JOURNAL OF SPORT SCIENCES

One of the main objectives of the physical education lesson in the field of motor learning is to learn and develop basic skills for the prescribed games. The researcher applied complex skill exercises to first-stage students, numbering (159) students, with (10) students for each group, who were named according to the representative systems (auditory, visual, sensory). The study aimed to identify the effect of complex skill exercises for those with representative systems in learning some basic basketball skills and to identify the best group. The researcher assumed the existence of statistically significant differences between the pre- and post-tests in favor of the post-test and the existence of statistically significant differences in the post-tests between the three groups. In order to reach the best results by following methods that take into account individual differences among learners and solve their problems, the importance of the research in preparing complex skill exercises according to the representative systems to learn basic basketball skills came from our belief in the necessity of making a modest effort for the purpose of advancing this beautiful game in our dear country.

This study aimed to reveal the effectiveness of training programs for physical education teachers during service. To achieve this goal, the study tool was constructed, which was a questionnaire, consisting of (28) paragraphs in its final form. After verifying its validity and reliability, it was applied to a random sample of (78) male and female physical education teachers in Ajloun Governorate in Jordan. After applying the study tool to the sample members, the data were entered into (SPSS) programs in preparation for analysis. The results revealed that the effectiveness of training programs for physical education teachers during service was average in all areas and the tool as a whole. On the other hand, the results revealed the absence of statistically significant differences attributable to the variables of gender, number of training courses, and academic qualification. In light of the previous results, the researcher recommended the necessity of planning training programs in light of the actual needs of physical education teachers, and the necessity of including the evaluation process for the skills acquired from these programs. He also recommended the necessity of conducting more studies on this topic through application on segments to identify the reality of training physical education teachers during service.

The researchers addressed the role of administrative leadership in building educational institutions by developing leadership skills in specialized courses capable of supporting and sustaining the work of these institutions with leaders who have the ability to use and invest human and financial resources according to the best international standards, including the comprehensive quality system, and in a way that achieves the goals of these institutions. This is the reason for the success of developed countries, as they have allocated centers, institutes, and postgraduate studies to develop leadership and administrative work. As for the research problem, it crystallized through the researchers' experience in leadership work, as they noticed that there is a weakness in the leadership and administrative skills of the teaching staff, and this is due to the inability of the Training and Continuous Development Center at the University of Diyala to develop those skills. As for the aim of the research, it is to identify the role of the Training and Continuous Development Center at the University of Diyala in developing teaching staff in leadership and administrative work. In the second chapter, the researchers discussed the community and the research sample represented by the teaching staff at the University of Diyala, as they were chosen intentionally. As for the means of collecting information and data, the training manuals of the center at the University of Diyala were adopted, and the data were unloaded and processed statistically. The third chapter dealt with the presentation, analysis and discussion of the results. As for the conclusion, the researchers explained the results, which are the center’s inability to develop leadership skills due to the small number of participants, as well as the cancellation of courses due to the lack of quorum. As for the recommendations, they emphasized the establishment of a center for training and developing leadership and administrative work in every university, and that these courses be mandatory for the purposes of promotion and advancement, which makes demand for them continuous.

There is a consensus among many scholars and researchers that modern communication technology, most notably the "Internet", has opened a new era of communication and interaction between people and in the abundance of information and knowledge it provides to its users. Everything in this life has its positives and negatives. One of the most important features of the Internet is that it has become essential in the lives of peoples, as it is a spread of culture and knowledge and through it we learn experience in the arts of life. The Internet is not only a development of digital technology, but it is a scientific, intellectual and social development and is primarily responsible for the huge leap in science and knowledge, social relations and the field of communications. It has helped create relationships between students through chat sites that have brought together the individual base of friends, place and time, helping to spread different cultures and languages. Students have been able to benefit from the Internet in all fields in every new skill that is useful to them. However, the Internet had negative effects on students, the most important of which are: Internet addiction and social isolation. The study sample was students of the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, University of Diyala, fourth stage, and their number was (274). The researcher used two scales, the first is the Internet addiction scale, and the second is the psychological and social compatibility scale. The conclusions of the study were that the percentage of Internet addicted students was (41%), and non-Internet addicts was (25%). The recommendations were to hold training programs for fourth stage students at the University of Diyala with the aim of educating students about the negative consequences of excessive Internet use and helping them increase their effectiveness in real life.

