Al-Qadisiyah Journal For Humanities Sciences

Iraq included many of heritage houses that belonged to the two previous centuries ,it
represented a ring of an ancient Iraqi architecture which return to thousands of years ,these
houses characteriezed by an unique architectural features in camparism to those in
neighboring countries that make it have architectural indetity.
These dwellings were built by available structural materails that used for hunderds years ago
to form a blocks that are suitable for the inhabitants whether climatical or social aspects.
Iraqi heritage houses have most of planning and architectural elements which have been used
since ancient times because of the legacy of the methods as well as the similarity of structural
and climatic materails throughout the ancients

The theme of this paper concentrates actually on the different usages of the English
word " favor "which is almost equivalent to the Arabic one ( hadhweh ) as translated from the
Hebrew Bible , the Old Testament ( 1 Samuel 2:26 ) into English and Arabic Bibles published
in 1995 and 1996 . The Bible in 1 Samuel 2:26 of the New Living Translation narrates as
follows : "Meanwhile , as young Samuel grew taller , he also continued to gain favor with the
Lord and with the people ". And this means that the Lord's and people's love , sympathy and
favoritism had been in his favor . But the Jewish prophet ( Samuel ) is mentioned in the
Qur'an not by name although the names of two king who had ruled in Palestine during his
time are mentioned by name as in the Cow chapter ( 2: 246 – 247 ) .
Favor / Hadhweh implies , in fact , implications in our present and past folklore . So the
English – Arabic dictionaries define it according to the functions it serves and we can deduce
among them : status , fortune , importance , acceptance , preference , sympathy , honor
…and so forth .
The important argument regarding this topic is to look for the kinds of real favor and
its opposite disfavor by elaborating the question of : why it is wrong to show favoritism to the
wealthy? To ourselves and our sects ? .In addition , the word favor is mentioned in many
literary , Biblical , and Qur'anic texts regarding man's belief and behavior which suggest that
this word we used in the title has a value in a paralleled study with a reference to our past
heritage and antiquities .

The (Hebrew) and (Arabic) are both ancient and rooted in the history of
the ancient near east, such as Amauri, Cannaanite, Phoenician, Aramaic,
Acadian, Assyrian and Chaldean, theses names represented people and history
and had active role in the emergence of ancient Semitic civilization, which were
source of the legend of creation myths of the gods and monotheistic religions.
The research indicated by study and analysis the deviational origin of two
name and common linguistic connotation derived from mother tongue. The
research also shows the historical origin of these two names, the chronology and
spatial event in their appearance because the relate to on human group of one
Semitic species and live on same land.
Key words: the linguistic rooting- rooting historical- derivation.

Irrigation is one of the most important water resources on which people\'s lives and
economic activities depend. It is the second resource after rainfall, which is the main source.
The presence of irrigation is an important and major factor in areas that are located in the
desert range or that do not enjoy sufficient rainfall for agriculture, which is the main focus of
the economy. It is also an important and fundamental element in the areas on or near the bank
of rivers, the presence of the rivers on which the irrigation operations are based represents a
stable primary water source that ensures the availability of the water source needed by
agriculture. Irrigation techniques have played a major role and importance since prehistoric
times, especially in the Near East, which is vital, important and distinctive. It is the cradle of
ancient civilizations, from which culture and intellectual achievements have emerged. The
development and development of irrigation techniques in the region date back to ancient
periods of prehistoric times, which witnessed the first beginnings, the foundations and the
basic elements of the cultural elements that emerged and were rooted and extended to later
historical times. The region, especially Iraq, was the focus of our main research on the
development and prosperity of its economy, especially agriculture, for several reasons,
reasons, foremost of which are the environmental, climatic, geographical and topographic
factors that the region enjoyed. Irrigation techniques and the drilling and cutting of their own
water channels, which ensured a permanent and stable food source.

