activity in the treated tissues compared with the control. Alkaline phosphatase enzyme activity were unstable , while the succinate dehydrogenase enzyme activity decreased markedly in the treated tissues compared with the control tissues . The present observation confirmed the role of androgen in regulation of male organs function .

The antibacterial activity of the Thymus vulgaris and Eucalyptus camaldulensis was studied against Listeria monocytogenes . The inhibiting activity was evaluatedby the agar well diffusion method.Results showed that the extracts of both tested plants demonstrated antimicrobial activity against the testedorganism but the efficiency of the extracts was significantly affected by the solvent used in the extraction as well as plant species and the concentration. The aqueous extracts appeared to be the highly effective extracts against the tested organism,it exhibited an inhibition zone 16 mm-24 mm for thyme and 15 mm-24 mm for eucalyptus in comparison with 21mm and 23 mm for ampicillin and ciprofloxacin respectively .The alcoholic extract of thyme had no antibacterial activity in concentration of 25and 50 mg /ml. The results of this study suggest that the antilisterial properties of these plants may be further investigated to explore the possibility of using them in the treatment of listerial infection.

Capsicum annuum(Capsicum pepper) is widely consumed as a fresh
vegetable(appetizer) by human community, although its extremely high
capsaicin content has led to other uses such as medicinal agent for many case of
humen , recently described antimicrobial peptides from C. annuum were very
efficient in inhibiting growth in human and plant pathogenic bacteria and fungi.
At this research, in order to explore the inhibitory effect of the C.annuum, as a
possible alternative to antibiotics against the challenge dose of Salmmonella
typhimurium in broiler chickens were studied.
The results showed that the use of mixed diet with C. annuum at percent 1%
and 2% ,were effective against Salmonella typhimurium infection through
decreasing fecal shedding , isolation rate, bacterial count of Salmonella
typhimurium and mortality rate also it cause elevation of serum total protein and
decreasing total serum cholesterol level .

The present study was carried out to investigate the protective and treatment effect of pomegranate extract (ellagic acid) to treatthe toxic effect of lead acetate.Forty adult male rats were randomly divided into four equal groups. First group kept as control, second group (T1) dosed lead acetate (10 mg/kg B.W.), third group (T2) dosed ellagic acid (100 mg/kg B.W.) plus lead acetate (10 mg/kg B.W.), while the fourth group dosed (200 mg/kg B.W.)of ellagic acid plus lead acetate (10 mg/kg B.W.).Blood samples collected at (2, 4, 6) weeks for measuring the following parameters: serum T3, T4, parathyroid hormone and Ca+2levels.At the end of the experiment(42 days)six animals of each group were scarified to examine the histological structure of thyroid and parathyroid gland.Results revealed a decrease in thyroid hormones (T3, T4) in lead acetate group (T1) and protective dose of ellagic acid (T2) group at day 28 and 42 days of experiment compared with control group, while treatment dose of ellagic acid (T3) causes a significant increase of thyroid hormones at the two period above compared with lead acetate and protective dose of ellagic acid (T1 and T2)groups. On other hand exposure of rats to lead acetate revealed a decrease in parathyroidhormoneand Ca+2levels compared with control group at 28 and 42 days of experiment for parathyroidhormoneand at all period of treatment for Ca+2,also protective and treatment dose of ellagic acid caused elevation of parathyroid hormoneat 82, 42 daysof experimentcompared with T1 group, while treatment dose of ellagicacid resulted in significant increment of Ca+2levels at second and last period of experiment.It is concluded that the deleterious effect of lead acetate on thyroid and parathyroid glandof rats may be treated by ellagic acid especially in treatment dose which lead to a significant improvement of their functions activity.

