Tikrit Journal of Pure Science

This study was conducted in College of Science, University of Mosul, it aims to identify the intestinal parasites that affect mice and their effect, this was done by collecting 37 mice, 22 of which were used as a control group, when a microscopic examination of the contents of the intestines of these animals is observed the presence of parasites Triohomonas Muris, during the period 2l10l2019 to 20l1l2020.
The number of mice infected with one parasite was 12 mice infected with two parasites was nine, while the rest were free of intestinal parasites.
With regard to the effect of these parasites on their hosts, an intestinal decrease was observed in the value of both haemoglobin and the volume of compressed blood cells in each of the infected mice compared to the controlled group. The infection, especially the double effect in the mice, caused an significant increase on the total number of white blood cells and an increase in the number of neutrophils and eosinophils and a significant decrease in numbers of lymphocytes cells at p>o.05.

The current experiment previous from beginning of September 2019 until March 2020 and a It checkup 165 liver tissue of adult sheep from both sexes slaughtered in slaughterhouses and butchers' stores in Salahuddin Governorat.
Since the liver is one of the important organs where most of the body's metabolism activities occur in it, as it performs the metabolism of protein, metabolism of fats and the formation of bile, and the liver works to reduce toxic substances entering the body and plays a role in the immune response of the body so diseases that Liver disease affects animals directly [1].
The results are shown through macroscopic and histological examinations in the examined livers, presence of both acute and chronic phases. Where the chronic phase was the dominant, and showed infiltration of the inflammatory cells represented by lymphocytes, macrophages, plasma and eosinophils, as well as many necrotic foci, characterized by proliferation of fibrous tissue and thickening and expansion of the bile ducts compared to liver. The natural non-infection liver without fasciola hepatica whose cells are in form of polygonal rows in a radial order and each hepatic cell has a dark colored spherical nucleus.

This study was designed to diagnose intestinal protozoans and Nematodes in sheep in Salah al-Din Governorate, As 500 sheep fecal samples were collected from different regions of Salah Al-Din Governorate for the period from November 2019 to April 2020, The result of the study showed that the total number of positive samples for infection with intestinal protozoa and Nematodes is 270 samples with an infection rate of (54%), and The results also showed that the total infection rate of intestinal protozoa was (24%), Nine species of Eimeria were diagnosed in sheep, and the highest infection rate for E. parva (14.4%) and the lowest rate for E. weybridgensis (2.2%), While Cryptosporidium Spp the infection rate was (1.8%). As for overall infection of nematodes was (42%) The highest rate of infection Marshallagia marshalli was (44.4%) and the lowest rate of infection with Strongyloides papillosus was (2.9%). The diagnosis of oocysts and eggs depended on the morphological features and measurments that existing in specialized reference.

The present study carried out through the period from July till October 2019 to determine the seroprevalence of Toxocariasis in Kirkuk city population and report its relationship with some epidemiological factors. Questionnaire form is performed to record information about individuals under study. A blood samples of 200 cases are collected from individuals either playing football on a dirt field, people live in rural areas or in countrysides, in addition to students in schools and colleges; of both genders (male and female). Anti-Toxocara immunoglobulin G (IgG) is detected in serum of individuals included the study using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) technique. The total seroprevalence of Toxocariasis reported in the study is (8%). The infection is more prevalent in males (7%) than females (1%) with peak seroprevalence (28.1%) determined within the age group 5-12 years. In primary school the highest seroprevalence (11.66%) is determined. Toxocariasis is more prevalent in rural areas (10.22%) than in urban areas (6.25%).

The common endocrine disorder in women is that Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) specially in reproductive age. The study included 60 women suffer from the PCOS attending the obstetrics and gynecology unit in Kirkuk General Hospital, ages ranged from 18 to 42 years old. Also, the study included 30 non PCOS women as a control group. To assess the effect of Vitamin D in women suffering from polycystic ovarian syndrome. Serum Vitamin D was evaluated using Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique. The study reported that 58.3% of PCOS women enrolled in this study were within the age group 16- 25year. The study reported that the BMI of PCOS women was (mean 30.98 ± 4.02) Kg/cm2, whereas (22.77±2.52) Kg/cm2 of the control group (P: 0.0004). A significant difference recorded in the study in the Vitamin D levels in Polycystic overian syndrom women compared to the healthy group (mean 18.69±5.11 25.99±5.70).

