Journal of Tikrit University for Humanities

Writers of literary texts rely on multiple linguistic methods and structures, explicitly or implicitly, to reveal their ideas. This study tends to uncover the discursive strategies employed in Stockett’s The Help from a Critical Discourse Analysis perspective. The current study aims to: 1) Showing the discursive strategies in the novel under study. 2) Pinpointing the discursive strategies employed in revealing ideologies in the novel under investigation. 3) Finding out the discursive strategies used in revealing social power in the novel under study.
A number of texts that contain various discursive strategies have been selected for analysis. To fulfill the above aims, the study hypothesizes that: 1) certain discursive strategies are used in the novel under investigation, 2) in terms of the discursive strategies used in the novel under study, some are resorted to more than others, and 3) some ideologies and social power are more commonly revealed than others by way of certain discursive strategies. The novel is analyzed discursively within Fairclough's approach (2001).The most important conclusions, the study has come up are: 1) the discursive strategies employed in the novel under investigation are: presupposition, intertextuality and speech acts, 2) the most commonly discursive strategy by which ideologies are revealed in the novel is intertextuality

Former President Donald Trump is one of the most political figures to join the United States presidential election. He was known for his use of warning and threatening phrases. In the broader domain of verbal expression in speech, intonation’s function goes beyond the speaker’s level of phrases or sentences. A speaker forms an utterance taking into consideration that it is performed through an expression’s communicative force. In this analysis, a descriptive qualitative methodology is employed to achieve the objectives of the study. The selected speeches are analyzed following Speech Act Theory (SAT) and Brazil’s model to understand the intended meaning of the words. Other researchers in this field of phonology and pragmatics will benefit from this analysis because it clarifies the role of commissive acts and intonation in political speeches. The findings of this study substantiate the importance of Brazil’s model in analyzing tones pragmatically. SAT was utilized to critically evaluate the effectiveness of verbal communication in conveying the speaker’s intention. Based on the study results, it is evident that commissive acts, particularly threats and warning, are present in the three speeches expressed in an indirect illocutionary front.

This paper tackles specifically the influence of the linguistic interference phenomena of the first language, Arabic, on the Iraqi EFL learners' writings. English nominal clauses have been considered and any phonological and semantic interferences have been excluded. Randomly, 50 subjects from students of the Department of English, University of Mosul, have been chosen. It has been hypothesized that the phenomenon of interference does exist heavily in students' writings and at all grammatical levels. The study is limited to the analysis of students' writings. The study aims at standing on linguistic interference phenomenon of the first language on the foreign language syntactic structure specially on students' writings. Actually, it tries to identify the differences and/or the similarities of both languages. It tries to specify the students' awareness of the syntactic structures and to lessen the errors committed. The analysis depends on the syntactic order of SVO concerning the written sentences following Quirk et al model (1985). The study will increase the students' knowledge of the syntactic structures of both languages in order to overcome any difficulty raised in the learning /teaching contexts.

In translating a certain text, one has to be well aware of the importance of sound translation of punctuation marks due to their critical role in the translation product. Appropriate use of punctuation marks in the SL should be reflected likewise in the TL. Meaning is often guided by these marks. In this research, an attempt is made to shed light on some aspects related to these marks, their numbers and how they are translated from English into Arabic. Besides, this research focuses on the relationship between these marks and the concept of visual metadiscourse and how they are translated from the metadiscourse point of view. In the present research, ten texts translated from English / Arabic are checked against Newmark's (1988) model of punctuation which is adopted in this research. The objective is to see how accurate, clear and natural the translations are. The research at hand investigates the semantic as well as pragmatic role played by punctuation marks and how that is reflected on translation concluding that much more attention should be paid to the translation of punctuation marks.

Declaratives are those speech acts that brings changes to the world via uttering them. They are judged by certain pragmatic criteria and determined by certain conditions to be taken as genuine acts. Thus, their specification raises problematic area as not all declarative utterances serve out performatively. The specificity of pragmatic conditions of declaratives lead to another problem in that affecting the same immediate change would not similarly be attributed in two different languages. Therefore, declaratives pose difficulties for translators in categorizing them and affecting immediate change. Accordingly, it aims at: 1)setting some felicity conditions for determining whether the specified declarative expressions serve out performatively. 2)Examining whether English declaratives are perceived performatively in Arabic and vice versa. 3- providing some remedies for mistranslated declaratives. The objective of study is confined to a number of declaratives selected from dialogues, comments, and debates of English and Arabic Channels ( e.g. Al-Jazeera TV and BBC). The result of the study shows that declaratives are performatively influenced by contextual nature. From functional perspective, the perception of English declarative acts are different from the Arabic ones and vice versa. The most accurate rendering of declaratives is based on the correspondence between perception and immediate illocutionary affects.

This research aims at finding whether the scaffolding strategy can improve the students’ speaking ability. The problem highlighted in this research is the students' low level of speaking in English language. The scaffolding Strategy can improve Students' motivation to control English language. There are many ways that can be used to develop the speaking skill, among these ways are games, group work and many other ways.
Through using this strategy students can be motivated to join the lesson, so they will take effective part of the lesson. Without using this strategy students are unable to achieve their aims. The teacher has to use this strategy for the benefit of himself and his students. Students of English as foreign language may face many problems that cannot be solved without the teachers help.