Cardiovascular diseases are increasingly recognized contributors to increased
morbidity and mortality in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Attention to this feature of
RA has been drawn by recognition of the key role played by inflammation in
atherogenesis. This may be related to an atherogenic lipid profile and endothelial
dysfunction. Conventional treatments of RA patient does not greatly affect those risk
factors . Moreover , they may aggravate them and carry a potential adverse effects.
Quercetin is a versatile flavonoid and has several biological activities that can
abolish most of the undesirable effects of the inflammatory process associated with
RA. It has well known anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant and cardioprotective
properties. In this work we investigated the effect quercetin on lipid profile and
sICAM-1 in 160 RA patient treated with azathioprine for 8 weeks. Patient are
divided into 4 groups each group was treated either with azathioprine ( Aza.)
combined with different doses of quercetin(500, 1000, 1500mg/day) . In addition, 30
apparently healthy volunteers were participated and served as control group. Blood
samples of the patients taken at zero time and after 8 weeks , converted to serum and
analyzed for ICAM-1 and lipid profile Results shows a significant ( P>0.05)
reduction in serum level of sICAM -1 in all doses tried in this study . Significant
reduction in both total cholesterol ( TC) and low density lipoprotein cholesterol
(LDL-c) specially at a dose of 1500mg/day quercetin . High density lipoprotein
cholesterol had increased in all doses quercetin as well as azathioprine only treated
group. The atherogenic index TC/HDL-c ratio had improved in all groups with no
significant effect on triglycerides.
From this study we conclude that although the treatment of RA patient with
azathioprine improve some cardiovascular risk factors specially lipid profile , the
addition of quercetin to such patients greatly and significantly improve lipid profile
and reduce the level of ICAM-1 which are important risk factors for atherogenesis .
It has also concluded that 1500mg/day of quercetin gave an attractive results
compared with other doses used in the study.

The aims of this research to diagnose Toxoplasmosis in aborted women and
cats in cities of Al-Qadisyia governorate . So 91 blood samples were collected
from clinically suspect- ed women and six samples of blood of stray cats .Latex
agglutination and ELISA ( IgG , IgM ) tests were used . The results , 75 cases
were positive for Toxoplasmosis in latex agglutination test (82%) , while the
results of ELISA test by using IgG reveal that 60% of the cases were positive
from that of positive to the latex test . The results of ELISA to IgM were 11
positive cases ( 14.6%) from that positive to latex .The immunofluorescent test
was done on 20 samples that were positive to ELISA (IgG) and the results 19
cases were positive ( 95%) .Six samples of stray cats , all of them were positive
for both tests agglutination latex and ELISA , IgG ,except one case was
negative to IgG.

This study comes to determine the effect of age gender on HCG levels in pregnant women. Fifty-four pregnant women divided into two groups according to age, group1 age range (15 – 30) years, group 2 (31 – 45) years. Pregnant test (β – HCG) applied upon urine sample in laboratory of AL-Sadre educational hospital inAL-NajafCity. The result revealed a highly significant effect (P < 0.05) of age in this hormone.

The rationale of the present study is to formulate and evaluate proniosomal formulations as transdermal carrier systems for terbutaline sulfate. Proniosomal formulations have been prepared from mixing of one or two types of surfactants (span 20, span 40 ,span 60 span 80 ,tween 20 , tween 40 , tween 60 and tween 80 ),cholesterol and soya bean lecithin . Different formulas of terbutaline sulfate proniosomal preparations were prepared by changing the surfactant type. The microscopic observations showed that proniosomal gel formulations immediately converted to niosomal dispersions upon hydration. Their morphological properties have been determined by optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The vesicle system was evaluated in-vitro for vesicle size, polydispersity, encapsulation efficiency of drug and permeation of terbutaline sulfate through excised rabbit skin. Optical microscope and scanning electron microscope pictures showed spherical shaped for all niosomes formulations of terbutaline sulfate and the size range in micrometer were 8.82-0.294, while the encapsulation efficiencies were 88.06%-39.46%. In addition better permeation was obtained from proniosomal gel through rabbit skin.

Histologically , the interstitial glands in she – camel ovary at one year aged was well- developed and scattered as cords among collage -nous fibers of the stroma in the ovary cortex . The interstitial glands appeared as arboriesed compound branched tubular glands , which composed of the interstitial polyhedral or round cells with round or oval nuclei . The cytoplasm was clear due to presence of numerous lipid droplets .

The present study was revealed that the interstitial glands were distributed in the stroma of she – camel ovarian cortex .These glands were adjacent to the blood vessels and atretic follicles. When the animal was advanced in age (3years old) ,the glands will change to simple tubular and decreased in number. Our results about the histological description , was noticed for the first time in the immature she – camel ovaries .