The experiment was designed to determine the protective role of Brassica nigra seed extract on Kidney function and tissue against the negative effects induced by the drug Captopril (CPT25 and CPT50).
In this experiment, 30 animals (Rats male) were used. Kidney efficiency was measured by measuring The level of urea and creatinine and level of Glutathion (GSH), Malondialdehyde (MDA) and Superoxide dismutase (SOD) in kidney tissue, as well as studying the histological effects of the drug Captopril (CPT25 and CPT50). against ،Kidney tissue and the protective role of Brassica nigra seed extract . The results showed that the treatment of animals with drug Captopril (CPT25 and CPT50) at a dose of 1.9 and 3.8 mg / kg bw for 30 days led to a significant increase in The level of urea, creatinine, (MDA), (SOD) and decrease in The level of (GSH).
The treatment of animals with drug Captopril (CPT25 and CPT50) has shown Effected on kidney tissues cases the infiltration and inflammatory of inflammatory cells between the urinary tubules, the presence of hemorrhage within the kidney tissue and the renal glomeruli, and cellular degeneration of some cells of the urinary tubules. Brassica nigra seed extract improves most of the negative effects caused by drug Captopril (CPT25 and CPT50).
The aim of this study is to investigate the negative effects of captopril on kidney tissues, and to identify the protective role of Brassica nigra seed extract against the negative effected of captopril on some biochemical and histological parameters.
The conclusion from this study is that the drug Captopril showed an effected on the kidneys of the experimental animals, represented by the emergence of tissue lesions in the organ tissues, and through the results of the results, the protective effected of Brassica nigra seed extract against the effects of captopril was identified.

This study aimed to isolate and diagnose the bacterial pathogens that causes pneumonia in sheep, study the biochemical and histopathological changes in lung tissue of infected animals and determining the most effective types of antibiotics for treating sheep diseased with pneumonia. 150 samples (50 nasal swabs, 50 tracheal samples, 50 lungs samples from slaughtered sheep) were collected randomly from different areas of Salah Aldeen governorate during the period (September 2019 till January 2020) .
The results showed that no significant differences in the values between positive and negative results from nasal, tracheal and infected lungs at a probability level P< 0.05. And showed that Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumonia are two main bacterial causes of pneumonia in sheep .
In macroscopic examination the prominent lesion in most lung samples was congestion and presence of emphysema with an expansion of the bronchitis and found that the most common type of pneumonia infection is broncho pneumonia.
All the isolated bacterial species; however, show sensitivity to the antibiotics chloramphenicol and trimethoprim + sulfamethoxazole except Pasteurella Spp., that it shows resistance to trimethoprim+ sulfamethoxazole.

Aim :This study to investigate the protective effect of Ficus carica leaves extract against the effect of paracetamol.
Material and methods:In the present study used (40) male rats (Rattus norvegicus) (2.5-3) months old, weighting (200-250)g were randomly divided into (4) groups of (10 rats/group). The first group (control group), the second group (paracetamol group), the third group (Fc leaves extract group), the fourth group (Fc leaves extract + paracetamol group) . the first group were given (0.5 ml) distilled water, the second group were given paracetamol with dosage (1000 mg/kg) , the third group were given alcoholic extract of F. carica leaves by dosage (250 mg /kg ), the fourth group were given paracetamol by dosage (1000 mg /kg) and after two hours given (250 mg /kg) alcoholic extract of F. carica leaves, all groups were treated with doses between day and another for six weeks.
Results:The results of the present study showed a significant decrease (P<0.05) to the relative weight of the testicles , the head and tail of the epididymis, the seminal vesicles of male rats in the paracetamol group compared with the control group and Fc leaves extract group, while showed treated by alcoholic extract of F. carica leaves after paracetamol an improvement in the relative weight of the testicles , the head and tail of the epididymis , the seminal vesicles in Fc leaves extract group and Fc leaves extract + paracetamol compared with paracetmol and control group. For the histopathological study showed occurrence histopathological changes of paracetamol drug , represented as complete stop of spermatogenesis, atrophy and hypoplasia of leydig cells, congestion of blood vessels, pyknosis of nucleus of primary spermatogonia, hemorrhage between seminferous tubules, tunca albugenia and exfoliation of seminferous tubules as cellular debris.
Conclusions: The paracetamol led to pathological changes in the tissues of male rat testes. It was represented by a complete cessation of spermatogenesis and a loss of the developmental stages of this process,while The alcoholic extract of F. carica leaves had protective effect against the influence of paracetamol.

