Al-Iraqia Journal for Scientific Engineering Research

Face recognition (FR) is one of the most significant types of research that are widely used in various areas, such as finance, preventing crime, protecting the border, and for military purposes. Face recognition is a biometric identification technology based on human facial feature information. There are two main approaches first one is hand-crafted (HC) features which is the traditional method (geometry-based, holistic, feature based, and hybrid methods), and the recent one is based on deep learning (DL). The major purpose of this work to provide UpToDate literature review for face recognition (FR) Techniques. Furthermore, it summarizes the benchmark datasets and the most successful methods used on these datasets for face recognition.

In order to solve one of the most important problems, especially in a large and crowded city like Baghdad, is finding an empty and secure car parking space. In this work, an intelligent Smart Parking System (ISPS) has been investigated and developed by providing information about the empty lots and helping the driver to get to his parking spot with a rotary parking system to reduce thetraffic in the parking area. The ISPS Park implements a car number plate recognition system as a security system for car identification.Moreover, for increased security, a fence with a Fiber-Optic vibration system has also been used to prevent any object from entering a parking space without a license. The ISPS was run with the pre-programmed controller to make minimum human involvement in the parking system to ensure access control in restricted places. Matlab with Arduino tools has been used for the car plate number recognition process and car entering control. The system shows that using RFID for entering and leaving is so fast and informative. A Fiber SenSys program has been used with the Alarm Processing Unit (APU) to prevent any unlicensed person from trying to cut, climb or crawl under a fence

Concrete is one of the most widely used building materials in the world. However, one of the undesirable properties of concrete as a brittle material is its low tensile strength and ability to flex. This brittle behavior leads to sudden failure without warning. Therefore it requires reinforcement in order to be used as a building material on a large scale, this reinforcement is in the form of continuous steel bars that are placed in the concrete structure at the appropriate locations to withstand the imposed tensileand shear stresses. On the other hand, they are generally short, discontinuous, andrandomly distributed throughout the concrete member to produce a composite building material known as FRC. From this point of view, this review came to clarify the practical benefit of using this technology to inform researchers and workers in the construction sector about it and to provide modern sources for those wishing to conduct more research in the field of strengthening the mechanical properties of concretein addition to the benefits of using steel fibers in improving the bending and shearing of concrete beams

Chest X-ray radiographic (CXR) imaging facilitates the early and precise diagnosis of lung disease. Combining CXR imaging with CNN and other artificial intelligence tools can expedite the diagnosis process. Because there are only a small number of clinical images that have been categorized, the most difficult challenge to overcome before these images can be reliably used in disease progression diagnosis is the automated classification of these images as positive or negative cases. A deep-learning approach was proposed to classify lung diseases on CXR images using a transfer learning technique based on the EfficientNetV2 model as thebackbone to boost computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) performance reliability and efficiency. The proposed model is trained and tested on the two classifications, normal and pneumonia, based on images from three publicly available chest X-ray datasets. Using the curated dataset of posteroanterior (PA) chest view radiography images, the implemented model achieves an outstanding performance on the tested data represented by an average accuracy of 99.92%. Consequently, it outperforms the most recent classification techniques de-scribed in the literature

For high step-ratio connectivity in direct current (DC) grid applications, a modular (DC-DC) converter (MDCC) has been proposed. To improve the performance of the MDCC, this paper discusses a trapezoidal current modulation (TCM). Com-paring with stepped 2-level modulation where the sub-module (SM) capacitor voltagesare balanced with a feedback control loop, TCM ensures the voltage balancing by applying an equal duty cycle for each SM in the high voltage stack with-out any additional feedback control. Three-level operation mode featured with large power transmission and high efficiencyconversion, based on circulating current analysis and soft-switching performance is introduced. The control schemes of this operation mode is designed to minimize both the SM capacitorvoltage ripples and the peak current. An analytical simulation of the MDCC is presented using MATLAB/SIMULINK to explain the operation and discuss the results

Today, Internet of Things (IoT) plays an important role in emerging industries. Due to that, it is considered as a major focus for research in academic and industrial fields in recent years. The Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) is an assembly of industrial automation, control systems, and Internet of Things (IoT) systems. The broad goals of IIoT canincrease work efficiency and productivity, improving asset management through product customization, intelligent monitoring of production applications, and preventive and predictive maintenance of industrial equipment. This article provides a comprehensive list of up-to-date researches carried to transform conventional manufacturers into smart manufacturers by focusing on the two-dimensional dominant key enabling technologies, IIoT and Artificial Intelligence (AI). An IIoT-based generic hieratical architecture is proposed for a smart manufacturer to handle different manufacturer tasks and communication protocols. In addition, current industrial maintenance goals and strategies with major application domains in the transformation to industry 4.0 are carried ou