Abstract Toxoplasma gondii is globally distributed pathogen for human cause significant morbidity and mortality in developing fetus , in pregnant women toxoplasmosis is an important cause of abortions and stillbirth after primary infection . Therefore , the diagnosis of this infection is essential to prevent complications . This study was performed in order to evaluate the prevalence of toxoplasmosis in pregnant women and to study some factors that influence toxoplasmosis transmission . Among 260 sera samples tested using enzyme Linked immunosorbent assay(Elisa) . The seroprevalence of IgG which refer to chronic infection of Toxoplasma was (30.76 % )(80 out of 260 ) and IgM which refer to acute infection of Toxoplasma was (11.92%) (31 out of 260) . The present study demonstrated, that toxoplasmosis is more common among age group (25- 34 ) years ,and there is no statistically significant difference between of Toxoplasma infection and occupation of pregnant women , and there are significant role for the environmental and personal factors on Toxoplasma transmission , the study showed that the cats exposure woman were most affected by Toxoplasma ( 37. 5 %) and the pregnant women who not using disinfectant were more affected (42.51%) and the pregnant women who depending in their feeding on restaurant more frequent to infection with Toxoplasma (46.95%).

Smears from exfoliated vaginal cells of eight Awassi ewes were obtained from the animal farm of Veterinary College, Baghdad University during 2007. The smears were stained with Methylene blue and examined under light microscope. The present results clearly indicated that, through its upward migration, the vaginal epithelial cells undergo shifting in colour of both cytoplasm and nucleus, metachromasia. This may related to the different amount of glycogen loaded in the cells and the different amount of keratohylin which occupied the cell gradually and the pH of these cells after invasion with the endogens lactobacillus normally found in the vagina.

Fenugreek seeds has a wide range of pharmacological activities like hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic , galactogogue and diuretic activities. Most of these effects have been well studied. However there is no separate study that evaluate the diuretic effect of fenugreek. Therefore, this study was designed to evaluate clinically the diuretic effect of this herb. Fenugreek extract has been compared with equal volume of distilled water each has been given to a group of five healthy adult male albino rabbits. Both serum and 24-hr urine samples then analyzed weekly for electrolytes level, osmolality and pH for four weeks. It has been found that fenugreek, caused a significant increases in sodium and potassium excretion with a significant reductions in osmolality with respect to the control group. It had a significant hypocalciuric effect, in respect to the control group.. Serum values of sodium, potassium, chloride, calcium, pH and osmolality did not reveal any significant change compared with the control values. It was concluded that fenugreek has a very powerful diuretic effect and this effect is thiazide-like regarding urine flow and urine composition of electrolytes.

The present study was designed to evaluate the inhibitory effects of three local plant ethanolic extracts (Cyperus rotundus , Eugenia caryophyllus and Cariandrum sativum ) against the growth of Candida albicans in culture media by using of agar well diffusion method. For this purpose graduate concentrates for each extract ( 25 , 50 , 100 , 150 , 200 , 400 )mg/ml prepared and tested .The result showed that the extract of Cyperus rotundus was more effective than Eugenia caryophyllus ,while Coriandrum sativum has no effect in all concentrates on Candida albicans.

The statistical analysis by using ANOVA with LSD at level (p<0.05) showed that the concentrations 200 , 400 mg/ml for Cyperus rotundus and 200 mg/ml for Eugenia caryophyllus were a significantly preeminence on the effect of other concentrations and from the effect of Nystatin and Clotrimazole .

The present search conducted at thecollegeofVeterinary Medicine–Universityof Basrahto investigate the effect of zinc toxicity on the physiological parameters, histopathological changes and reproductive efficiency in the laboratory mice.

In this search, 32 mice were used, they were divided into two groups, each one consisted of four equal subgroups with 4 mice in each. The first three subgroups of each group were dosed via intraperitoneal injection with 60, 80 and 100 mg/kg zinc in the form of ZnSO4 for 15 and 30 days. An equivalent volume of saline (0.9 %N.S) was administered to the fourth subgroup which was set as the control group. The investigation of blood parameters included RBC count, Hb concentration, PCV concentration, total and differential WBC count. The results here showed a significant decrease (P≤0.05) of RBC count, Hb concentration, PCV value, and neutrophil count, whereas there was a significant increase (P≤0.05) of total WBC count, lymphocyte count, monocyte count, and there were no significant differences in the acidophil count and basophil count.