Cutaneous leishmaniasis, is common parasitic disease in Iraq, it is caused by unicellular protozoa that belong to the genus Leishmania which infecting human macrophages, and it is induce human humoral and cellular immune responses. Many cytokines are excreted during this response, however IFN -γ and TNF -α are the most important factors in the inception of immunity against leishmania spp. The present study aimed to estimate the serum level of TNF-α and IFN-Ƴ in patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Out of 62 patients with CL lesion the infection rate was higher in males 36 (58%) than females 26 (42%), also the highest infection rate 29 (46.8%) was in age group (less than 1 -10years), and the lowest infection rate 18 (2.4%) was in the age group (51-60). Blood samples collected from 62 patients with CL and 27 healthy individual. The results showed that the level of serum IFN-Y (38.23 pg/mL) in patients with CL was significantly higher than control group (21.98 pg/mL). As well as the results indicated a significantly increase in the levels of TNF-α in patients serum with CL (46.53 pg / mL) than control group (23 pg / ml).

Amylase is an enzyme which is secreted from pancreas, and salivary glands (α-Amylase EC3.2.1.1), there is a small amount of this enzyme presents in the blood ranging between 100–300 I.U/L, when this percentage in the blood would increase,it means that the above organs are ill. The study included apartial purification of this enzyme from the blood of diabetic patients using gel, filtration, dialysis, and sephadex G100 gel, the single beak was obtained in the fourth part of purification and the degree of purification reached 16.1 with an enzymatic outcome of 108.2% and specific activity was 0.189ng/mg. The kinetic study of the purified enzyme appeared an optimum concentration of the substrate of 10 ng / mg,the Km was 5.55 ng , maximum acivity Vmax, was 0.98ng / ml,the optimum temp. was (37C°) and the opt. pH was 7.5.

Transport Modeling and Leaching Kinetics in Groundwater of Shiwashok Oil field, Kurdistan Region, Iraq

Solar distillation is a simple, cheap technique for obtaining safe water where either solar radiation or heat is required as a source of energy for evaporation and condensation, in this research a solar distilled form of local materials with one basin and two miles, and the examination and measurement was conducted in the Door- Salahaddin area along a longline (43.798°) and latitude (34.46°), east of the Tigris River, the characteristics of the factory distilled and the heat transfer process were studied. The following results were obtained in March, the high temperature of water and glass over time, and the increase in efficiency over time to reach the highest efficiency by 40%. Distilled is a good choice for saving water, cheap and practical.

In this research, some mechanical properties of epoxy compounds supported with natural materials such as grape seeds and peach nuclei were studied and prepared by the manual molding method by weight ratios (0, 0.11, 0.15, 0.19) %. The hardness test and the bending test were shown and laboratory results showed that whenever The strengthening ratio increased, the shore hardness increased for grapes and peaches. As for the bending resistance, we find the highest value for it at the weight ratio (0.11%) if its value reaches( 108.37N / mm2)for the carp and for peaches we find the highest value at (87.87N/mm2).

The ZnO/ZnS/ CNTS solar cell was studied using SCAPS-1D simulation. The cell efficiency was 9.38% and to improve the cell a back reflection layer (BSL) was added, so the conversion efficiency increased to 10.65% and we entered buffer layers, thus the cell structure became ZnO / Buffer / CNTS the conversion efficiency increased to 10.78%. It turns out that the effect of the buffer layer is greater than the reflection layer. The best cell was ZnO/CdS/CNTS/Cu2O and the conversion efficiency was 12.09%, fill factor 62.98%, short circuit current 20.01 mA/cm2 finally open circuit voltage 0.95V.

