Turath AL-Hillah

The study of cities is one of the important topics in modern history, including social, economic, political and even religious activities. Its existence derives from the determinants of its genesis and formation, its participation and its support for the history of human civilization.
The city of Kifl occupies a fertile historical content and historical events deep in the footsteps, as it is the city of the prophets and their dwelling, and between its alleys they lived and moved, and next to it is the Al-Nakhila Mosque, which was built by the Prophet of Allah Ibrahim Al-Khalil, peace be upon him, and then Imam Ali bin Abi Talib (PBUH) honored it by erecting a shrine for his prayers. And a starting point for his army in its fight against Muawiyah in the Battle of Siffin in the year 37 AH. Then the Mongolian Sultan Öljaitü Mohammed Khodabanda came to rebuild what Imam Ali (PBUH) had established in the Nukhaila Mosque.
Although researchers wrote about the history and events of the city in its modern and contemporary history, they unintentionally overlooked this cultural and historical landmark that dates this city.

A number of valuable manuscripts from the heritage of
Al-Hilla, numbering about fifteen handwritten copies in more than one field, were found in the manuscripts of the Imam Hassan (PBUH) public library located in the city of Najaf (the library of the scholar Sheikh Baqir Sharif Al-Qurashi).The cataloger sorted it while cataloging the manuscripts in the said library; For the purpose of publishing and introducing it within a comprehensive descriptive index in which the handwritten copies were arranged In alphabetical order, with the definition of each copy.
The purpose of publishing this heritage is to introduce the linear heritage Which was written by the gurus of scholars from the famous Hawza of Al-Hilla Al-Fayhaa, and to present this human heritage to its disciples and those in need of researchers, writers and those interested in this feat of heritage.

 

This research studied the most prominent political events and developments that the city of Hilla experienced in the era of Fakhr Al-Muhaqiqin (682-771 A.H) and the negative or positive repercussions of these developments on the reality of the scientific and intellectual movement in the city of Hilla during that period.
The research divided into an introduction, three sections and a conclusion. The first section served as a historical introduction to Hilla Scientific School, and introduced the personality and life of Sheikh Fakhr Al-Muhaqiqin, while the second section studied the most prominent conditions and public events that the city of Hilla experienced in the era of Fakhr Al-Muhaqiqin, and what accompanied those events from effect on the city and its inhabitants, The third section showed the impact and reflection of the general events and developments in the city on its scientific school, and on the scientific and intellectual movement in the city, whether in its positive or negative aspects.The research ended with a conclusion showing the most prominent conclusions reached by the research

The issue of the Resurrection occupies a place in human thought, which necessitated a multiplicity of opinions about it due to its importance, and since the reality of the Resurrection and the consequences of punishment in the system of divine justice are closely related to the reality of the human soul, the researcher discussed the opinions on the reality of the soul, and whether it is immortal or transient, And it is central to the diversity of views of the resurrected.
The researcher dealt with the views of the ancient philosophers about it, So Socrates went to its immortality, and therefore he recommanded to refinement, as Plato saw in its immortality, and that it had a previous life before it attachment to the body, and from it the interest of their philosophers in the soul and its purity to return to its pureness on the day of the return, and the interest of the philosophers of Islam exceeded them. We see Al-Farabi who said that it is immortal, but that he denies the existence of any force in it that accepts corruption and annihilation , This is Avicenna who goes to the spiritual return, and his criticism of those who go to the physical return only. As for Al-allama Al-Hilli, he explained the boundaries of the soul, and that it is the first perfection of a natural, mechanical body with life by force, detailing the vocabulary of this definition, and dealing with the possibilities of the self’s advancement and its occurrence, and he proved that The soul is an essence that is abstracted from matter with various evidences, and it goes to the spiritual and physical antithesis, And that the reality of reward in the system of divine justice is reward and punishment and is evident through pleasure and pain, and that it is one of the psychological qualities, and that there are impediments to punishment, including divine pardon, repentance and intercession.

The land of Babylon, or the city of Hilla, are two names of one city, on whose land the first and most famous civilizations grew.Which was mentioned in the Holy Quran. It currently extends between latitudes (32.7-33.8) and longitudes (43.42-45.50) to the east, bordered by Wasit Governorate to the east, the holy Karbala and Anbar governorates to the west, and Baghdad to the north, to the south the two governorates of Al-Najaf Al-Ashraf and Al-Qadisiyah.
As for Hilla, it is Hillat Banu Mazyad, which is only a few miles south of the ruins of the city of Babylon. It is appropriate to mention here that the founder of the Mazyadi emirate, Prince Dubays bin Mazyad Al-Asadi, was one of the great leaders who enjoyed great respect among the common Iraqis, and its influence expanded to include areas A vast area of the coasts of the Arabian Gulf, and many cities in western Iraq, such as Anah and Tikrit, were under its control.
Al-Matraqi depicted for us various buildings in the city of Hilla that were dominated by a military, administrative, service and religious character, such as walls, castles, bridges, mosques, shrines and schools. In this research, we will shed light on the military architecture and fortifications of the city during the tenth century A.H.
Keywords: Hilla, Mazyadi emirate, Babylon castle, Bab Al-Sultan castle