The aim of the research is to evaluate the performance of some physical abilities of Diyala Handball Club juniors (2015-2016). The researcher mentioned in the introduction the importance of handball and the importance of evaluating performance in order to know the physical level and what the team members have reached and the extent of benefit from the training units that were applied to the sample, which consisted of 24 junior players. The researcher used the descriptive approach and the research sample was homogeneous through height, weight, chronological age and training age. The physical abilities and their tests were determined by presenting questionnaires to some experts, where the physical abilities (agility, speed, endurance, explosive strength) were determined. On 5/10/2016, the researcher conducted the exploratory experiment, while the main experiment was conducted on 5/10/2016. The researcher used the statistical package (SPSS) to extract the results, then he set criteria for evaluating the performance and concluded that the sample was at an average level or above in physical abilities, which indicates that the team has benefited from the applied training units. The researcher recommends evaluating the team's performance to know the general level.

Futsal is one of the popular games that has recently spread worldwide. It is considered one of the enjoyable team games that require physical and skill specifications and is an ideal introduction to learning open-field football techniques. The aim of the research is to identify the effect of skill exercises enhanced by feedback using visual models in developing the skills of rolling and scoring in futsal for the intermediate stage. The researcher used the experimental method in the style of two equal groups (experimental, control) with (15) students for each group, through which the researcher reached some scientific results.

Motor response speed and agility are important requirements for players. In indoor soccer, it is harnessing all the technical or skill capabilities of the indoor soccer player and means how to control and control the motor performance. Hence, the importance of the research in knowing the effect of the device in developing the motor response speed and agility for young female indoor soccer players away from improvisation and randomness, believing that the device will contribute to treating weakness and trying to improve performance and develop them, especially for young female indoor soccer players. Accordingly, the indoor player must have high physical, skill and motor qualities, and the motor response speed and agility are important requirements that the indoor player needs as a basic factor for excellence and success. Developing these capabilities in indoor soccer therefore requires the use of modern methods, means and techniques, as the indoor player requires motor response speed and agility in performance. Therefore, the researcher decided to use the random speaker assistant device, hoping to develop these two qualities faster and better than if he used only physical and motor exercises.

Analysis in judo is one of the basic foundations for knowing the level of skill or technical performance, and evaluating and assessing it so that we can help the coach and player to know the real level of the players and to achieve the required level, in addition to identifying the players' strengths and weaknesses and working to correct training curricula and developing curricula that suit the development of the competing teams to raise the level of the player and the team. The practical importance of this research lies in helping and benefiting coaches from the results of the study and putting the data in front of the coaches to know and develop the skill capabilities of their players, whether defensive, offensive or ground play, and knowing the levels of other teams and identifying the most important and most used skills for the player and developing them using studied scientific methods and approaches. The researcher used the descriptive approach with the survey method, and the researcher presented the results of the research, analyzed them and used tables to clarify and discuss them. One of the most important results reached by the researcher is that the most used skills in the tournament are offensive skills if they obtained a percentage of (65%), while defensive skills obtained (17.5%) and ground play skills obtained a percentage of (17.5%). The lack of use of defensive skills by some teams participating in the tournament and the lack of interest of coaches in defensive skills and ground play. The researcher recommended that similar research and studies be conducted that deal with the analysis of the championships of the teams of the central and southern provinces or the championships of Iraq and the Republic or on a sample of youth, seniors, cubs or women.

The aim of the research is to prepare educational development units that include a problem-solving strategy in developing the skill aspect of some basic skills for specialized school basketball players and to identify the effect of this extraction. The researcher adopted the experimental method for its suitability and the nature of the research. The research community consisted of (40) players from the Iraqi specialized school in basketball, while the research sample consisted of (20) players who were randomly selected and divided equally into two experimental and control groups. Equivalence was achieved between the two research groups in learning the skills of delivery, receiving, tapping and scoring in basketball. The experimental group used the problem-solving strategy for its positive effect in learning the skill aspect of the skills under study, while the control group used the method followed in the specialized school. The educational curriculum took (36) educational units at a rate of three units per week. The statistical bag was used with the (SPSS) system to extract the data for the research. The researcher concluded that the experimental group that used the problem-solving strategy was better than the control group in learning the skill aspect of some basic basketball skills.

The importance of the research is summarized in standardizing two skill tests (the facing serve from above, the reception from above) and it was worked on based on the requirements of the game and its updated laws and according to the standards in addition to correcting the path in the accuracy of directing the player towards achieving the goal of the test for the players of the clubs of the Kurdistan Region of Iraq, which includes a number of players, the number of which is (168) players, representing a percentage of (85.71%). Excel was used to obtain the results of the research in addition to the statistical system SPSS and the results were obtained from the raw scores and the T and Z scores and the appropriate standards were found through which the results of the research sample can be generalized and adopted in determining the levels.