That the Torah described a book that lived in Babylon after hundreds of years and
based their stories on the stories of Marwa transmitted by generations of the ancestors of the
Jews who had mated with the inhabitants of the original country of Canaanites and Haurin
and Urchin and Babylonians and Assyrians and Chaldeans. The stories Torarte written and
enshrined concepts The mistake is based on the distortion of historical incidents and
personalities in order to make them a historical extension linked to the civilizations of the
ancient world, especially the civilizations of Iraq and Egypt. They quote from the dates of the
neighboring countries, Vahoda all the information and stories that they saw Usefulness to
them.
In the land of Mesopotamia and its Euphrates, the Euphrates was born, its civilization
witnessed its history until it became familiar when history tells us about the glorious glory
achieved by the Sumerians and after them the Akkadians, Babylonians and Assyrians in the
bellies of historians and geographers, describing its famous cities and rivers and irrigation and
navigational conditions in it and citing some of the news of its kings and military conquests
And their legal reforms in a series of related quotations to the world civilizations as they
contributed to the building of other civilizations and this confirms the earlier civilization of
Mesopotamia in spreading the radiance promoted to neighboring civilizations.

Praise be to Allah, Lord of the World, and prayers and peace be upon the master of the
messengers Muhammad and the good and the good
Believing that the Husseiniya march is a wise perspective to form the values of social
behavior to demonstrate the general impact of the Husseiniya revolution and its use to
strengthen the unity of the Islamic Ummah and the rejection of discrimination as well as the
statement of the human values embodied in the march of the forty and the ideal model of
altruism, ) Through this process we decided to write the current research on the contents of
the certificate
As the Imam Hussein (AS) and the Karbala revolutions increase century by century,
and generation after generation, the history of the Islamic nation is firmly rooted in the
conscience of the Islamic nation. The imams are more free and faithful to the noblest of their
goals in order to destroy the tyranny of the tyrants. (P) walked and insisted on the march and
continued its last steps and took the most expensive sacrifices and the best of the pure souls
and the noble souls of one goal, the revival of Islamic law
The research has been divided into two sections, the first one dealing with (the march
of Husseiniya): roots, causes, goals
And the second topic: (Zeinab flags in the poetry of the Dean of the pulpit of Al-Husseini
Dr. Ahmad Al-Waeli) through the poetic verses that mentioned the incident of the child and
Nahdha Al Hussein (p) and the media dimension of Ms. Zaynab (p) and conclusion and
results proved sources and references. She is one of the mothers of the books that dealt with
the Husseiniya
It is God's success

During of our study of the messenger texts of the city of Girsu (Tello), it was found that
these texts covered period forty-three years during the period of time from the therty-three
years of the reign of the Sumerian king of (Shulgi) to the seventh years of the reign of the
Sumerian king (Abi Suein). The texts were classified according to the amount of the rations
distributed. The majority of the texts of the messenger texts of the city of Girsu (Tello), were
also dated, sometimes only day, month and rarely the year, the messenger texts of the city of
Girsu (Tello), mentioned kind and the amount of rations, the name of the Messenger's recipe,
and sometimes the city or destination, as mentioned in the texts, use the actual version of the
Minssion, which was already mentioned (gin / du) (tu) in the sense of (remains) as refered to
the term "Ailams" (NIM)

Cuneiform texts are one of the most important sources of information and record of the
memory and the product of the people of ancient Mesopotamia in their daily dealings, and the
letters come as one of the most important types of these texts because of the variety of
information that reflects the different aspects of civilization can be known through the way of
writing the letters
These letters are almost identical in the writing of some passages, especially in the old
Babylonian period. They are important in cuneiform studies because they contain contents
that are in fact the product of the nature of society and the way in which it is dealt with.
Through the method used in correspondence between the sender and the addressee, taking
the direct speech method Most letters usually begin with a subsequent tracking tool followed
by the sender's name followed by qibima, then the sender's name, and the content entry.
Through the study of these texts, we can be a general idea and understanding of part of the
nature of the relationship between members of society and its components In addition to the
rich materials that enable the researcher to stand in some aspects related to the nature and life
of society in Mesopotamia as political, economic and administrative
All cuneiform texts of all kinds, such as literary, economic and other texts, as each has its
style and method depending on the content contained in the cuneiform text, as well as the case