In this research, the pulse laser deposition method was used by the PLD Nd:YAG wavelength laser nm1064λ = to precipitate thin films of pure zinc oxide and tin-like oxide with different weight ratios (0.2 , 0.4)kg were deposited on glass bases in order to study the effect of annealing at a degree 573k and deformation of some physical properties of zinc nanoparticle oxide films. X-ray diffraction measurements of pure and tainted oxide films of different proportions (0.2, 0.4)kg in tin indicated that these films possess a multi-crystal line structure, of hexagonal type. The topographical properties of the prepared membrane surfaces were studied using the Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) and showed that the ZnO membrane has a smooth and uniform surface in composition.
The results of the optical properties also showed a sharp increase in the optical transmittance spectrum until it reaches 90% after annealing, and the deformation reduces the optical transmittance. It also found that the optical energy gap of the ZnO membrane (3.2)eV (before annealing and 3.3eV)) after annealing and the energy gap decreased with increasing mixing ratios.

The current research presented the value of the lowest state energy for (GaMn)As/GaAs Quantum Well by using the Schrodinger equation and the localization landscape method, and a comparison between the quantum confinement potential and the wavefunction localization of both the landscape method and the Schrödinger method, a great match was found between the two methods, where the Landscape method 0.1% greater than Schrodinger method. From the Hamiltonian function analysis, it was found that the quantum eigenvalues in the discrete wells interact only when the corresponding eigenvalues are close to each other. Localization appears clearly in the sub-regions of quantum well, so, we prove damping in quantum wells, especially near the boundaries of the well. The effective quantum potential W was determined.

In this paper a simulation study was conducted to improve the properties of the cell with a glass / ITO / CdS / Sb2Se3 / Au) using SCAPS-1D program and practically manufactured.To find out the credibility of the program, a simulation of the practical model was performed and we found that there is a very large match between the practical and theoretical results.Initially a back surface layer (BSL) was added to the base cell (CuO, CuI, CuSCN, PEDOT: PSS, MOSe2) and it was found that the best layer that gave good results is (CuO),where Conversion efficiency value (16.02%). Then buffer layers (CdS) was replaced by other Electron transport layer (ZnO, ZnO: Al, TiO2, V2O5, CdO). It was found that the best layer gave good results is (V2O5), where the conversion efficiency was increased from (4.78%) to (15.06%) for the enhanced cell. The other step was the selection of the best back surface layer with the best buffer layer, and thus the conversion efficiency was increased to (19.48%) for the composition cell (glass / ITO / V2O5 / Sb2Se3 / CuO / Au). Then a second buffer layer was added and the effect of the solar cell output was studied

Block encryption algorithms rely on the two most important features of their complexity and ease of use to support security requirements (confidentiality, data integrity, and non-repudiation) to prevent unauthorized users from entering the system and tampering with centralized data, disrupting it or disclosing it. The data encryption and decryption process is done using the (Serpent) algorithm, which is one of the most important of these operations. AES Algorithm Proposals. In this paper, a new proposal is presented to improve and support the confidentiality of data while adhering to the external structure of the standard algorithm, relying on designing a new approach to the key generation function because the sobriety of block cipher relies on the use of a strong and unique key. Where several functions were used (Gost external structure) with a combination of (Shift <<<), (AES -Key Schedule), (MD5)). The results of the proposed method were examined using statistical measures, yielding good results, and overcoming the weakness of the key generation function of the original algorithm, in addition to enhancing the most important cryptographic features “confusion”, “diffusion” and “increased randomness

The current study aims to construct a mathematical models in order to assist the researchers to determine the specific activities of radionuclides in soil samples where we found
a relationship between uranium element and radionuclide activities. A summary study was conducted to measure the concentration of radon activity in lung cancer cases per 100 000 people by year and a summary study to measure the concentration of radon activity and effective exposure to absorption using the graph theory is presented as well. The proposed our determined values have shown conformity with the experimental data of other researchers

In the current study the researchers have been introduced a modern kind of soft separation axioms which is named i-soft separation axioms by using the concept of soft i-open sets [17] in soft topological spaces, the relations among i-soft separation axioms and many examples about it are investigated. Further, they found that soft separation axioms imply i-soft separation axioms, but, the converses may not be true. Also, many theorems have been proved which are clarified the properties of i-soft separation axioms.