One trial was conducted to study the microbial load or the microbiological composition of litter (red wood shavings and Rice crust), prior to placing 1-d-old chicks, and after depopulation, the microbiological composition were as following Bacillus, Staph., Strept., Salmonella, G+ rods, Enterococcus, Clostridium, E. coli, Lactobacillus ,Coliform, the total aerobic plate count (APC) was determined and the predominant microflora of the samples was identified as possible.

Before chick placement, the APC of wood shavings (about 1.02 log10/g) was lower than the APC of Rice crust (about log10 1.47/g) of G+),with stocking, in both types of litter the bact. contamination increased to about (5.68 log10 of G+) and(6.76 log10 /g of G+),respectively, no isolation of any G- bacteria before chicks placing from red wood shaving, while the count of G- bacteria was equal to log10 0.69/g in the ice crust litter, and(about log10 4.02 of G- and 4.95 log10 /g of G-), before and after depopulation, respectively with significant differences between two kinds of litter also before placing chicks and after depopulation.

The present in vitro study was undertaken to evaluate the antimicrobial efficacy of essential oils of four medicinal plants including: Eugenia caryophyllus, Sesamum indicum, Linum usitatissimum, and Mentha piperita against the growth of seven pathogenic microorganisms: two gram-positive bacteria; Staphylococcus cohnii cohnii, Micrococcus spp., and five gram-negative bacteria; Pseudomonas aeroginosa, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis, and Enterobacter cloacae. The method employed to test the antimicrobial efficacy was the Agar Well Diffusion test. The antimicrobial activity of Eugenia caryophyllus oil against the growth of all the test microorganisms except Proteus mirabilis was statically superior to the rest of the test oils with mean diameter of zone of inhibition; 28.5±0.87 mm, 12.25±0.25 mm, 22.25±0.66 mm, 23.08±1.16 mm, 27.83±1.39 mm, and 10.91±0.39 mm against the growth of Staphylococcus cohnii cohnii, Micrococcus spp., Pseudomonas aeroginosa, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Enterobacter cloacae respectively. Sesamum indicum oil produce significant effect against Pseudomonas aeroginosa and Proteus mirabilis with mean diameter of zone of inhibition; 21.75±1.29 mm and 14.25±1.03 mm respectively. Linum usitatissimum revealed positive results against Micrococcus spp. Only with mean diameter of zone of inhibition; 30.41±0.46 mm. while the oil of Mentha piperita did not show any inhibitory activity against each of the test microorganisms.

The aim of our research is to study the prevalence of Toxoplasmosis in human in Al-Muthanna province during October, November, December 2009 and January 2010.

The sample size of the population studied was 81, our study revealed that total infection was 44.5% and there was significant effect of age on proportion rate which increase directly with age, highest infection rates was in 35-39 age group, while lowest at 15-19 age groups.

The infection in Unemployed women was 75% and higher than employed which was 25%.Ratio of the abortion was high and reached to 69.4% from total infected women . 54.3% of total abortions were due to Toxoplasmal infections.

This study included twenty seven rats were allowed to acclimate for 1 week in the animal house of veterinary medicine college. Rats were housed three per cage with dimension of (45*35*20). Rats were divided into three groups; the first group represent cadmium chloride (CaCl) treated group which include nine (9) animals denoted by (group A); second group represent thymus and cadmium chloride treated group which include nine animals (9) denoted by (B) and third group which represent control group which also include nine (9) animals denoted by (C). The CaCl was given by drinking water with dose rate (50 PPM) daily; the aqueous extraction of thymus also was given by drinking after adding of CaCl with dose rate (50 PPM) daily. Tissue samples were taken for histopathological study by killing (3) animals from each group at periods of (17, 24 and 31) days after exposure to CaCl. Routine histological technique ending by staining 5 μm with H&E and then examined by light microscope.