According to a high gap between the bounded developments in disk scheduling algorithms in contrast to processor speed and memory capacity developments, so successive improving disk scheduling algorithms is almost needed to reduce the overall time consumingof system performance. To enhance both traditional SCAN and C-SCAN algorithms is the goal of this research, so, rather than the best Seek-Time obtained from traditional (SCAN and C-SCAN) algorithms, the idea behind this proposal \"Pre-Reset the R/W Head to Zero Track in SCAN and C-SCAN Disk Scheduling Algorithm\" is to enhance the traditional algorithms and gaining the optimal performance time by having the optimal Seek-Time.It is worthily mentioned that the evaluation of the performance of the new strategy in this algorithm was tested by scientific criteria to ensure gaining the optimal algorithm compering with the traditional strategy

As optical communication system deployment is expensive, and reconfiguration is occasionally impossible or costly,system experiments and simulations have become necessary for predicting and optimizing system performance. OptiSystem is a cutting-edge optical communication simulation tool for designing, testing, and optimizing nearlyany kind of optical connection in the physical layer of a wide range of optical systems. This paper proposed single-mode fiber as a transmitting medium for encrypted data. We examined a Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing (DWDM) system with eight channels operating at 10 Gbps. A large capacity 80 Gbps system with a frequency range of 193.1 THz–193.8 THz and a Non-Return to Zero (NRZ) modulation format is analyzed in the proposed design. The results show that the proposed scheme can effectively transmit secure data based on new chaotic systems. MATLAB is used to implement the encryption and decryption processes, whereas some statistical analysis and OptiSystem 7 are used to assess the signal transmission in optical fibers. The performance of the proposed systemis evaluated in terms of Quality Factor(Q-factor), Bit Error Rate (BER) and eye .diagram. It is observed that by varying the input power from -15 dBm to 15 dBmwith step of 5 dBm, a low BER with a high Q-factor has the best values at 5 dBm of input signal power , where the maximum Q-factor is 42.2797, and the minimum BER of 0 is obtained for 100 km of optical fiber length. A slightly degradationin system performance was abserved with increasing of fiber length from 50 km to 125 km

Today most of our devices connected with Internet to assistanceusto improveour decisions. The number of people are using wireless and Internet networks increased day by day, which this increased improved the encryption mechanisms for devices and protect user data transfer over an unsecured network. Due to the limited resources for most portable devices, the concept of ubiquitous computing presents must be working terms of security, which containsConfidentiality, Integrity, Authentication, and non-repudiation. In comparison to energy-efficient with cryptography the conventional approaches are expensive and complicated and high-power consumption. The design of lightweight cryptography has solved big number of problem for hardware implementation with the conventional cryptography. In this paper, performance and efficiency depend of architectures review for lightweight block cipher algorithm base of FPGA designand implementation

The network has various issues as a consequence of increased network traffic as a result of employing packet switching instead of
circuit switching, which has a constant data rate, a large number of connected devices, and advancement of application services
(download, upload, streaming, you tube, etc.). Efficiency resource management entails not only defining the present network design
and technology, but also preparing for 5G. There is a link between the mobile business and the internet; how can LTE reach
everything, and how many bytes/months of internet because there are so many applications, such as "immersive multimedia
experience," that require high data rates and low latency. Many technologies, such as multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO),
software-defined networking (SDN), edge computing, network functions virtualization (NFV), millimeter-wave, and others, have been
proposed to address some of 5G's issues. This research, based on the magazine "The international journal of intelligent engineering
and systems," focuses on resource allocation difficulties in 5G core networks and radio access networks. It is this that has prompted us
to look at the most efficient way to manage the resources of fifth-generation mobile networks

In particular, in order to have the best possible understanding of the effects that program-able networking has, carry out a low cost analysis of both the (software define network) system and the (multiple protocol layer switching) system. This will give you the possible understanding of the effects that program-able networking has on the economics of a network in comparison to traditional networking, which is also known as MPLS technology. This is done so that a better understanding of the effects that program-able networking, also known as software-defined networking (SDN), technology has on the economics of a network can be gained. Conducting a quantitative investigation using an activity-based methodology to compute the (capital expenditure) and (operation expenditure) costs associated with a network was the first step in achieving this objective. This investigation was carried out. Second, in order to compare the aforementioned architectures in terms of their financial performances, we used the USC Scalability metric in addition to the Cost-to-Service metric. Both of these metrics were used. These models include (centralized control plane), (distributed control plane), and (hierarchical control plane). This was done in order to obtain the possible understanding of the different SDN plane systems that are currently in use. The separation of control plane and data plane that is achieved through the implementation of software-defined networking (SDN) makes it possible to program networks. Because of this separation, network operators and administrators are now in a position to make better use of the network\'s resources and have an easier time provisioning those resources when compared to the situation before the separation took place.