م.م. والء صادق عبدعلي دراسة لنص مسماري يعود للعصر البابلي القديم
جملة القادسية للعلوم اإلنسانية اجمللد الثاني والعشرون: العدد 1/2019م
of the letters The method of direct contact between the consignee and the addressee , the
method of greeting and peace, as well as the conditions and forms of courtesy depending on
the
Type of relationship between the sender and the addressee In other words, there is a way
we can call the formal way of writing letters , which depends on the appropriate method, such
as the choice of official data and the way in which the subject is dealt with Which reflects
the nature of the interaction between individuals

Issues of discrimination and appeal in old Iraq in the light
of published cuneiform texts
The study of the issues of discrimination and appeal in the judgments is one of the most
important and accurate legal studies, and in fact it is a way to achieve peace and justice in the
societies that dealt with the law in the old Iraq and thus the old Iraq is the first society sought
to achieve community peace, This is evidenced by court cases of cuneiform texts preserved to
this day in the folds of national and international museums, where the appeal is heard through
the judicial boards to issue verdicts in the land of the two countries. The right to discriminate
and appeal in judgment reflects a kind of individual rights in society The facts are before To
make final judgments and implement them, on the one hand, and on the other, we must
examine the scope and accuracy of the study to determine the credibility of dealing with the
law, and the appearance of the community of judicial rulings or their objections to the type of
judgment issued by the cases, and whether the opposition to the implementation of the
provisions was official or illegal, The study of these important topics of the law in force
through which we learn about new details brings us closer to the means of living and the
development of the ancient civilization of Iraq and has enabled us to know the interestof the
people of Mesopotamia in terms of law Of.

Perfume is one of the cultural aspects that have characterised and shaped the human race
since the ancient times. It is a complementary material to the manifestations of Cleanliness
and hygiene, beauty and taste for the civilised human. Yet to this very day, they do not know
specifically the first beginnings on the discovery of the pleasant aroma of perfume.
However it is believed, the discovery of perfume corresponded with the ancient discovery of
man and the burning of wood, within burning the different types of wood which contain tree
sap, it produces a pleasant smell which impregnates the atmosphere. In the event of ignition,
the pleasant aroma fascinated the ancient human and they were able to distinguish this. And
from that point of discovery, perfumes became an integral part of the human life.
In ancient Mesopotamia, perfume portrayed a major aspect in civilisation, specifically in
religious rites as the aromatic perfumes linger in the temples as sacrificial offerings were
brought to the gods. It is believed that the strong fragrance is mixed with the blood of the
sacrificial animals, it was also utilised in religious rituals for expelling the evil spirits.
Perfume was also utilised in the manufacture of ointments and medical perfume for medical
use. Ancient clay tablets that were discovered stated economic, religious and literary
implications on the many names of aromatic materials and smells.
The ancient traders of Mesopotamia were interested in the trade of perfumes according to the
evidence of ancient historical documents

The Archaeology of Mesopotamia have attracted the interest of all countries of the
world, which began sending expeditionary Excavation to explore and obtain these
Archaeology. Among these Expeditions were the German Expeditions that began their first
official exploration in Mesopotamia in 1899 and continued until now,
German Expeditions were characterized by characteristics of their advantage from
other Expeditions, including: Stay away from the mistakes of previous Expeditions, And the
adoption of accurate documentation and careful attention to the Archaeology extracted, and
treatment, And will publish the scientific reports and the results of the excavations.
There have been many archaeological sites where the German Expeditions in AlQadisiyah Governorate, The most important of these sites are three, Isin, Tell Fara, Tell Abu
Hatab.
In this study we will look at the beginnings of the archaeological excavations of
Germany on the Archaeology of Mesopotamia, especially in Al-Qadisiyah Governorate, and
German archaeologists who were excavated, and their studies published on their excavations
in the sites of Al-Qadisiyah Governorate.