The researchers decided to study the correlation between information processing according to the personality type (AB -- A–-B) and its relationship to the accuracy of performing some basic skills in volleyball, and to know the methods of information processing that students use for the purpose of predicting the skill level of students to a reasonable degree, as a contribution from the researcher to the success of the educational process. The researcher's previous experiences are one of the important sources for obtaining the research problem and due to the decline in the educational system followed, and its educational curricula do not contain new strategies for processing information, which may be a reason for extinguishing the desire to process information among students, in addition to the lack of interest in personality types, all of which negatively affects the students' ability to employ the theory that gives them the service of the practical side of practical performance and then negatively affects the level and degree of learning on a sample of fourth-stage students according to personality types, the number of which is (42) students, and the use of descriptive statistics in extracting the results was very purposeful between the two types, as the volleyball player needs the characteristics of type (B) in how to deal with new stimuli with sound thinking and patience in dealing with situations patiently without falling With mistakes because the first line in the second skill in terms of the sequence of play, which is receiving, leaves an ineffective impact on the rest of the skills. This applies to the player prepared in this style in how to deal with incorrect situations with precise methods and leaves inaccurate readings for the opponent. In addition to that, we need style (A) and the aggressive trait and how to deal with situations from raising the excitement for the players, especially in the case of attacking with a crushing strike and a blocking wall, as well as insistence and determination in creating an atmosphere of competition and great passion in order to excel and obtain the match point.

The research included the introduction and the importance of sports analysis in revealing the reality of the level of the Iraqi national team in implementing some offensive duties. The analysis, its objectives and importance were addressed, as well as game plans and their types, the concept of possession in football and its importance from the psychological and tactical side to score goals. The researchers used the descriptive approach based on observation, analysis and comparison to achieve the research objectives. The results were presented and analyzed using the Chi-square law for independence. The researchers reached several results, including adopting the long-handling method, which clearly affected the implementation of tactical duties, as well as the weakness of the Iraqi team players in the skill of scoring, because the principle of ball possession is for penetration and creating scoring opportunities.

The current research aims to identify the effect of the overlapping waves strategy according to bodily-kinesthetic intelligence in learning some basic handball skills. To achieve the research goal, the researchers followed the experimental method with partial control. The research reached several results, the most important of which are:

There are statistically significant differences between the pre- and post-tests between the experimental and control groups in favor of the experimental group in learning some basic handball skills.

There are statistically significant differences between the post-tests between the experimental and control groups in favor of the experimental group in learning some basic handball skills.

There are statistically significant differences between those with bodily-kinesthetic intelligence between the two groups and the control group in favor of the experimental group in learning some basic handball skills.

At the end of the research, the researchers recommend several recommendations, including:

Adopting educational units prepared according to the overlapping waves strategy in learning basic handball skills in the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences for Girls for their effective role in learning the skills that are the subject of the research, and diversifying by using other strategies to learn basic handball skills in order to obtain better results in learning, and conducting studies similar to the current research on other individual or team sports.

Sports medicine is the science that is directly related to the sports field in terms of diagnosing injuries and how to treat them and ensuring the rapid return of the athlete despite the great developments in the field of training methods, the rate of injuries is still high and the reason may be due to the rise in these competitions and the search for results, which prompted players to rush and work on performing sports movements in a way that is very difficult and intense, which is a cause of injury. From this, the research gained importance in identifying the most common injuries among athletes, especially in football and tennis activities, as they are characterized by frequent clashes in football and continuous movement and changing positions in tennis, which contributes to the occurrence of these injuries and thus the athletes' distancing from training and competition is reflected in the level of physical, cognitive and psychological performance.

The research aims to identify sports injuries and their causes in football and tennis activities. The researcher assumes that distancing from correct scientific training and poor sports infrastructure are among the causes of injuries.

The researchers used the descriptive approach because it is suitable for the nature of the problem under study. The research community and sample were determined as football and tennis players from three clubs in Wasit Governorate, numbering 84 players, who were chosen intentionally. The results were processed statistically using statistical methods (percentages and chi-square). After presenting, analyzing and discussing the results, the researchers concluded that the most common injuries are muscle tears and that there is a relationship between body types and these injuries. In addition, the weak level of special physical performance and lack of preparation before training are among the reasons for the occurrence of injuries, in addition to the poor condition of the playing fields used in training and competitions.