 

Personalities and scholars have emerged in the Islamic nation who have decorated their history in the most splendid manner because of their unique scientific gift that left a clear impact of the explicit embodiment of the Prophetic message and the Shiite approach, where we find a number of advice, instructions and clarification of the right path, but rather an approach to the behavior of the straight path But it is unfortunate that no one paid these individuals attention to the extent of what they offered to humanity in general, and to Islam in particular, and to the doctrine of Ahl al-Bayt in particular.
From this point of view, we found it necessary for us, out of loyalty to them, to shed even a little light on one of these bright personalities in the sky of the state in an academic research characterized by objectivity and accuracy, according to the researcher's vision.. And our choice was on this scientific personality in order to highlight its most important opinions in the ideological aspect and the educational curriculum, through their interest in the spiritual nourishment of their children, and from here the search for this scientific personality came under the title ((The Verbal Opinions of Ibn Tawus in his book Kashf Al-Mahajah lethamrat Al-Mahja)). And we tried through it to highlight the author and the author, to provoke a beginning to include our scholars in the subject of research in the academic curriculum, as what they presented is more important than many of those who search for them and write about them.
The method of our research was limited to the theological method and the mechanism of research in it, so its paragraphs were in harmony with the principles of religion in our Imami school, starting with monotheism and ending with the return and the unseen. We presented the research in a very brief way for the purpose of understanding as wide as possible of the topics, so we started with a simple introductory introduction about the scholar Ibn Tawus and his book (Thamrat Al-Mahja) for the purpose of guiding the reader to the most important sources that he can review for more information. And let our research be devoted to opinions and not a description of a book or an author and we move away from the main topic that the research tried to shed thought on. Then we presented five demands on the most prominent theological opinions mentioned, and we began to research the legitimacy of theology as a first demand, and we came to the issues of monotheism in the second requirement, while the third demand centered on prophecy, while the fourth demand was about the Imamate, and finally we concluded the demands of resurrection.

The Personality of Sayyida Zainab (PBUH) has an ideological and heritage weight, which made her possess large areas of poetry, ancient and modern, and since poetry in general depends on the performance of poets in drawing the features of what they observe from poetic images, this attempt came to find out that performance, dealing with the image of Sayyida Zainab (PBUH) as a model for describing the methods of poetic photography, After exposure to the poetic image and performance, the conversation moved to the performative technique or revealed the concentration of the poet as a photographer, and then monitored the levels of his pictorial performance, whether they were from reality or referred to him as a sign, and what are the tools and means adopted in that performance to depict reality? This is what the research tried to discover to find out how the poets' figurative performance.

The textual thresholds are an ancient literary creation and modern critical themes in their research and procedural monitoring. They are ancient Arab poetry in its production and modern Western in its theoretical formation. Its intellectual framework was adopted by the French critic Gerard Genet more than sixty years agoAs for intertextuality, it is the artistic overlapping of literary cultures in borrowing some previous literature with its wording, its part, or its meaning, thus producing for us a new text in its content and texture.The critic Julia Kristeva adopted its theoretical rooting in thought and convention. We saw that the reference of borrowed literature in the new text is an important textual threshold in revealing the contents and visions and aiding analysis So we chose the Qur’anic intertextuality as a topic to know how to employ it first, and that the intertextual Qur’anic text in the construction of literature of all kinds is a textual reference in the aesthetic reading and its good reception. On the types of textual thresholds (intertextuality reference threshold).
Keywords: Threshold, Reference, Quranic Intertextuality, Adnan Al-Jazaery, The Sibyl's Cup.

The Martyr Sheikh Muhammad Al-Haider was one of the prominent religious and literary figures who had a good impact on the contemporary history of the city of Hilla.As he was a representative of the religious authority in this city in a difficult time when the believers in Iraq went through the darkest conditions and endured the injustice and aggression of the brutal Baathist authority, so his share of that injustice was the largest share, he was imprisoned and narrowed down, and he and his two sons and many of his relatives, students and contacts were martyred.
In appreciation of his merit, the researcher tried in these humble papers to shed light on the luminous aspects of his life, his religious and literary activity, and the circumstances he went through.
And Praise be to Allah, the Lord of the Worlds.