Completed Ancient Cities Walls In Mesopotamia
The recent archaeological excavations did not reveal in their excavated sites, Despite the
multiplicity and the importance of architectural and artistic datum,Whether both were ancient
or Islamic, On fortified outstanding cities with integrated defensive walls in terms of
planning and construction from the gate to the top of the wall, And with local structural
materials, Not to mention the historical period to which those fortified cities belong to,Which
is considered one of the poorest historical periods of Parthian history during their rule of
Mesopotamia.
That is what we intend to discuss for our research paper at your first international
conference on 14 November 2018.

The geography of Mesopotamia and its diverse environments gave the region unique
advantages that enabled it to be the cradle of civilization and gave it preference to be the first
place in the world where cities are born and kingdoms and states arise.
Archaeologists and researchers have noted early on that the ancient civilizations were all
on the banks of rivers from Mesopotamia to the Nile Basin to the banks of Sind, northern
China, Central America and northern Peru.
Several theories emerged to explain the emergence of the state. The most important is the
ecological theory that the civilizations that emerged and developed in river basins surrounded
by dry areas such as Euphrates and Nile are similar in evolutionary stages. They all rely on
irrigation technology. They start in the form of small villages and develop until they reach the
highest levels Which leads to the establishment of the state and the temple where religious
rites and rituals are held. There is the hydraulic theory that ancient civilizations were founded
primarily as a necessity for the construction of water projects to bring irrigation water through
large channels of rivers to their basins and valleys of .The construction of large water projects
as required by the financing of large numbers of workers, artisans and professionals in various
disciplines and coordination among them requires authoritarian rule strong able to impose
order and discipline on everyone, and the imposition of excise and royalties and the sources of
the necessary funding.
The management of water resources in river civilizations and the management and
coordination required for them have been well cared for and cared for by ancient societies.
Water is no different from the other components necessary for agriculture such as climate,
relief and soil fertility. However, water is an important factor especially in river basins Dry
environment because it is a controllable resource and its size, management and drainage.
These dry areas of the adjacent river and turning them into fertile agricultural areas
necessitates large irrigation and drainage projects that are managed and implemented by a
central authority. Therefore, those with authority over water resources on everything from
trade to industry to property rights. The power was initially in the hands of the oppressed but
gradually turned into a civil authority supported by the army and supported by the clergy.
This authority takes over control of wealth resources and reduces the role of private property
and all centers of power and influence that do not fall Under the hands of the state. These
communities begin strong and creative in the early stages, but they quickly retreat and turn
into rigid entities and then collapsing and to begin a new cycle under a new authority.

Terracotta from Iraq Museum - musician woman - as a model
We can get the good collection from ( a Confiscated Terracotta from Iraq Museum ) .
After we examination all these pieces , we can choose a numbers of these terracotta ,
which studied in this research , also contain an empirical study for all details in this motives ,
and drawing for all figures , also I put the list for its shapes , and its Iraqi numbers , with its
measurements , with its colours , and its conditions , as I can , we try to do a comparative
study for these pieces in artistic way , also to determined the period to which its belong , and
the study was adopted ( the Archaeological and artistic way to described and analysis ) .
We reach to the final conclusion of these Terracotta , which refer to
( Terracotta of musician woman) .