The histopathological results of group (A) revealed presence of pale area ( a” softening”) in the brain surrounding by edema. The tissue has vacuolated structure, also a number of astrocytes with small round basophilic nuclei and ill- defined cytoplasmic boundaries are present. Finding of hypertrophic reactive astrocytes and alterations of neurofibrils that clumped and twisted into odd shapes like tennis rackets or skeins of wool. The results of group (B) showed the protective effectiveness of Thymus extract against treatment with CACL and the brain tissue looks like normal regeneration occurs mainly at plaque margin and presence of normal white matter.

The histopathological results of kidneys of group (A) showed that the most prominent microscopic changes, in particular evident necrosis, especially in proximal tubules. There is atrophy of most of the tubules and the glomerular tuft shows marked increased in cellularity, with obliterated Bowman’s space . The most marked changes are the loss of tubules, and many of these remaining are small and lined by very atrophic epithelium. The results of Group (B) didn’t revealed any effectiveness of thymus extract against toxicity of kidney tissue with CACL.

The conclusion that the cadmium chloride may cause severe damage in brain and kidneys of rats and thymus can used as a protective agent against toxicity with cadmium chloride and this protective effect occur obviously in protection of brain tissue against toxic effect of cadmium chloride.

Atherosclerosis is a major killer disease world wide. The most common risk factors are diabetes, arterial hypertension, hyperlipidemia, obesity. The period of this study was continued for one year. This study explains the effect of Telmisartan on induced atherosclerosis in male rabbits. Eighteen local domestic rabbits were allocated randomly into 3 groups. Atherosclerosis was induced in 2 groups by adding cholesterol powder(3%) to standard chow diet for 10 weeks .Normal control group was put on normal chow diet. The blood sampling was collected firstly at the end of the induction period and every 5 days through the 60 days of treatment course, and serum lipid profile namely .TG,TC,LDL,VLDL,and HDL were measured .Autopsy of aortic (abdominal and thoracic) sectioning for histopathology were done before treatment and after completing the 60 days of treatment. Telmisartan show a significant reduction (P value<0.01) in serum cholesterol level, Triglyceride, LDL-cholesterol, VLDL-cholesterol ,and significant increase in HDL-cholesterol level as compared with control groups (p<0.01) ,Telmisartan treated group showed significant atherolytic effects (p<0.001) as compared with the untreated group.

We conclude that Telmisartan reduced serum levels of TC, TG, LDL, VLDL and increase serum HDL level in treated animals. Telmisartan decrees atherogenic index with atherolytic effect in arterial wall of treated animals.

For study of effects of adiponectin hormone on the plasma growth hormone level in the male rats, thirty male rats were divided into two equal groups. A dose of 20 microgram of adiponectin had been given to each individual in the first group (treatment group)for fifteen successive days. Level of plasma growth hormone has been measured and compared with control group. A significant increase was observed.

A clinical study of congenital anomalies in cattle and buffalo was done within Mudaina city. This study revealed an incidence of congenital anomalies between 2007-2009 which were: Fused heads, unilateral knuckling at front knee, hydrocephalus and eye flap, supernumerary pendulous leg, atresia ani, massive congenital ventral abdominal hernia, the upper and lower jaw and eyebrows are disappeared, multiple malformation of vertebral column and atresia ani et recti and the animal could not stand on its leg, and calf with malformation of vertebral column only, and the causes might environmental .

This study was carried out on eight of Awassi ewes in estrus during which keratinization can occur in the animal farm of college of veterinary medicine, Baghdad university in June 2006. In order to study the process of keratinization histologically, samples of vaginal smears were taken and stained by methylene blue. The present study recognized five stages of keratinization namely (stage of mitosis, stage of cellular transformation, stage of cellular adhesion, stage of endogenous bacterial invasion and stage of sloughing), during which the cells undergo a series of transformations in shape, size, colour and cornification. The study found also that the cells were transformed from small spherical basophilic shape to large polygonal acidophilic shape as the polygonal shape was suitable in hidden the interstitial spaces between the cells, when these cells try to building a compact sheet or packet which act as a defensive barrier to protect the internal environment against the external environment, finally the endogenous bacteria metabolize the glycogen into lactic acid which decrease the pH of the vagina and protect it from the pathogenic bacteria. Then these attacked cells start to exfoliated so that, we can regard the process of keratinization as a defensive mechanism in the vagina.