The country of Mesopotamia is the cradle of civilization and its origin, from which it
emerged the first letter, education, school, law, agriculture and other aspects of civilized
life, including the direction of the countries of the world neighboring and distant by trade
or otherwise, and the way of influence and influence and how and how influence and
impact and how this ancient civilization influenced the civilizations of the United Nations
If we follow the example of how the Sumerian civilization or the Sumerian period
influenced the subsequent period of the Akkadian period through its language, architecture
and lifestyles from trade and industry and even arts such as sculpture in this nascent
civilization, Influenced by the development of the line and writing and what is compatible
with this civilization, which occupied the great time of the history of the country.
This influence has become a reference to the cultural identity of the Akkadian period, as
well as other arts such as pottery, Obstacles, seals and statues, each of which has been
influenced by this civilization and its development and in some cases we find a slight
development which is almost negligible because it is compatible with the thought of the
artist and that the old style prevailed in the periods And each successive story and a theme
that expresses the identity of certain people who occupied a certain time, they expressed
their national identity and held on to it and defended it until the last moment.
We find in the war obelisks a good example of this. If we review the oldest obelisk in
Mesopotamia, which is known as the hunting of black from Warka dating back to the
ancient Sumerian period, we see the king's struggle with the black is the best proof of the
power of the king, From the beginning until the victory of the Sumerian army, and this war
was only to defend their great and ancient identity.
As for the other scenes of the conflict of seals (the subject of the research), we will deal
with four cylindrical seals of two important epochs of the Mesopotamian Akkadian and
Assyrian periods, which had a large share of the historical importance that represented the
identity and history of Mesopotamia. Witnessed the technical advantages of cylindrical
seals unique to Mesopotamia from other countries, and if the similarity is observed in the
seals of other countries due to the cultural impact on this country as we passed previously
in the forefront that affected the civilization of Mesopotamia authentic and ancient, and
creativity and technology in the manufacture of these Seals have highlighted a certain elite
of seal makers, and this profession has been inherited by children from their ancestors.

م.م.حممد يوسف حممد & د. فاتن منصور حممد مشاهد صراع ألربعة اختام اسطوانية من املتحف العراقي
جملة القادسية للعلوم اإلنسانية اجمللد الثاني والعشرون: العدد 1/2019م
research importance:
The subject of the conflict was one of the important topics addressed by the seals
throughout the Mesopotamia as it occurs between two elements or two characters, one of
which represents evil, whether the scenes represent characters or symbols of those
characters based on the old Rafidain religious beliefs, but goodness was always the force
on earth In that period, which is confined to the great gods or in the hands of those who
represent them in the land of Mesopotamia.
research goals:
The aim of the research is to learn about aspects of daily life that the artists of
Mesopotamia have worked on in their industry to seal and represent the daily scenes which
are part of a daily simulation based on the prevailing beliefs that express their identity,And
that these scenes that belong to the conflict was the focus of the manufacture of seals in all
ages from the Warka and Jumada Nasr periods and the subsequent historical periods of
Mesopotamia, and although the techniques vary from one era to another artist and the
difference in the type of available stones used by artists, The content itself, ie the ongoing
conflict between good and evil on the one hand and between force and weakness on the
other.

This study highlighted the city of Arata which was mentioned in a number of
epics of Mesopotamia. We touched upon its geographic location and the most
important hypotheses that were raised around it. It also shaped its political
system and its similarity with the political systems of Mesopotamia from the
same era, Its economy, its population and some aspects of its civilization

The countries of the Middle East, particularly Iraq, are rich in thousands of archaeological,
heritage and tourist sites. These have been a major attraction for exploration missions and
tourist groups for many years. They have become an important means of communication
between different countries for tourism, customs and traditions. As it provides the funds
generated by tourists annually.
The country's economy is linked to its natural and geographical security and protection, its
strategic geographical location, its cultural heritage, its cultural heritage, its architectural and
non-architectural monuments, and modern tourist facilities. To the economy of some
countries, which lack other elements such as agriculture, industry, trade or lack of land for oil,
and relied on the tourism sector, which has become the backbone of the economy and the first
interest, and is planning to develop and develop.
The archaeological and heritage sites and tourist facilities are sectors that are affected by
many risks, violations, crises, and the prevailing world of peace or war, and these risks and
violations vary from one place to another and from one country to another, and their causes
and results vary according to objectives and goals and whether they are internal or external,
The State and the tourism organization bear a great burden in developing and preparing
informed plans to confront the threats and violations of their cultural heritage and tourism
facilities and to confront them and eliminate them so that they can achieve tourist security.
Hence the importance of the subject of our study, especially in light of the exposure of our
monuments and tourist facilities in Iraq of the risks, and will be studied in two topics:
The first topic: Types of risks and violations that are exposed to archaeological sites,
heritage and tourism sources.
The second topic: Means of protecting archaeological sites, heritage and tourism, and
securing them from risks and violations.
the importance of studying
This study is important for the following reasons:
- It is no secret that the effects are the living history of communities, and a sincere witness
alive to their civilization and achievements, they undoubtedly reveal to us the extent of
progress or delay in the production of these communities, and the extent of originality or
tradition in their industries, and express the degree of vulnerability or influence Between
civilizations and each other, and we know the art of nations and their uniforms and the nature
of tastes, as we know the history of nations and past, and the more archaeological discoveries
increased our knowledge of the history of communities and their heritage.

أ.م.حسنني حيدر عبد الواحد املخاطر واالنتهاكات اليت تتعرض هلا املواقع األثرية والرتاثية
جملة القادسية للعلوم اإلنسانية اجمللد الثاني والعشرون: العدد 1/2019م

- The effects of tourism facilities are one of the most important sectors that contribute to
raising the economy of any country, and may constitute the main source of income, so
countries are making a great effort to promote the tourism sector to attract tourists to the state,
and the importance of this in the creation of tourism income of the state, Responsible for these
sectors to make great efforts in the preservation and advancement of the monuments and
tourism facilities, and provide security and protection for them, by knowing the risks and
crimes that may be exposed to the effects and facilities of the State, and appropriate security
measures to enable them to quickly deal with those risks and Crimes.
Objectives of the study:
- Study of some of the risks and violations of the effects of tourism facilities and sources.
- Clarifying some means and methods to protect the monuments and tourist facilities and to
secure them from risks and violations and how to manage them.

Several factors helped to transfer the methods and patterns of Islamic arts.
Among these factors helped was the system of summoning , in which the state
was obliged to transfer a number of artists and skilled workers to participate in
the construction and construction of Islamic cities established by some of the
caliphs . As a result of this system many of the technical methods of the new
cities were transferred to new cities. The migration was the other factors that
played an important role in this field, although the process of migration was not
optional in some cases, it is not requested by the caliphs, and there may be
several reasons for this to relate the first cause of war and conflicts that push
many technicians and skilled workers to the migration of their country and
resorting to new cities safer than cities that have been forced to migrate from
them in order to preserve their lives, and may be the reason is the need of the
same person for the purpose of developing the causes of living and access to a
new financial resource. Through these two factors we find that the styles,
elements and art have moved between the Islamic cities and in all the arts,
whether fixed or movable so that it is sometimes difficult to distinguish between
these methods and it became difficult to proportion of some artifacts to a
particular city. In this research , we will attempt to trace the historical roots of
these factors by citing some models and their impact on the arts of the new
cities.

This research is related to the documentation of Khan al-Gharab and the west of a remote
village belonging to al-Shinafiyah in Diwaniyah governorate
The subject is an important archaeological discovery within the geographical boundaries
of this distant remote village (Gharab), as well as a sacred subject that no one has ever studied
and documented, and because of the paucity of information, sources and references, and even
its total absence, it has become almost lost, forgotten and neglected
This research highlights the importance of this Khan and explains all its structural details
and all its architectural elements and compares them with those of other places. We have also
drawn up a detailed diagram of all its facilities, as well as an outline to show us its
dimensions, measurements and form
The research also found an approximate date for the construction of the Khan, as it is not
included in the writings on its walls and ceilings